河南专用2020版中考英语语法过关专题七副词课件人教新目标版 35页

专题七　副词 考点一　副词的用法及词义辨析 考点突破 考点二　副词的比较等级 考点一　副词的用法及词义辨析 考点突破 一、副词的分类 1.时间副词 时间副词有now,then,today,tomorrow,yesterday,before,ago,soon,immediately,late- ly,early,already,yet等。时间副词是确定句子时态的重要标志,所以一定要牢固 掌握不同时态的时间标志。 2. 地点副词 地点副词有 outside,inside,upstairs,here,there,home,near,away,in,back,off,up,any- where 等。地点副词和动词连用时不加介词。 3.方式副词 方式副词有quickly,happily,loudly,suddenly,luckily,badly,easily,fast等。方式副词 大多由“形容词+ly”构成。 4.程度副词 程度副词有very,quite,rather,too,much,so等。有些程度副词可以修饰形容词原 级,有些能修饰形容词比较级。 5. 频度副词 频度副词有 sometimes,often,always,usually,never 等。频度副词通常和一般现在 时连用 , 表示动作发生的频率。 6.疑问副词(或疑问副词词组) 疑问副词(或疑问副词词组)有when,where,why,how,how long,how soon,how of- ten,how far 等。疑问副词(或疑问副词词组)常用来构成特殊疑问句。 7.关系副词 关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词常用来引导从句。 二、副词的用法 1.作状语　如: He works hard.(修饰动词)他努力工作。 He parked the car very easily.(修饰副词) 他很容易地把汽车停好了。 Unfortunately,he was out.(修饰整个句子) 很遗憾,他出去了。 2.作表语 作表语的副词多数是表示位置或状态的,如in,out,on,down,up,off,away,upstairs。 如: He is in.他在家。 What ' s on this evening?今晚演什么节目? I must be off now.我现在必须走了。 3.作宾语补足语　如: Let them in.让他们进来。 We saw her off two days ago.两天前我们为她送行。 三、副词的位置 1.地点副词、时间副词和方式副词一般放在句末 注意:地点副词作定语时要后置,不属于这种情况。 I ' ll meet him at the station tomorrow.(时间副词) 明天我将去车站接他。 Tomorrow I ' ll meet him at the station.(注意:有时为了强调时间,可把时间副词放 在句首。) The boy wrote his homework quickly.(方式副词) 这个男孩写作业很快。 The students all worked well here last week.(地点副词) 这些学生上周在这里都做得很好。 2.频度副词在句中的位置有以下两种情况 ①在be动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后。 She is always kind to us.她对我们总是很好。 The work has never been done.这项工作永远也做不完。 ②在实义动词之前。 He often goes to school early.他常常很早就去上学。 3.程度副词在句中的位置有下列两种情况 ①修饰动词时,它在句中的位置与频度副词的两种情况相似。 He is almost forty years old. 他差不多40岁了。 注意 : 如果句末同时有几个副词 , 它们的基本顺序是 : 方式副词 + 地点副词 + 时间 副词。 We are going to travel globally very soon. 我们很快就要进行环球旅行。 ②修饰形容词、副词时,放在它所修饰的词的前面。 He studies much harder now. 现在他学习努力多了。 He runs fast enough. 他跑得够快。 注意 :enough 作副词修饰形容词或副词时 , 应放在所修饰词的后面。但作为形容 词修饰名词时 , 常放在名词的前面。如 : This fruit isn ‘ t sweet enough. 这种水果不够甜。 I don ' t have enough money to buy this skirt. 我没有足够的钱买这条裙子。 四、副词词义辨析 1.how long,how soon,how often,how far 由how引导的短语 用法 例句 how long 意为“多久,多长时间”,对一个持续的时间段 提问,常用“for+时间段”和“since+时间点” 回答 —How long have you been in China? —For three months. ——你来中国有多久了? ——有三个月了。 how soon 意为“多快,多久以后”,对一个短暂性动作提 问,用于一般将来时的句子中,常用“in+时间 段”回答 —How soon will he come back? —In five minutes. ——他多久才能回来? ——五分钟后。 how often 意为“多长时间一次”,对频率提问,常用 “once,twice,three times a week”等回答 —How often do you visit your grandparents? —Once a week. ——你多久去看望你的祖父母一次? ——一周一次。 how far 意为“多远”,对距离提问 —How far is it from your home to your school? —About two kilometers. ——你家离学校有多远? ——大约两千米。 2.hard和hardly 3.much too和too much 拼写相似的单词 用法 例句 hard 意为“努力地;大量地;猛烈地” We should study hard.我们应该努力学习。 hardly 意为“几乎不”,是否定副词 I can hardly catch up with you.Can you walk slowly?我几乎赶不上你了,你能走慢一点吗? 近似短语 用法 例句 much too 意为“非常,极其,太”,much和too都是副词,much 修饰too,用于加强语气,中心词是too,much too修饰形容词或副词原级 The skirt is much too dear.这条裙子太贵了。 too much 意为“太多”,中心词是much,too修饰much,too much修饰不可数名词,与too many相对,too many修饰可数名词 Please don ‘ t eat too much ice cream.It ' s bad for your health.请不要吃太多冰激凌,那对你的健康有害。 