19年中考英语真题 分类 专题19-1 短文填空（首字母填空）（第01期）（解析版） 8页

‎2019年中考真题英语分项汇编 专题19 短文填空 考点1首字母填空 Passage 1（2019 •天津市）‎ 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整．每空限填一词。‎ The villagers in Mhangeni， Africa． faced a very big challenge（挑战）．They didn't have a school for their kids．‎ Then the village elder thought of an （1）i　 　． He said that there was an old， abandoned （废弃的）farmhouse． It could be changed into classrooms after cleaning and furnishing（装设备）it． All the villagers were （2）p　leased　with his suggestion and started the project immediately． The parents repaired the broken walls． Some villagers （3）d　 　the house into three classrooms by using pieces of wood． The others helped make desks and chairs for the students． Still， there was much more work to do． But the rains were coming． They had to （4）s　 　working for the school as it was now the best time for them to plant．‎ So the children of Mhangeni decided to finish the house by （5）t　 　．They had to hurry as summer had ended and other schools had already opened．They didn't want to delay（耽搁） their studies． Every day they were busy with cutting the grass and clearing the bushes（灌木）．‎ The news about the project （6）s　 　and many people knew it． Two teachers who worked for the country's Department of Education arrived to help out． and two foreign visitors were also touched （感动） by the children's （7）a　 　．They donated money for them to buy textbooks and stationery．‎ After 10 days of hard work， the new school was （8）r　 　．The kids were very happy but a bit worried﹣they were behind in their studies．‎ Besides（除…之外）this， they also faced many （9）d　 　．There were not enough classrooms to hold all the students． And two or three students had to share one book．‎ However， the children are happy to study in school﹣（10）e　 　in their new school which they helped to build． Though their school might not be modern， their dream of having a school near their homes has come true．‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎【文章大意】非洲Mhangeni 的村民面临一个严重的问题．他们村子没有学校，他们一起努力给孩子们建了一所学校，虽然学校很简陋，但是孩子们还是很开心能在学校学习．‎ ‎1．idea 【解析】考查名词；分析语境，此处表示：村子里的老者想出来一个主意．i开头的单词，idea意见，想法．符合语境．故答案为：idea．‎ ‎2．pleased 【解析】考查形容词；分析语境，此处表示：所有的村民对他的建议很满意，并开始开始了这个工厂．p开头的单词，pleased满意的，be pleased with对……满意．符合语境．故答案为：pleased．‎ ‎3． divided 【解析】考查动词；分析语境，此处表示：有一些村民用一些木板把房子分成几个教室．d开头的单词，divide分开，divide……into把……分成……符合语境．根据语境，需要使用一般过去时，divide的过去式为divided．故答案为：divided．‎ ‎4．stop 【解析】考查动词；分析语境，此处表示：他们不得不停止工作，因为现在对他们来说，是最好的种植的时间．s开头，stop停止，stop doing停止做．符合语境．had to后面接动词原形．故答案为：stop．‎ ‎5．themselves 【解析】考查反身代词；分析语境，此处表示：所以，Mhangeni的孩子们决定自己完成这个房子，themselves他们自己，符合语境．故答案为：themselves．‎ ‎6．spread 【解析】考查动词；此处意思为：关于这个项目的消息传播出去，很多人都知道它了．s开头，spread传播，符合语境．根据语境，此处需要用一般过去时，spread的过去式是spread．故答案为：spread．‎ ‎7．actions 【解析】考查名词；分析语境，此处表示：而且，两个外国游客也被孩子们的行动感动了．a开头的词，action行动，可数名词，此处表示孩子们的行动，用可数名词的复数形式．故答案为：actions．‎ ‎8．