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19年中考英语真题 分类 专题12 宾语从句和定语从句(第02期)(解析版)

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‎2019年中考真题英语分项汇编 ‎1. 【2019 • 四川省南充市】—Excuse me, could you please tell me ___________? ‎ ‎—At nine o’clock.‎ A. where you have your art lesson B. where do you have your art lesson C. what time you have your art lesson D. what time do you have your art lesson ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意:——打扰一下,请你告诉我你几点上美术课?——在九点。这里是宾语从句,用陈述语序,排除B、D;根据下文At nine o’clock.可知上文是提问时间,用what time引导,排除A。根据题意,故选C。‎ ‎2. 【2019 • 山东省青岛市】—Could you tell me ___________ tomorrow?‎ ‎—It will be sunny.‎ A. what will the weather be like B. what the weather will be like C. when will the weather be sunny D. when the weather will be sunny ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意:——你能告诉我明天的天气怎么样吗?——天气将会晴朗。本题考查宾语从句,宾语从句的语序是陈述句的语序,排除A、C;根据答语可知,问句是询问天气状况,使用"What’s the weather like?"句型,本题考查的是一般将来时态,故答案为B。‎ ‎【点睛】宾语从句是中考必考的语法项目,主要考查三个方面的内容:语序,连接词和时态。‎ ‎1. 语序 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序,即"主句+连词+宾语从句(主语+谓语+……)"句式。‎ ‎2. 连接词 ‎ ‎1)当由陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。‎ ‎2)当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为"是否"。‎ ‎3)如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。‎ ‎3. 时态 含宾语从句的复合句,主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容:‎ ‎1)如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词可根据需要,选用相应的任何时态。‎ ‎2)如果主句的谓语动词是过去时,宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要,选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。‎ ‎3)如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等,不管主句用什么时态,从句时态都用一般现在时。‎ ‎3.【2019 • 山西省中考】 —Some schools have used smart uniforms. I wonder ___________.‎ ‎—They can tell parents where their children are.‎ A. who invented them B. what they are used for C. when students wear them ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意:——有的学校已经运用了智能的校服。我想知道它们被用来做什么。——他们能告诉父母他们的孩子在哪儿。who invented them谁发明了他们;what they are used for他们用来干什么;when students wear them学生们什么时候穿他们。根据下面的答语They can tell parents where their children are可知,题目中问的是智能校服的用途,故应选B。‎ ‎4. 【2019 • 江苏省泰州市】—Next Friday is my mother’s birthday. I’m thinking about ___________. ‎ ‎—Good boy! And please give my best wishes to her.‎ A. what present I gave her B. how I can give her a surprise C. if I planned a party for her D. where will my family have a big meal ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意:——下星期五是我母亲的生日。我在想怎么给她一个惊喜。——好孩子!请代我向她致以最良好的祝愿。本题考查宾语从句。注意时态和语序。根据Next Friday is my mother’s birthday. 和I’m thinking about ______. 可知,本题的时态为一般将来时或一般现在时,选项A/C是一般过去时,因此时态不对,排除;选项D的语序不对,应该用陈述句的语序。选项B的意思是:我怎么样才能给她一个惊喜。这个惊喜是将要给的。故选B。‎ ‎【点睛】此题考查宾语从句。宾语从句特别要注意的是它的语序和时态。‎ ‎1. 语序 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都必须使用陈述句语序,即宾语从句的主从句是一体的。‎ ‎2. 时态 含宾语从句的复合句,主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应,包括以下三点内容:‎ ‎1)如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词可根据需要,选用相应的任何时态。如:①I don’t know when he will come back. 我不知道他将何时回来。‎ ‎②He tells me that his sister came back yesterday. 他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。‎ ‎2)如果主句的谓语动词是过去时,宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要,选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如:‎ ‎①The children didn’t know who he was. 孩子们不知道他是谁。‎ ‎②He asked his father how it happened. 他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。‎ ‎3)如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等,不管主句用什么时态,从句时态都用一般现在时。‎ 如:The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 老师说地球绕着太阳转。‎ ‎5. 【2019 • 新疆维吾尔自治区】—Would you please tell me ___________?‎ ‎—It’s Mr. Black’s.