中考英语复习讲与练课件考点强化训练，动词的时态+完形填空+阅读理解 112页

一、根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空 1.(2018北京)—Paul，what were you doing at nine last night？ —I _________________ (watch) a movie in the cinema with my friends. 2.(2018吉林)While Alan was writing a letter，the children ______________ (play) outside. 3.(2018临沂)The TV news reports that there ________ (be) a storm the day after tomorrow. will be was watching were playing 4.(2018安顺)—The weather report says that it will rain tomorrow in most parts of Anshun city. —If it _______ ，the school sports meet will be canceled.(rain) 5.(2018襄阳)The second C919 large passenger plane ____________ (complete) its first flight at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on December 17th,2017. 6.(2018扬州)Hi，guys，please write three facts you __________ (learn) last term in your project. learnt rains completed 7.(2018北京)David，a tennis player， ________ (begin) to play tennis when he was six years old. 8.(2018武汉)My Sister _________ (play) the piano very well，but she hasn't had time to play recently. 9.(2018宜宾)—I can't find Jimmy.Where is he？ —He ___________ (work) in the garden at the moment. 10.(2018江西)We ____________________________ (have) a party for Kate.It's supposed to be a surprise. will have/are going to have began plays is working 11.(2018河南)—Honey，where are you？ —I _______________ (come).Just let me put on my shoes. 12.(2018上海)The film Operation Red Sea ____________ (win) a lot of praise since its first show months ago. 13.(2018黄冈)—Your new watch is so nice！When did you buy it？ —In April.I _____________ (have) it for two months. have had am coming has won 14.(2018河北)I _____________ (receive) an invitation to the concert.I can't wait to go. 15.(2018扬州)—When will your sister go to England？ —She ___________ (be) in London since four months ago. 16.(2018青岛)—It's time to work now. —OK.I'll wake Carl up.He __________ (be) asleep for an hour. 17.(2018福建A卷)China ___________ (make) great achievements in science and technology since 1978. has made have received has been has been 18.(2018河北)Gary is the best singer in my class.No one else _______ (sing) so well. 19.(2018乌鲁木齐)While Nick _____________ (watch) CCTV News，someone knocked at the door. 20.(2018乐山)—Did you watch the basketball match on TV last night？ —I wanted to，but my father _______________ (watch) his favourite TV programme. was watching sings was watching 二、动词应用 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词或情态动词。 Zhang Lanping ______________________________ (teach) for more than thirty years now，but what makes her special is her pair of crutches(双拐).The courageous teacher from Gansu Province was seriously ill when she was only one year old. 21.has taught/has been teaching She was not able to walk well herself and ____________________ (use) crutches for the rest of her life.This condition，however，has not weaken Zhang's spirit.Instead，it _______________ (make) her stronger to thirsty for bigger dreams.When she was a student，Zhang ________ (put) her heart into learning knowledge，which she believes would make her a successful teacher. 24.put 22.had to use/must use 23.has made After graduation，Zhang wanted a job as a college teacher but she _______________ (turn) down because of her physical disability.Zhang did not give up and was finally accepted as a primary shool teacher in her home town in Gansu Province. For ablebodied people，it __________ (take) only six minutes to reach school，but Zhang has to spend one hour from home to her work place using crutches. 26.takes 25.was turned Zhang recalled that one winter day，she slipped and fell in snow，but still tried _____________ (reach) school on time. In 1997，Zhang spent 1‚000 yuan from her savings ____________ (put) up a reading corner she named“Enlightenment”. 