ready 【解析】考查形容词；分析语境，此处表示：经过10天的努力工作后，新学校已经准备好了．r开头的词，ready准备好的．符合语境．故答案为：ready．‎ ‎9．difficulties 【解析】考查名词；分析语境，此处表示：除此之外，他们还面临了很多困难．d开头，difficulty困难，可数名词，前面有many，此处需要用名词复数形式．difficulty的复数形式是difficulties．故答案为：difficulties．‎ ‎10．especially 【解析】考查副词；分析语境，此处表示：然而，孩子们很开心在学校里学习﹣﹣尤其是在他们帮助建的新学校里．e开头的词，especially尤其．符合语境．故答案为：especially．‎ ‎【点评】此类题目，需要分析语境，并且需要熟记单词，再结合语法结构，便可得出正确答案．‎ Passage 2（2019 •湖北省武汉市）‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处写出各单词的正确形式，单词的第一个字母已给出。‎ It was at an exhibition of the artist’s works organized by the Red Cross. I was invited as a special g___51___to ‎ attend the exhibition. During this period, two cute girls of 16 or 17 years old came to me and asked me for my signature(签名).‎ ‎“I haven’t brought my pen. Is the p___52___okay?” Actually, I knew they wouldn’t r___53___. I just wanted to show a well-known writer’s good manners to the c___54___readers. ‎ ‎“Certainly,” the young girls readily a___55___. I could see they were very excited. Of course, their excitement also made me feel more pleased and satisfied. One of the girls h___56___her fine notebook to me. I turned over the cover of the notebook, wrote a few words of encouragement n____57____and signed my name. The girl read my signature, frowned (皱眉), looked at me carefully and asked, “Aren’t you Robert Char?”‎ ‎“No,” I told her proudly, “I’m the author of Alice Adams, the w___58___of two Pulitzer Prizes.”‎ The young girl turned to the o___59___,shrugged (耸肩) and said, “Mary, lend your rubber to me.” At that moment, all my p____60____turned into a bubble (泡泡) immediately. Since then, I always warn myself: no matter how outstanding you are, don’t think highly of yourself.‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎【文章大意】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述我应邀参加红十字会举办的艺术家作品展，之前我非常的自豪和骄傲。两个小女孩找我要签名，我给其中一个女孩签完名后，女孩非常吃惊，我不是罗伯特查尔，我在那里自夸自己获得两次普利策奖。然而这个小女孩向另一个小女孩借了橡皮擦掉了我的签名。自此，作者经常警示自己：无论你多么优秀，不要过高地赞扬你自己。‎ ‎51. guest 句意“我作为一个特邀嘉宾参加了这个展览”。根据句意可知，表示“特邀嘉宾”。guest客人，且根据空前a可知，用单数，故填guest。‎ ‎52. pencil 句意“我没带钢笔，铅笔可以吗？”。根据Mary, lend your rubber to me可知，一个女孩向另一个女孩借橡皮擦我的签名，所以空处表示“铅笔”。pencil铅笔，且根据is可知，用单数，故填pencil。‎ ‎53. refuse 句意“事实上，我知道他们不会拒绝”。根据I just wanted to show a well-known writer’s good manners to the c___4___readers可知，我认为她们不会拒绝，我只想向普通的读者展示一个著名的作家的好的行为。refuse拒绝，且根据空前wouldn’t可知，用动词原形，故填refuse。‎ ‎54. common 句意“我仅仅想向普通的读者展示一个著名的作家的好的行为”。根据首字母可知，表示“普通的读者”。common普通的，故填common。‎ ‎55. agreed 句意““当然”，这个小女孩很乐意地同意了”。根据文意可知，我没有带钢笔，所以问他们铅笔可不可以，他们同意用铅笔。agree同意，且根据全文可知，用一般过去时，故填agreed。‎ ‎56. handed 句意“其中的一个小女孩将她精美的笔记本递给我”。根据文意可知，小女孩找我要签名，所以他们将本子递给我。hand递，且根据全文可知，用一般过去时，故填handed。‎ ‎57. naturally 句意“我翻开笔记本的封面，自然而然地写了几个鼓励的词并且签了我的名字”。根据句意可知，表示很自然地写下几个鼓励的单词，且空处修饰动词wrote，用副词，故填naturally。‎ ‎58. winner 句意“我是《寂寞芳心》的作者，两次普利策奖的获得者”。根据I told her proudly可知，表示我很自豪地告诉他们我是两次普利策奖的获奖者。winner赢家，获奖者，都是指“我”，用单数，故填winner。