‎ A. when the robot was bought B. who the robot belongs to C. why the robot was made D. which city the robot was taken to ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意:——你能告诉我机器人是谁的吗?——根据答语,Mr. Black’的。根据下文It’s Mr. Black’s.这是布莱克先生的,这里引导词用who,排除ACD。根据题意,故选B。‎ ‎6. 【2019 • 浙江省温州市】—Could you tell me ___________? ‎ ‎—You will stay with an English family and take part in their daily life.‎ A. when I should pay for the course B. what the best part of the course is C. how long the shortest course lasts D. where I can go sightseeing after class ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意:——你能告诉我这门课最棒的部分是什么吗?——你会和一个英国家庭呆在一起,并参与他们的日常生活。考查宾语从句。根据Could you tell me ________? 可知本题考查宾语从句,宾语从句三个要素:引导词、陈述句语序、时态。四个选项均为陈述语序,when什么时候,对时间提问;what什么,对事物内容提问;how long多长,是对长度或一段时间的提问;where哪里,是对地点提问。根据答语You will stay with an English family and take part in their daily life.可知这是对事物内容的回答,所以宾语从句的引导词应用what,故选B。‎ ‎7. 【2019 • 湖北省武汉市】Rose is wondering ___________.‎ A. what is Matt doing B. where has Jason gone C. when will Aaron leave D. who did the washing ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句意:‎ 罗斯想知道谁洗的衣服。本题考查宾语从句,宾语从句用陈述句语序,即"主谓宾"结构。A项中,主语为Matt,属于疑问句结构;B项中,主语为Jason,为疑问句结构;C项中,主语为Aaron,属于疑问句结构;D项中,who作主语,did作谓语,the washing为宾语,是陈述句语序,故选D。‎ ‎8. 【2019 • 甘肃省武威市】I wonder ___________ Tom had a good time having a picnic yesterday.‎ A. that B. if C. what D. which ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意"我想知道汤姆是否在昨天的野餐中玩得很开心"。that在宾语从句中无意义也不做成份;if在从句中不做成份,译为"是否";C.what在从句中作成份,指物,译为"什么";which在从句中作成份,译为"哪一个"。根据句子可知,从句中不缺成份,且根据wonder可知,译为"是否玩得开心",用if,故选B。‎ ‎9. 【2019 • 湖北省咸宁市】—I am worried about ___________ I can enter a good high school or not.‎ ‎—Take it easy. Believe in yourself!‎ A. that B. when C. whether D. where ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意:——我担心我能否进入一所好的高中。——别紧张。相信你自己!about是介词,后接宾语从句。A. that当从句是陈述句时,用that引导,that不做任何成分,可省略;B. when什么时候;C. whether是否;D. where哪里。whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或or not直接连用。意为"是否"。故选C。‎ ‎10.【2019 • 湖北省襄阳市】 —Could you please tell me ___________ the Nanhu Square?‎ ‎—Yes, of course. You can either ride a sharing bike or take a bus.‎ A. when can I get to B. why can I get to C. where I can get to D. how I can get to ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句意:——你能告诉我怎么去南湖广场吗?——是的,当然可以。你或者骑共享单车或者乘公共汽车。考查宾语从句。根据Could you please tell me ________ the Nanhu Square?可知本题考查宾语从句,宾语从句三要素是:连接词、宾语从句语序、时态。根据宾语从句用陈述语序,可知A、B选项均是疑问语序,所以排除。where哪里,是对地点的提问;how如何、怎样,是对方式、方法的提问;再根据You can either ride a sharing bike or take a bus. 你或者骑自行车或者乘公共汽车,可知是对方式的提问,排除C选项;故答案选D。‎ ‎11. 【2019 • 湖北省孝感市】Zhong Wei told his friends ___________ to be back to his hometown.‎ A. how happy he is B. how happy he was C. he is how happy D. he was how happy ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意:钟伟告诉他的朋友们,回到家乡他是多么快乐。考查宾语从句。宾语从句的时态视主句时态而定,主句told是动词过去式,而AC两项是一般现在时,可排除。本句是感叹句结构做宾语,需用"how + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语!"结构;D项结构错误,可排除。根据句意结构和语境,可知选B。‎ ‎12. 【2019 • 江苏省宿迁市】—What did Mr. Wang ask you just now?‎ ‎—He asked me ___________ yesterday afternoon.‎ A. why I am absent from school B. Why I was absent from school C. why am I absent from school D. why was I absent from school ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意:——王先生刚才问你什么?——他问我昨天下午为什么没来上学。考查宾语从句。宾语从句需用陈述句语序,根CD两项都是疑问句语序,可排除。yesterday afternoon昨天下午,用于一般过去时;根据句意结构和语境,可知选B。‎ ‎13. 【2019 • 湖北省宜昌市】—Do you mind telling me ___________?‎ ‎—Of course not. Remember "Keep Moving".‎ A. how can I lose weight B. where can I lose weight C. how I can lose weight D. where I can lose weight ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:——你介意告诉我怎样才能减肥吗?——当然不。记住"永不止步"。宾语从句需用陈述句语序,A、B两项都是疑问句语序,可排除。how怎样,问方式;where在哪里,问地点。答语借用安踏的广告语Keep Moving回答了对方关于减肥方法的提问,根据句意语境,可知选C。‎ ‎14. 