4.too,as well,also,either 四个“也” 用法 例句 too 多用于口语,一般放在句末,用逗号隔开 He went there,too.他也去那里了。 as well 多用于口语,一般放在句末 I like you as well.我也喜欢你。 also 多用于书面语,一般放在句中与动词连用 I also went there.我也去那里了。 either 用于否定句,往往放在句末 He didn ' t go there,either.他也没有去那里。 近义词 用法 例句 too 意为“太,很”,用于“too...to...”结构,表示否定意义“太 …… 而不能 …… ” The man is too old to look after himself.这个人年纪太大了,不能照顾自己。 enough 意为“足够”,用于“形容词/副词原级+enough to...”结构,表示“足够 …… 能 …… ” The boy runs fast enough to win the game.这个男孩跑得足够快,能赢得这次比赛。 so 意为“如此”,用于“so...that...”结构,表示“如此 …… 以至于 …… ” The camera is so expensive that I can ' t afford it.这个照相机太贵了,我买不起。 5.too,enough,so 6.already,yet,still 近义词 用法 例句 already 表示某事已经发生,主要用于肯定句 We ' ve already watched that film.我们已经看过 那部电影了。 yet 表示期待某事发生,主要用于否定句和疑问句 I haven ' t finished my homework yet.我还没有 完成我的家庭作业。 still 表示某事还在进行,主要用于肯定句和疑问句, 有时也可用于否定句 He still works hard late every night.他仍然每天 晚上努力工作到很晚。 副词 用法 例句 ago 表示以现在为起点的“以前”,和表示时间概念的词组搭配使用,常用于一般过去时的句子中 The meeting began five minutes ago.会议五分钟前开始的。 before 指以过去或将来的某一时刻为基准的“以前”,也可泛指以前,常用于现在完成时、过去完成时和一般过去时的句子中 I have never been to Suzhou before.我以前从未去过苏州。 7.ago和before 考点二　副词的比较等级 副词比较等级的用法 1.副词的比较级、最高级的变化和形容词的比较级、最高级的变化规则基本 相同。请参见形容词比较等级的变化规则。 2.在两者之间进行比较表示“A不如B”时,部分双音节和多音节副词除使用 “not...as/so+副词原级+as”结构外,还可以使用“less+副词原级+than”结构。 He doesn ' t write as carefully as his sister. =He writes less carefully than his sister. 他写字不如他妹妹细心。 3.副词最高级前一般不加定冠词the。 Which do you like best?你最喜欢哪一个? 4.不规则变化表 原级 比较级 最高级 well better best badly worse worst much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest 一、选词填空 1.(2019河南)—You don ' t like British breakfast, do you? —Not     exactly     . I just need some time to get used to it.(more/only/truly/exactly) 2.(2019天津)Jenny will get up     earlier     than usual in order to catch the first bus. (early/very early/earlier/earliest) 3.(2019江苏南京)Seeing the new changes in her hometown, Nanjing, Sandy could     hardly     believe her eyes.(properly/highly/nearly/hardly) 4.(2019重庆)You ' d better leave     quickly     , or trouble will come to you.(lively/ 中考题组 friendly/heavily/quickly) 5.(2019山西)—Our motherland ' s 70th birthday is coming. —Great! We will hold many activities to celebrate it     warmly     .(wisely/warmly/ simply) 6.(2019江西)Peter spoke so     quietly     that I could hardly hear him.(loudly/quiet- ly/clearly/patiently) 7.(2019广东)A mobile phone with 5G can send videos much     faster     than the one with 4G.(fast/faster/fastest/the fastest) 8.(2019安徽)I came to school     early     this morning because it was my turn to clean our classroom.(early/slowly/quietly/suddenly) 9.(2019黑龙江哈尔滨)—What ' s the weather like in summer here? —It ' s hot. Sometimes it rains     heavily     . (clearly/heavily/carefully) 10.(2019贵州铜仁)—How often do you usually go to work by subway? —     Never     .I always take a bus, because there is no subway in this city.(Some- times/Often/Never/Seldom) 11.(2019江苏苏州)Could you speak in a loud voice so that I can hear you     clearly     ?(quickly/happily/slowly/clearly) 12.(2019湖北襄阳)—Who runs     fastest     in your class? —Tom does. None of us can catch him in the race.(faster/slower/fastest/slowest) 13.