28.putting 27.to reach 一、动词应用 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词或情态动词。 A(2018威海) When you're sitting in class，have you ever drawn pictures in the margins of your notebooks？If so，your teacher might have told you ____________ (stop).Many people think of doodling(涂鸦) as a distraction(精神涣散) from more important things.But it might be just the opposite. 1.to stop One study shows that doodling may help you remember things you hear.In 2009 researchers asked two groups of people to listen to a phone message.One group ___________________ (encourage) to doodle，but the other was not.Neither group knew that it would be asked to remember information from the message.But the group that doodled ________________ (remember) 29 percent more. 3.remembered 2.was encouraged Other people _______________ (suggest) other uses for drawing.Jesse Prinz，a professor who studies doodling，says it can help you think creatively.Walking away from a problem to draw might actually help you solve it.When you come back，you _______________ (have) a fresh perspective and figure out an answer more quickly. 5.will have 4.have suggested Two years ago，an author named Sunni Brown _________ (write) a book on doodling.She argues that doodling is a tool that can help people think.She admits that people see doodling as doing nothing，but she wants to change that.In fact，she runs a business that helps companies improve organization and planning through doodling.Brown ___________ (believe) doodling is helpful because it incorporates(整合) many ways of learning. 6.wrote 7.believes You learn in four ways：seeing，hearing，reading or writing，and through movement.The more ways you use，the better you learn.And when you doodle while you ________________ (listen) to a lecture，you use all four. 8.are listening You might think that being good at ____________ (draw) is important for doodling.But if the point of doodling is to help you think，then it doesn't matter what the picture _________ (look) like.Even if you're not an artist，doodling can help you.So next time you need help focusing，pick up a pen and doodle away！ 9.drawing 10.looks B(2018东营) It's a sun shining winter afternoon.In a small yard in Luss，Scotland，Kate and Effie ____________ (tie) the baskets to the branches(树枝) of the Christmas tree and filling them with corns.The children _______________________________ (work) busily but happily for many hours，making the little baskets for the birds. 12.have worked/have been working 11.are tying Many birds come in.Some are eating，and others are dancing. Even the pretty blue jay(蓝松鸦) ____________ (forget) to be pretty.When he has eaten his fill，he is flying away，crying “Thanks，thanks！” What a happy life the tree brings to the birds and the children！But two weeks ago，the tree ________ nearly cut into firewood. 13.forgets 14.was Two weeks ago，the Christmas tree was once in the living room.Kate and Effie，and Sue and Tom，had a happy Christmas Day，for the tree was hung with gifts for them all. One day，when the children ________________ (play) games around the tree，John came and told them that he was going to carry it into the woodshed. “What _______ you going to do with it，John？” the children asked. 15.were playing 16.are “I want to cut it into firewood，” answered John. “Oh，don't！” cried the children.“Our beautiful tree！Let us ________ (have) it a little longer！” “What will you do with it？” asked John. “We _______________ (put) it in the yard and make a Christmas tree for the birds，” replied the children. So John carried the tree into the yard.There it ________ (stand) in the white snow，spreading out its beautiful green branches. 18.can/will put 19.stood 17.have “Now” cried Effie，“let us make some baskets __________ (fill) corns.Then we will tie them to the tree for the birds.” What happened next？