‎ ‎59. other 句意“这个年轻的女孩转向另一个女孩，耸耸肩说：把你的橡皮借给我”。根据During this period, two cute girls of 16 or 17 years old came to me and asked me for my signature可知，是两个女孩，所以表示“两者中另一个”，用the other，故填other。‎ ‎60. pride 句意“在那个时候，所有我的自豪立刻都变成了泡沫”。根据I just wanted to show a well-known writer’s good manners to the c___4___readers以及“No,” I told her proudly可知，之前我很自豪，所以我的自豪变成了泡沫。根据空前my可知，空处用名词。pride自豪，故填pride。‎ Passage 3（2019 •泰州市）‎ 根据短文内容及首字母提示，补全空格内单词，使短文完整、通顺。 ‎ Everyone knows that second-hand smoke is as dangerous as first-hand smoke. But have you h_____71_____ of "third-hand" smoke?‎ Third-hand smoke means the pollution left on the surfaces (表面) of things around, l______72______ furniture or clothes. When someone smokes in a room, poisonous particles(粒子) in tobacco (烟草) smoke land on the surfaces of the furniture or his clothes, even after the cigarette (香烟) has been put out. This can cause a great danger to your family, e_____73_____younger children. ‎ Babies have only just learned to walk. They are more likely to be harmed by third-hand smoke. This is b_____74_____ they are often close to surfaces of things. Such as floors, walls and furniture where tobacco particles remain. When they t_____75_____ these surfaces, they get their hands polluted.‎ So, it is necessary and important to say n_____76_____ to third-hand smoke. To achieve this, strict ‎ ‎ r_____77_____ for forbidding (禁止) smoking inside homes should be carved out. If one of your family members smokes, please make sure he smokes o____78____ the house. Get him a special jacket and hat, so once he f_____79_____ smoking, he will take them off before getting inside the house. Moreover, make sure that a smoker washes his hands and face, and changes his clothes before picking up the baby.‎ Many times, you cannot see the smoke doing harm to your child, but it doesn't mean he or she is s_______80_______". Give up smoking, or if that is not possible, make sure that your loved ones, far away from third-hand smoke.‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎【文章大意】本文介绍了“三手”烟的危害。“三手”烟是指：附着在家具或衣服等周围物体表面上的烟草颗粒。这会对家庭，尤其是年幼的孩子造成很大的危险。因为婴儿刚学会走路，当他们接触这些表面时，他们的手会受到污染。因此对第三手烟说“不”是必要和重要的。应该制定严格的规定禁止在家里吸烟。‎ ‎71. heard 句意：但是你听说过“三手”烟吗？由语境和首字母提示可知，填：hear；hear of：听说。分析句子But have you h_____71_____ of "third-hand" smoke?的结构可知，本题为现在完成时的一般疑问句，其结构是：助动词has/have+动词的过去分词。故答案为：heard。‎ ‎72. like 句意：第“三手”烟是指家具或衣服等周围物体表面上的污染物。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：like；like在这里用来表示举例，所以答案为：like。‎ ‎73. especially 句意：这会对你的家庭，尤其是年幼的孩子造成很大的危险。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：especially；especially是个副词，表示陈述某一事实之后，列举一个具有代表性的例子，作进一步强调，其后可接名词、介词短语、从句等。本题就是这种用法，用especially来列举一个具有代表性的例子（younger children），来进一步强调“三手”烟的危害。故答案为：especially。‎ ‎74. because 句意：这是因为它们经常接近如地板、墙壁和家具上残留着烟草颗粒的物体的表面。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：because；根据Babies have only just learned to walk. They are more likely to be harmed by third-hand smoke. 