【2019 • 湖南省益阳市】—Could you please tell me ___________ I can buy some stamps?‎ ‎—Yes. There is a post office on Center Street.‎ A. why B. where C. when ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查宾语从句引导词辨析。句意:—你能告诉我在哪里能买邮票吗?—好的,在中心大街的一家邮局。A. why为什么;B. where在哪里;C. when何时。下文回答了买邮票的地点,所以宾语从句中询问地点,用where,故选B。‎ ‎15. 【2019 • 湖南省长沙市】Life is like a story. What matters is not how long it is but ___________.‎ A. how good it is B. how good is it C. what good it is ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】句意:生活就像一个故事。重要的不是它有多长,而是它有多好。is后跟表语从句,从句要用陈述句的语序,排除B;how+形容词或副词,what+(形容词)+名词,good为形容词形式,故答案为A。‎ ‎16. 【2019 • 重庆中考B卷】—Excuse me, could you tell me ___________?‎ ‎—Sure. Bus No.4 will take you right there.‎ A. how can I get to the zoo B. how I can get to the zoo C. when can I get to the zoo D. when I can get to the zoo ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意:——劳驾,你能告诉我怎么去动物园吗?——当然可以,4路公共汽车正好带你到那儿。本题考查宾语从句,宾语从句的语序是陈述句的语序,排除A,C;根据答语可知,问句是询问如何去动物园,故答案为B。‎ ‎【点睛】宾语从句是中考必考的语法项目,主要考查三个方面的内容:语序,连接词和时态。‎ ‎1. 语序 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序,即"主句+连词+宾语从句(主语+谓语+……)"句式。‎ ‎2. 连接词 1)当由陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。‎ ‎2)当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为"是否"。‎ ‎3)如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。‎ ‎3. 时态 含宾语从句的复合句,主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容:‎ ‎1)如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词可根据需要,选用相应的任何时态。‎ ‎2)如果主句的谓语动词是过去时,宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要,选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。‎ ‎3)如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等,不管主句用什么时态,从句时态都用一般现在时。‎ ‎17. 【2019 • 重庆中考A卷】—Dear friends, do you still remember ___________ three years ago?‎ ‎ —To realize our dream!‎ A. why you came here B. why did you come here C. how you came here D. how did you came here ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】结合答语可推知,空格处是在询问原因,故排除C、D两项;又因为why引导的从句在句中作remember的宾语从句,故why引导的从句要用陈序语序。‎ ‎18. 【2019 • 广东省中考】—Have you decided ___________ the Expo 2019 Beijing?‎ ‎—This summer holiday.‎ A. how are you going to B. how you are going to C. when are you going to D. when you are going to ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句意:——你决定什么时候去2019年北京博览会了吗?——今年暑假。根据疑问词引导的宾语从句要用陈述语序,排除A/C;根据This summer holiday.可知问什么时候;故选D。‎ ‎【点睛】1、宾语从句要用陈述语序,即引导词+主语+谓语+其他 例如:Do you know who they are waiting for?‎ ‎2、宾语从句时态遵循:主现从任意,主过从过去,从句是客观事实与真理,一律用一般现在时。‎ 例如:I wonder who cleaned the room. I wonder who will clean the room.‎ 例如:I knew she had swept the floor.‎ 例如:They knew the sun is much bigger than the earth.‎ ‎19. 【2019 • 湖北省鄂州市】—Your dress looks nice on you. Could you please tell me ___________?‎ ‎—In Taobao.‎ A. where did you buy it B. when you bought it C. where you bought it D. when did you buy it ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意:——你穿这件裙子看起来很漂亮,你能告诉我你在哪里买的吗?——在淘宝上。where did you buy it你在哪里买的,疑问语序;when you bought it你什么时候买的;where you bought it你在哪里买的;when did you buy it疑问语序。根据句子结构可知,这里考查宾语从句,从句中应用陈述语序,故先排除A和D。根据下面的回答In Taobao可知,这里问的是在哪里买的,故选C。‎ ‎1. 【2019 • 甘肃省兰州市】The movie ___________ I have seen twice is The Wandering Earth.‎ A. who B. which C. where D. when ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意:我看过两次的电影是《流浪地球》。A. who谁,指人的引导词;B. which哪一个,指物的引导词;C. where哪里,指地点;D. when什么时间,指时间。本题考查定语从句。先行词是The movie,因此引导词用which。故选B。‎ ‎2. 【2019 • 四川省乐山市】—What are you looking for?‎ ‎—I’m looking for the storybook ___________ you lent to me last week.‎ A. who B. which C. when ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意:——你正在找什么?——我正在找你上周借给我的故事书。本题考查定语从句。A. who指人,在从句中作主语和宾语;B. which指物,在从句中作主语和宾语;C. when表示时间,在从句中作状语。本句话中,先行词为the storybook,指物,且在从句中作宾语,故选B。