(2019河北)Ken was     almost     late for school. The bell rang right after he en- tered the classroom.(still/always/already/almost) 14.(2019山东青岛)My brother has a healthy living habit. He     hardly     stays up late, and he is an early bird.(usually/hardly/often/always) 15.(2019浙江温州)Betty felt so tired last night that she     immediately     fell asleep in bed after lying down.(recently/suddenly/frequently/immediately) 16.(2018河南)Aunt Jane is now     well     over seventy, but she is still a great cin- ema-goer.(very/well/about/almost) 17.(2018天津)—Can you open a gift     immediately     after you receive it in Eng- land? —Yes. We don ' t have to wait.(mainly/immediately/nearly/loudly) 18.(2018江苏南京)Millie     almost     missed the train this afternoon. It started to leave right after she got on it.(almost /already /really /seldom) 19.(2018重庆)I can ' t hear the teacher     clearly     with so much noise outside. (clearly/slowly/warmly/bravely) 20.(2018广东)—My grandpa practices playing the guitar     hard     in the university for the elderly every day. —Cool!It ' s never too old to learn.(hard/hardly/great/greatly) 21.(2017河南)—Jimmy, where are my glasses?I have looked everywhere. —Oh, Granny. They are     right     on your nose.(even/well/right/ever) 二、语篇填空 (2020河南中考预测) 阅读下面短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思 完整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。 courage,final,never,key,like,hard,he,try,make,but The mind is sharper than a knife. We can use it to fight against the challenge and to cut the stone. Everyone is creative, and you just need to find the right 　1     to open it. Follow the short story to understand the power of self-confidence. Falling over stones, a man was 　2     to find his way through a dark cave with a light of hope from a lantern. 　3     , he could follow the sunlight entering the cave, which 　4     him happy. But as he went closer, he was puzzled to see a huge rock standing before him 　5     an elephant. Soon, he realized that 　6     was the only strength he owned to overcome the block. He pushed the rock with all his strength, 　7     failed. He felt hopeless. However, while he was sitting at the foot of the huge rock in the mouth of the large cave, looking back on his attempt, he said to 　8     ,“I will get out of here.” This must have added to his power and given him more energy in pushing the huge piece. The rock began to move a little bit, which encouraged him to work 　9     . He got tired but he would 　10     give up. Slowly, the rock made way for him paying honor to all his efforts. He walked along the bright and evergreen path before him with pride. 1.     key     　2.     trying     　3.     Finally     　4.     made     　5.     like     6.     courage     　7.     but     　8.     himself     　9.     harder     　10.     never     一、选词填空 1.(2019河南省实验中学一模)—I have trouble reading such a long passage. —You can read 　quickly     to get the main ideas first. Don ' t read word by word. Just read for the key points.(exactly/probably/quickly/directly) 2.(2019河南新乡一模)No one knows when the house was built 　exactly     , but it must be very old.(suddenly/gradually/exactly/recently) 3.