婴儿刚学会走路。他们更有可能受到第三手烟的伤害。可知，因为婴儿刚学会走路，所以他们会扶着这些物体，因此接触的机会就多，因此会受到危害。这里解释了婴儿受到危害的原因，故答案为：because。‎ ‎75. touch 句意：当他们接触这些表面时，他们的手会受到污染。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：touch；主句they get their hands polluted. 他们的手会受到污染。可知，本题的时态为一般现在时，因此再由when引导的时间状语从句中也用一般现在时，主语they是复数，因此谓语用动词原形。故答案为：touch。‎ ‎76. no 句意：所以，对第三手烟说“不”是必要和重要的。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：no；say no to：对……说“不”；这里是指拒绝三手烟。故答案为：no。‎ ‎77. rules 句意：为此，应制定严格的规定禁止在家里吸烟。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：rule；根据forbidding (禁止) smoking inside homes禁止在家里吸烟，中的homes是复数，因此前面的名词应该用复数形式。故答案为：rules。‎ ‎78. outside 句意：如果你的一个家庭成员有吸烟的，请确保他在屋外吸烟。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：outside；根据To achieve this, strict r_____77_____ for forbidding (禁止) smoking inside homes should be carved out. 应制定严格的规定禁止在家里吸烟。可知，如果你的一个家庭成员有吸烟的，应该是让他在屋外吸烟。故答案为：outside。‎ ‎79. finished 句意：给他买一件特别的夹克和帽子，等他抽完烟，他就在进屋前把它们脱掉。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：finish；根据he will take them off before getting inside the house. 他就在进屋前把它们脱掉。可知，进屋前，烟已经吸完了，因此动作是发生在过去。故用一般过去时，所以答案为：finished。‎ ‎80. safe 句意：很多时候，你看不到烟对你的孩子有害，但这并不意味着他或她是安全的。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：safe；根据but表示转折，说明：尽管看不到烟对孩子的危害，但这并不意味着他或她是安全的。因此才有了下文的Give up smoking, or if that is not possible, make sure that your loved ones, far away from third-hand smoke. 戒烟，或者如果不可能的话，确保你所爱的人远离三手烟。所以答案为：safe。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 英语首字母填空技巧 ‎1. 通读短文知大意，看整体全面了解来源：‎ 与阅读理解题和其它类型的完形填空一样，首先要通读短文，了解文章的大意。每篇短文段落之间必然承上启下、前呼后应。因此通读全文时要一气呵成，只要能了解短文的大意即可，细节不理解可以跳过。因此，在解题之前通读一遍短文，目的是对文章有个全面的了解，弄清其中心思想和大意。‎ ‎2. 复读短文抓信息，前后照应巧猜词 在了解文章大意的前提之下再次通读短文，目的是对短文有更进一步的了解。在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头（一般不设空）和结尾，它们能提供主要的信息，帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想。在阅读过程中，要注意上、下文的关系，这对于把握文章的整体意义大有用处。另外，要学会跳读，即对不理解的地方采用暂时回避的方式，待真正理解全文之后再找解决的方法。有些短文填空题，有时出现约 3%~5% 的生词是很正常的，这就要求学生根据构词知识或上、下文的意思加以猜测，来确定它的词义。‎ ‎3. 反复推敲多分析，慎重答题讲合理 再次通读短文，对留空的句子进行全面的分析，看它在全文中所处的位置、作用和意义。这一遍阅读要求是精心阅读，要留心找出关键词、短语或句子，还要结合所给首字母的提示，进行填写，并注意单词的正确形式。例如：第3小题，句意：这会对你的家庭，尤其是年幼的孩子造成很大的危险。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：especially；especially是个副词，表示陈述某一事实之后，列举一个具有代表性的例子，作进一步强调，其后可接名词、介词短语、从句等。本题就是这种用法，用especially来列举一个具有代表性的例子（younger children），来进一步强调“三手”烟的危害。故答案为：especially。‎ ‎4. 认真复查全文，把握整体和词形来源：‎ 做完以后，再认真读一遍，检查所填写的单词是否与文章要求相符，文章是否通顺，前后是否呼应，有无句型结构及语法错误。‎ Passage 5（2019 •四川省南充市）‎ 根据短文内容和首字母提示，把文中所缺词语补充出来，使短文完整正确（每空限填一词），并将该单词的完整形式写在答题卡相应编号后的横线上。