As you can see at the beginning of the story，the birds are living happily.With the birds and the tree，the children are also very happy.It is hard to tell which are happier，the birds or the children.I believe the tree is the happiest of all. 20.to fill 二、阅读理解(2018宁波模拟) Before you visit other countries，there are some taboos(禁忌) you need to pay attention to.Or you may have unpleasant experiences.The following are taboos in three countries，Singapore，Japan and France. Singapore,You can get fined for a lot of things in Singapore，including feeding birds，spitting(吐痰) and smoking in public， eating or drinking on buses or trains.Japan,You're not supposed to wear your shoes in someone's house，but you are not supposed to take your shoes off outside the house，either.There is a small area inside the door called a “genkan” where you should take off your shoes.France,French people don't like it when you talk about money.If you give up your job because of the pay，you should never say the number of the money you are paid.Money is considered to be a “dirty” topic in France. ( )21.Which of the following things can you do in Singapore？ A.Smoke at home. B.Spit in the zoo. C.Drink on the bus. D.Feed birds on the street. A ( )22.Where can you take off your shoes in Japan？ A.In the house. B.In the bathroom. C.In a “genkan”. D.Outside the house. C ( )23.If you want to give up your job in France，what CAN'T you say to your boss？ A.My home is too far away from the office. B.Being a bank clerk is not suitable for me. C.Sir，I want to change a working environment. D.1‚000 yuan a month is not enough to support my family. D 1 答题技巧指导 ► 1. 突破首句，获取尽可能多的信息 重视首句、突破首句。完形填空题所选用短文的第一句话通常是不设空的，目的是给考生一个整体印象，同时提示短文的中心内容或提供故事发生的时间、地点、背景等。 ►2. 通读全文，把握文章的基本脉络 做完形填空题应着眼于语篇理解，因为完形填空题中干扰项的设置极具迷惑性，如果操之过急，见空就填，可能会 “ 只见树木，不见森林 ” 。因此，正确的做法是先快速浏览全文，理清文章脉络，掌握文章大意，了解作者意图，为下一步去逐个解题寻找判断的依据。同时，通读全文也解决了那些需要通过上下文或联系语篇语境的题目。 为了快速浏览全文，掌握大意，在阅读过程中要特别注意文章和段落的首尾句，因为这些句子往往就是整个篇章或段落的主题思想。它还能让你很快了解文章的体裁、形式、涉及的内容及作者的意图。获得这些重要信息，对接下来的做题至关重要。 ►3.研读全文，初步确定答案 掌握了文章的大意后，就为进一步做题奠定了基础。这时应细读全文，按照文章内容的前后顺序并结合备选答案，边读边分析，边推断正确选项。同时，对试题的测试部分(即文中空格)要进行认真分析。一般的设空词有语用固定型和语境逻辑型两大类。语用固定型题目一般是较为常见的语法结构、词汇及习语等，这部分试题可先行解决。在先行解决一部分试题后，部分语句已经通畅，也就有了更为完整的信息，这有助于进一步了解语篇及作者意图。再经过对已知信息的分析、推理，语境逻辑型试题也会迎刃而解。 当然，在做题过程中也会有一部分题目的四个选项填到空格中时，每一个单独的语句都是符合语法规则的，这时考生就应该利用已知信息，挖掘深层含义，联系上下文，根据文章的主旨和语境要求，把握词义的细微差别，排除干扰项。 ► 4. 复读全文，全面验证答案 填完空格后，重读全文，这也是解题过程中至关重要的一环。此时考生对文章已经有了一个相对完整的了解，对文章的理解也更进了一步，也就摸清了文章内在发展的逻辑关系。而如果在此时再读一遍文章，就有可能会发现一些其他原来没有注意到的问题，同时根据对语篇的理解及内在的联系，反复推敲，比较异同，从中选择一个最符合文章意义的答案。 【典例分析】 (2018 金华 / 丽水 ) 　　 One morning ， when I was leaving for my business ， a middleaged man came up and asked me for help.He said he had no 　 1 　 to get food for his large family. “ You look 　 2 　 .Why don' t you work ？ ” I asked. “ Simply because I cannot get work ， sir. ”“ If I give you work ， what pay do you want ？ ” “ 　 3 　 I can get bread for my family ， sir ， ” he answered. I decided to find out if he 　4　 meant what he said.“OK.I'll give you one pound an hour，if you will 　5　 a brick(砖) under your arm and walk around the square for five hours without stopping.” “Thank you，sir.I will.” I found a brick and started him on his walk before I went to my 　6　 .I never thought he would do what he had 　7　 . 【典例分析】 (2018 金华 / 丽水 ) 　　 One morning ， when I was leaving for my business ， a middleaged man came up and asked me for help.He said he had no 　 1 　 to get food for his large family. “ You look 　 2 　 .Why don' t you work ？ ” I asked. “ Simply because I cannot get work ， sir. ”“ If I give you work ， what pay do you want ？ ” “ 　 3 　 I can get bread for my family ， sir ， ” he answered. When I came back five hours later，I saw him 　8　 walking，with the brick under his arm. I stopped him and gave him 　9　 pounds.He thanked me and told me that some people had 　10　 to help him when they knew why he was doing all this.He would go and ask 　11　 for work.Before leaving，he asked if I would give him the 　12　 .I did. Several years later，a welldressed man greeted me on a train.Seeing I was not sure who he was，he 　13　 that he was the brick man and had his own business now.“You know，I still keep that brick and always value it as the most 　14　 thing I have as it has brought me luck and success.” 　15　 ，it was not the brick that made the man successful，but his faithfulness(坚定) in doing even a very little thing. 1.A.courage　　 B.money 　　C.plan　　 D.time 2.A.funny B.sick C.serious D.strong 3.A.As long as B.As soon as C.Even if D.Ever since 4.A.certainly B.simple C.really D.usually 5.A.break B.carry C.fix D.hide 6.A.business B.lesson C.programme D.research 7.A.planned B.prepared C.promised D.suggested 8.A.also B.already C.even D.still 9.A.four B.five C.six D.seven 10.A.continued B.forgotten C.offered D.refused 11.A.him B.them C.me D.her 12.A.brick B.chance C.job D.bread 13.A.explained B.imagined C.realised D.supposed 14.A.beautiful B.expensive C.important D.interesting 15.A.As a result B.At last C.In a word D.In fact 【文章大意】文章主要介绍了一个贫穷的人因一块砖而逆袭的故事。这个故事告诉我们，无论做什么事情，态度非常关键。 1.B [解析]考查名词辨析。A勇气；B钱；C计划；D时间。根据前面asked me for help(寻求帮助)，后面应该是没钱为大家庭买食物，故答案是B。 2.D [解析]考查形容词辨析。A有趣的；B病的；C严肃的；D强壮的；根据后面Why don't you work？(你为什么不工作？)应该是看起来很强壮，故答案是D。 3.A [解析]考查短语辨析。A只要，如果，既然；B一……就……；C即使；D从那时起。根据“I give you work，what pay do you want？”“(3) I can get bread for my family，sir，” he answered.(“我给你工作，你想要多少薪水？”“(3)我可以为我的家人买面包，”他回答)这里应该是只要，故答案是A。 4.C [解析]考查副词辨析。A一定地；B简单地；C真正地；D通常。根据I decided to find out if he (4) meant what he said.(我决定查明他(4)意味着他说的话)，这里应该是真正地，故答案是C。 5.B [解析]考查动词辨析。A打破；B携带；C修理；D隐藏。根据(5) a brick under your arm and walk around the square for five hours without stopping(在你的胳膊底下(5)一块砖走5个小时不停)，这里应该是携带，故答案是B。 6.A [解析]考查名词辨析。A生意；B课；C节目；D研究。根据前面when I was leaving for my business(当我离开去做生意的时候)，可知这里是继续做生意，故答案是A。 7.C [解析]考查动词辨析。A计划；B准备；C承诺；D建议。根据I never thought he would do what he had(我从未想过他会做)，应该是他所承诺的，故答案是C。 8.D [解析]考查副词辨析。A也；B已经；C甚至；D仍然。根据When I came back five hours later，I saw him(8)walking，with the brick under his arm.(我五小时后回来的时候，我看见他(8)走路，砖头在胳膊下)，这里指仍然在走，故答案是D。 9.B [解析]考查数词辨析。A 4；B 5；C 6；D 7。根据上文I'll give you one pound an hour(一小时给1英镑)，这里When I came back five hours later(5个小时后回来)，可知走了5个小时，应该是给5英镑，故答案是B。 10.C [解析]考查动词辨析。A继续；B忘记；C提供；D拒绝。根据后面for work工作，可知前面应该是有为他提供了帮助，故答案是C。 11.B [解析]考查代词辨析。A他；B他们；C我；D她。根据He would go and ask (11) for work，结合前面很多人提供了帮助，这里应该是向他们寻求工作，故答案是B。 12.A [解析]考查名词辨析。A砖；B机会；C工作；D面包。根据下文I still keep that brick(我仍然保留着那块砖)，可知这里应该是要了那块砖，故答案是A。 13.A [解析]考查动词辨析。A解释；B想像；C意识；D支持。根据Seeing I was not sure who he was ，he (13) that he was the brick man and had his own business now.(看到我不确定他是谁，他(13)说他是个砖匠，现在有了自己的生意.)这里应该是解释说，故答案是A。 14.C [解析]考查形容词辨析。A漂亮的；B贵的；C重要的；D有趣的。根据后面it has brought me luck and success. (它给我带来了好运和成功)，这里应该是最重要的东西，故答案是C。 15.D [解析]考查短语辨析。A结果；B最后；C总之；D事实。根据it was not the brick that made the man successful，but his faithfulness in doing even a very little thing(使这个人成功的不是砖头，而是他在做一件小事时的坚定)，这里应该是事实上符合语境，故答案是D。 A(滨州改编) 　　One day，when Confucius(孔子) and his students were walking through a large forest，they 　1　 an old man standing under a tree，catching cicadas(蝉) with a bamboo stick.Confucius was 　2　 and asked，“How could you catch the cicadas so easily？Do you have any special 　3　 ？” “Yes，”the old man answered.