(2019河南开封一模)Wu Mei didn ' t go to the cinema yesterday. 　Instead     , she watched her favorite TV series at home.(However/Still/Besides/Instead) 模拟题组 4.(2019河南安阳一模)Take care when you are driving, 　especially     in such a summer storm.(immediately/especially/probably/recently) 5.(2019河南焦作一模)—There are so many people waiting to enter the museum! —Let ' s stand in line. It ' s polite to wait 　patiently     .(excitedly/patiently/angrily/ sadly) 6.(2019河南河大附中一模)Mary almost missed the train this afternoon. It started to leave 　right     after she got on it.(right/already/almost/seldom) 7.(2019河南中原名校中考第二次大联考)Be good to people on your way up be- cause you 　never     know if you will meet them again on your way down.(always/ never/sometimes/nearly) 8.(2019河南郑州二模)I am too tired to walk any more. 　Anyway     , I am hungry. (Then/Anyway/Instead/However) 9.(2019河南新乡二模)—Can you catch what I said? —Sorry, I can 　hardly     understand it because you spoke quickly.(almost/proba- bly/quickly/hardly) 10.(2018河南新乡一模)—What a beautiful river!Can you imagine it being 　seriously     polluted in the past? —Really?Then our government must have done a lot to make it clean.(carefully/se- riously/heavily/possibly) 11.(2018河南焦作一模)When the bad news first came,people refused to believe it, but 　gradually     they began to accept it.(impossibly/gradually/usually/easily) 12.(2018河南商丘一模)Tell your father that making telephone calls while driving is not 　simply     against the law. It is a matter of life or death.(mostly/hardly/near- ly/simply) 13.(2018河南平顶山一模)—Have you been to Pakistan 　lately     ? —Yes. I went there last week.(closely/deeply/freely/lately) 14.(2018河南焦作二模)I lost my ticket, but 　luckily     my best friend gave me another one.(firstly/exactly/luckily/actually) 15.(2018河南省实验中学一模)It is 　widely     known that more and more for- eigners are learning Chinese now.(politely/loudly/widely/easily) 16.(2018河南郑州外国语中学一模)—How fast your son has grown! —Yes, he is 　nearly     as tall as his father.(nearly/mostly/especially/hardly) 二、语篇填空 (2020河南中考原创) 阅读短文,根据语篇要求填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。 One sheep, two sheep...632 sheep...still awake... People always believe that counting sheep 　1     helpful to their sleep. But does it really work? Scientists at Oxford University tested it. Two sleep researchers looked at the people who had difficulty in sleeping. They divided them 　2     different groups. Then they asked them to try all kinds of ways to help themselves fall asleep quickly. Surprisingly,it took those who were asked to count sheep more time to fall asleep than those who weren ' t. But when they were asked to imagine a relaxing picture— a beach, 　 3     example, they fell asleep about twenty minutes sooner than before, according to a report in The New York Times . “Sometimes, counting tasks are OK, 　4     they are thought stressful(压力重的)by many people,”Dr. Richards told ABC News. “As 　5     result, it may be a good way to try imagining colorful fish slowly swimming in a river to help you sleep at night,”suggested Richards. 1. 　is     　2. 　into     　3. 　for     　4. 　but     　5. 　a