‎ In some western countries, some people don't like the number 13 because they think 13 is an unlucky number. For example, they don't like to live on the thirteenth floor. One evening, Mr. Smith asked some friends to get t ______56______ . When all of his friends arrived, he asked them to sit at the table for d______57______. He began to c______58______ the people. Suddenly, he cried out, "Oh, there are thirteen people here!" Everyone's face looked pale e ______59______ Mr. Brown. He said with a smile, "Don't won't, my friends. My wife will have a baby in a few weeks. So we have f ______60______ people here." All of the friends became happy again. "Congratulations!" they said to Mr. Brown. They all had a good time that evening.‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎【文章大意】这篇短文主要讲述了在西方国家人们都不喜欢数字13，文中讲述了一个有趣的故事。‎ ‎56. together 句意：一天晚上，史密斯先生让几个朋友聚在一起。根据文中Mr. Smith asked some friends to可知这里是聚在一起。短语get together表示聚在一起。根据句意，故填together。‎ ‎57. dinner 句意：当他所有的朋友都到了，他请他们坐在桌旁吃饭。根据One evening, 和he asked them to sit at the table可知下文是他请他们坐在桌旁吃饭。dinner晚饭。根据句意，故填dinner。‎ ‎58. count 句意：他开始数人数。根据下文he cried out, "Oh, there are thirteen people here!"可知上文是说说数数字。count的意思是“数数”根据句意，故填count。‎ ‎59. except 句意：除了布朗先生，每个人的脸都显得苍白。except的意思是“除了”根据下文He said with a smile, "Don't wont', my friends. My wife will have a baby in a few weeks. So we have f ______60______ people here."可知这里是除了Mr. Brown。根据题意，故填except。‎ ‎60. fourteen 句意：所以我们这里有14个人。根据上文Don't wont', my friends. My wife will have a baby in ‎ a few weeks.可知这里是说14个人。根据句意，故填fourteen。‎ Passage 6（2019 •江苏省连云港市）‎ 根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。‎ Every year in early October, Albuquerque International Balloon Festival is h _____51_____ in Albuquerque, the biggest city in New Mexico. Because of the great number of balloons, it is the world's 1 ______52______ ballooning event. For more than 30 years, guests from all over the world come to Albuquerque in October to celebrate ballooning. In 2018, over 900, 000 people a_____53_____ this event. There were over 500 balloons in the event with over 1,000 pilots. When h ______54______ of colorful balloons flew up high, the sky of Albuquerque became a moving cartoon. It was full of colors and special characters. It was a time when d ______55______came true and romance filled the sky. Grown-ups and children were amazed and joyful during the balloon festival.‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎【文章大意】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述阿尔伯克基国际气球节，成年人和孩子们在节日上玩得都很开心。‎ ‎51. held 句意“每年10月份早期，阿尔伯克基国际气球节在新墨西哥州的阿尔伯克基举行”。根据句意可知，译为“举行”。hold举行，且主语Albuquerque International Balloon Festival与谓语hold之间被动be done，故填held。‎ ‎52. largest 句意“由于大量的气球，这是世界上最大的气球事件”。根据For more than 30 years, guests from all over the world come to Albuquerque in October to celebrate ballooning可知，译为最大的，用最高级，故填largest。‎ ‎53. attended 句意“在2018年，超过90万人参加了这个事件”。根据句意可知，译为“参加”。attend参加，且根据in 2018可知，用一般过去时，故填attended。‎ ‎54. hundreds 句意“当成百上千个五彩缤纷的气球飞向天空时，阿尔伯克基的天空变成了移动的卡通”。根据句意可知，译为“成百上千”，hundreds of成百上千的，故填hundreds。‎ ‎55. dreams 句意“那是一个梦想成真、浪漫弥漫的时刻”。根据句意可知，译为“梦想成真”。dream梦想，且根据句意可知，用复数，故填dreams。‎