“There are many cicadas in this forest.But it is difficult to catch them.The cicada is a 　4　 little insect.If they hear the noise of the leaves in the wind，they will fly away 　5　 .Therefore，people who want to catch cicadas must 　6　 their hands to hold a bamboo stick without shaking.If you can 　7　 three pellets(弹珠) on the top of the bamboo stick without falling off，catching cicadas is as 　8　 as picking a ball up from the ground.At the same time，I have to say one can 　 9　 make it without practising again and again.” He then added，“But that is not enough.People must be good at 　10　 themselves.Right now，I am standing under a tree like half of a tree stump(树桩)，with my 　11　 reaching out like part of a withered twig(枯萎的树枝).Last of all，one must be attentive(专注的). 　12　 I am catching cicadas，I only see the cicada's wings.No matter what happens， 　13　 will distract(使……分神) me.” Hearing this，Confucius 　14　 his students and said，“No matter what you do，you can only succeed if you love what you're doing and 　15　 it.This is what this old man has taught us.” ( )1.A.heard 　B.saw 　C.stopped 　D.kept ( )2.A.happy B.afraid C.angry D.surprised ( )3.A.skills B.habits C.reasons D.hobbies ( )4.A.clever B.crazy C.lazy D.lovely ( )5.A.angrily B.proudly C.quickly D.happily B D A A C ( )6.A.wash B.dry C.train D.touch ( )7.A.buy B.throw C.place D.collect ( )8.A.easy B.heavy C.tiring D.interesting ( )9.A.always B.often C.sometimes D.hardly ( )10.A.teaching B.changing C.hiding D.helping C C A D C ( )11.A.leg B.arm C.hand D.head ( )12.A.Although B.When C.Because D.Unless ( )13.A.nothing B.something C.everything D.anything ( )14.A.worried about B.laughed at C.looked for D.turned to ( )15.A.take pride in B.look forward to C.pay attention to D.think about B B A D C B(原创) 　　It is often said that eyes can speak.Eyes do speak because our eyes can clearly 　1　 much meaning. Do you have such experiences？On a bus，you may look at a　 2　 ，but not too long.And if he 　3　 that he is being stared at(凝视)，he may feel uncomfortable.Similarly，if you are looked at longer than necessary，you may look at yourself up and down to see whether there is something 　4　 with you.If everything is OK，you will feel 　5　 that others stare at you that way. Looking at someone too long seems to be a little 　6　 .But things are 　7　 when it comes to staring at the opposite sex(性别).If a man looks at a woman for more than 10 seconds，that means he 　8　 to attract her attention. However，the 　9　 of eye contact in conversation is that the speaker wants to make sure the 　10　 does pay attention to what he is saying. If a speaker looks at you all the time when speaking，as if he tries to take 　11　 of you，you will feel uneasy.A 　12　 liar(说谎者) usually exposes(暴露) himself by looking too long at the listener，because he trusts the wrong idea that looking straight in the eye is a sign of 　13　 communication. In fact，continuous eye contact is useful to lovers only，who will 　14　 looking at each other gently for a long time，to show love that words cannot 　15　 . Generally speaking，eye contact should be done according to the relationship between two people and the specific situation. ( )1.A.drop B.bring C.carry D.get ( )2.A.friend B.stranger C.driver D.classmate ( )3.A.explains B.replies C.shows D.realises ( )4.A.attractive B.important C.common D.wrong ( )5.A.angry B.happy C.sad D.proud C B D D A ( )6.A.stupid B.kind C.rude D.polite ( )7.A.horrible B.different C.difficult D.suitable ( )8.A.wishes B.chooses C.continues D.refuses ( )9.A.level B.award C.service D.purpose ( )10.A.listener B.stranger C.keeper D.speaker C B A D A ( )11.A.place B.control C.notice D.care ( )12.A.poor B.rich C.smart D.cheap ( )13.A.necessary B.intellectual C.honest D.unknown ( )14.A.remember B.enjoy C.practise D.dislike ( )15.A.discover B.express C.press D.experience B A C B B 1 答题技巧指导 ►1.猜词析义题 此类试题测试考生根据上下文理解推测并判断该词或句子在文章中的确切含义的能力。 猜词析义题的解题技巧为： (1)判断某些生词有没有猜测的必要。 (2)根据定义、解释来猜测。 如：A calendar is a timetable of the days，weeks，months of a certain year. 从所下的定义a timetable of the days，weeks，months of a certain year中可以猜出calendar的意思为“日历”。 (3)根据构词法，派生、合成、转化来猜测。 如：When a wise person misuses his wisdom，he will do a great harm to society. 我们都知道use的意思是“使用”，mis是否定前缀，所以可猜出该词的意思为“误用”。 (4)根据同义词、反义词关系或对比、转折关系来猜测。 如：Unlike his brother，who is a handsome man，John is quite homely. 从unlike可看出John和他哥哥(弟弟)正好相反，他哥哥(弟弟)是用handsome来形容的，由此可猜出homely的意思是“不好看的”。 (5)根据同位语关系来猜测。 如：Alexander Graham Bell was born in 1847 in Edinburgh，Scotland.His father is an expert in phonetics，the study of the sounds of language. 由phonetics的同位语从句the study of the sounds of language可猜出该词的意思为“语音学”。 (6)根据因果关系来猜测。 如：She felt grieved，for her parents both died weeks ago. 由该词后的原因状语从句for her parents both died weeks ago可猜出该词的意思为“悲痛的”。 (7)根据上下文线索猜测。 如：The lack of movement caused the muscles(肌肉) to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the player could never play the sport again. 由上文The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken知道是：运动的缺乏导致肌肉萎缩，以及下文So the player could never play the sport again知道：这位运动员再也无法做运动了，可以猜出permanent的意思为“永久的，永恒的”。 (8)根据生活常识和经验来猜测。 如：In old days，when girls from rich families were married to their husbands，they expected to bring with themselves with a large amount of dowry. 上文提到了girls from rich families were married to their husbands来自富有家庭的女孩要出嫁，可猜出她们当然希望带上大量的“嫁妆”。 ►2.细节理解题 此类题就是我们常见的wh题，有些问题可以在文中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化理解后才能找到，比如说通过计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。具体方法为：先用寻读法找出与问题相关的词语或句子，再对相关的部分进行细读，找出正确答案。 细节理解题的解题技巧为： (1)直接事实题：解答此类问题时要求抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。 (2)间接事实题：解答此类题需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断，梳理一下文章的脉络，找出支持每个现象的句子。所以做间接事实题时，A、B、C、D四个选项要全看。 通常以下列形式出现： ①Which of the following is TRUE？ ②Which of the following is NOT true？ ③Which of the following is WRONG？ ④From the passage we know 　　　　 . ►3.推理判断题 此类题要求考生透过表面文字信息去推测文章隐含的意义，检测考生的逻辑判断能力。考生要领会材料的抽象含义以及全篇的逻辑关系，并根据常识，或者依靠推理、判断得出结论。通常以这样的形式出现：What can you infer from the passage？ 推理判断题的解题技巧为： (1)推断题最主要的方法是根据词义关系推断具体细节，要对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事、以偏概全。 (2)根据文章的内容，进行合理地判断，切忌根据自己的观点或已有的经验去揣测。 (3)把握作者的观点、态度或写作的目的，借助上下文，领会“弦外之音”，避免“自己想当然”。 ►4.主旨大意题 此类题用来检测考生是否拥有掌握阅读材料的主旨或大意的能力。通常以下列形式出现： ①The main idea of the passage is 　　　　. ②The passage is about 　　　　. ③What is the best title of the passage？ ④What's the writer's purpose of writing this article？ ⑤Which may be the best title for the passage？ 主旨大意题的解题技巧为： (1)首先要搞清楚是问某一段还是全文的大意。可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。 (2)如有标题，标题中所蕴含的信息往往是关键信息；同时也要关注文章的首尾(那往往是文章的主题句)，或每段的首句(那往往是该段的主题句)。 (3)任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫主题词。抓住了它也就抓住了文章的中心。 (4)学会捕捉作者的态度、意图，即通常所谓“弦外之音，言外之意”，从而了解作者写这篇文章的目的所在。总之，做阅读题要记得：一读，二找，三思，四查。 ►5.结构顺序题 常见提问方式： ①How is the passage organized？ ②Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage？ ③The author develops the passage mainly by... 结构顺序题的解题技巧为： (1)注意主题段。主题段通常在文章的开头，简要概括了文章的中心思想。 (2)找出或者总结每段的主题句。主题句可能在段落的开头，也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾。如何确定主题句的方法见主旨题之main idea型。 (3)最后根据每段主题确定段与段之间的结构关系，承上启下，使文章行文连贯，逻辑严密。为突出主题，作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章，通过举例、比较、类比等手法来透彻阐明主题观点。 【典例分析】(2018宁波) In our culture，the ability to make one's own decisions is important.John F.Kennedy's quote(引语)“Too often we enjoy the comfort of opinion without the discomfort of thought.” shows an unpleasant truth. Much of what we know and believe has been taught to us by others，and we often accept this information without spending much time thinking it over for ourselves. In today's world，we are being presented with information，ideas and beliefs，but many of them are against each other.Psychology(心理学) tells us that if we hear an idea enough times，or if it comes from someone we respect(尊敬)，we will