‎ ‎3. 【2019 • 山东省临沂市】Peppa Pig (《小猪佩奇》) is a British cartoon ___________ has been popular in China and is much loved by little children and their parents.‎ A. who B. which C. /‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意:《小猪佩奇》是一部在中国很受欢迎的英国动画片,深受幼儿和父母的喜爱。根据句子结构,空后部分是作定语修饰British cartoon,所以是定语从句。先行词是British cartoon,是物,故选B。‎ ‎【点睛】定语从句中常见的关系代词的用法:‎ which:引导从句, 先行词指事物,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语; ‎ that:引导从句, 先行词指人或事物,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语; ‎ who:引导从句, 先行词指人,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语; ‎ whom:引导从句, 先行词指人,在从句中作宾语; ‎ whose:引导从句, 先行词指人,在从句中作定语。‎ ‎4. 【2019 • 四川省眉山市】Success always belongs to those ___________ have tried their best to make their dreams come true.‎ A. who B. whom C. whose D. which ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】句意:成功总是属于那些尽他们最大的努力让他们梦想实现的人。本题考查定语从句。A.指人,在从句中作主语或宾语;B.指人,在从句中作宾语;C.指人或物,在从句中作定语;D. 指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。本句话中,先行词为those,指人,且在从句中作主语,故选A。‎ ‎5. 【2019 • 湖北省随州市】—What kind of movies do you like? ‎ ‎—I prefer movies ___________ give me something to think about.‎ A. which B. who C. what D. when ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】句意:——你喜欢什么种类的电影?——我更喜欢给我一些思考的东西的电影。A.‎ ‎ which关系词,先行词是物;B. who关系词,先行词指人;C. what不能引导定语从句;D. when关系副词,在定语从句中做状语。先行词是movies指物,关系词用which。根据题意,故选A。‎ ‎6. 【2019 • 甘肃省武威市】I prefer music ___________ has great lyrics.‎ A. who B. whose C. that D. /‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意:我喜欢有美妙的歌词的音乐。本题考查定语从句。A.指人,在从句中作主语和宾语;B.指人或物,在从句中作定语;C.指人或物,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语;D.若that在从句中作宾语,that可省。本句话中先行词为music,指物,且在从句中作主语,用that,故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】做定语从句时,可先将先行词还原到句中。其次选择关系词,要先看先行词指人、指物还是既指人又指物。二要看从句中做何种成分,从而做出正确的判断。‎ ‎7. 【2019 • 湖南省长沙市】China is getting better at making hi-tech products ___________ can be bought in all parts of the world.‎ A. who B. which C. what ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意:中国在制造高科技产品方面很擅长,并且这些产品世界各地都能买到。此句考查定语从句的关系词。who引导定语从句时,先行词是人,who在从句中作主语或宾语;which引导定语从句时,先行词是物,which在从句中作主语或宾语;what不能引导定语从句。本句的先行词是hi-tech products,指物,用which来引导,故答案为B。‎ ‎【点睛】在定语从句中,关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。‎ ‎1) who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:‎ Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)‎ He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)‎ ‎2) whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同of which互换),例如:‎ They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。‎ ‎3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。‎ 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。‎ 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如:Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。‎ ‎8. 【2019 • 广东省中考】Not all children ___________ watch this video will become a scientist, but some may ‎ become interested in science.‎ A. whom B. which C. who D. whose ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意:不是所有的看这个录像的孩子会成为科学家,但是有一些也许会对科学感兴趣。分析句子结构,本题是定语从句。whom关系代词,先行词是人,在从句中作宾语。 which关系代词,先行词是物,在从句中作主语和宾语。who关系代词,先行词是人,在从句中作主语和宾语。whose关系代词,先行词是人或物,在从句中作定语。根据句子结构,可知先行词是children(人),并且从句中缺少主语,所以用关系代词who;故选C。‎ ‎9. 【2019 • 湖北省鄂州市】—Do you like the weekly talk show The Readers on CCTV?‎ ‎—Sure. It’s a great TV program ___________ can develop the habit of reading.‎ A. who B. that C. what D. whose ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意:——你喜欢中央电视台每周一次的节目《朗读者》吗?——当然了,这是一个很棒的节目,能培养阅读的习惯。根据句子结构可知,这里考查定语从句,who是关系代词,先行词为人,在从句中作主语或宾语;that先行词人或物都可以,在从句中作主语或宾语;what不能引导定语从句,先排除;whose……的,先行词可以是人或物。这个定语从句的先行词是program,故排除A;D选项意思不合适。故应选B。‎

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