probably believe that idea.In these cases，we base our opinions on the opinions of others.If each of us does not think about this information for ourselves and come to our own conclusions，we will become nothing more than parrots(鹦鹉) quoting the opinions of others. Examples of spreading fake news without thought can be seen on the Internet.Some people believe whatever they read and then share the story without thinking about the facts.All it takes is one quick click(点击) of the “share” button，and the story travels on its way to influence even more unthinking readers.This can cause serious problems. If we just stop for a moment to think about what we read and hear，and form our own opinions，we will be more thoughtful，more independent，and more creative people，but few take that time.Yet we need not lose heart over this bad habit.In fact，simply becoming aware(意识到) of it is the first step towards correcting it.Once we become aware that we tend(趋向) to hold opinions and beliefs without thinking them through，we can change that pattern of behaviour.Hopefully，we can learn to experience and enjoy the “discomfort of thought” and form our own opinions. 1. What's the purpose of this passage？ A.To describe how Internet news spreads. B.To explain why people don't have their own opinions. C.To tell people that they should have their own thoughts. D.To warn people not to believe other people's ideas. 2. The underlined word “fake” in Paragraph 4 probably means __. A.untrue　　　　　　 B.unhappy C.unfair D.unusual 3.How can we have our own opinions according to the passage？ A.By spreading the information we receive. B.By learning more about psychology. C.By quoting others' opinions like parrots. D.By thinking about what we read and hear. 4.We can probably find this passage in a book about 　　 . A.history B.education C.sports D.languages 【文章大意】这篇文章讨论了在当今社会一个人具有自己的观点、培养独立思考意识的重要性。 1.C　[句意]这篇文章的目的是什么？A.描述互联网新闻如何传播；B.解释人们为什么没有自己的观点；C.告诉人们他们应该有自己的想法；D.警告人们不要相信别人的想法。原文In our culture，the ability to make one's own decisions is important.(在我们的文化中，能做出自己的决定的能力很重要。)这一句说明了“独立思考”的重要性，要有自己的想法，故选C。 2.A　[句意]第4段中的划线词语“fake”可能意思是“不真实的”。A.不真实的；B.不高兴的；C.不公平的；D.不寻常的。原文Examples of spreading fake news without thought can be seen on the Internet.(在互联网上可以随处看到传播虚假新闻的例子。)，从后面可以看出人们会轻易相信并转发，不考虑事实情况(without thinking about the facts)，造成严重的问题(serious problems)，说明传播的是“虚假新闻”，故选A。 3.D　[句意]根据这篇文章，我们如何能够得出自己的观点？A.通过传播我们收到的信息；B.通过更多地了解心理学；C.通过像鹦鹉一样引用别人的观点；D.通过思考我们阅读到的和听到的内容。原文If we just stop for a moment to think about what we read and hear，and form our own opinions，we will be more thoughtful，more independent，and more creative people(如果我们暂时停下来思考我们阅读和听到的内容，并形成自己的观点，我们将更有思想、更独立、更有创造力)，这里作者就“如何得出自己的观点”提出了自己的建议，故选D。 4.B　[句意]我们可以在一本关于“教育”的书中找到这篇文章。A.历史；B.教育；C.运动；D.语言。这篇文章讨论的是具有独立思考能力的重要性，并提出了自己的建议，很有“教育意义”，可以说这篇文章来自一本教育类书籍，故选B。 A(金衢十二校2018年中考联合模拟) When the three children arrived at the tunnel，they looked up at the trees above it. “What's happening？” Peter said.“Look at the trees.They're moving.” He was right.The trees were sliding down the hill. “It's a landslide，” Roberta said.“There has been a lot of rain.The earth is soft.It is moving and bringing the trees with it.” “The are going to fall on the railway line，” Phyllis said.“There'll be an accident if the train hits them.We must stop the next train.” “How do we do that？” Peter said.“The next train is arriving at 11：29.That's in five minutes.And the train is only about fifteen kilometres away.” “We can run towards the train and wave to the driver，” Phyllis said. “He won't think there is anything wrong，” Roberta said.“We always wave to him.” “We need something red to wave，” Peter said.“Red is for danger.” “My petticoat is red，” Phyllis said.“I'll tear pieces off.” “Mother will be angry if you do that，” Roberta said.“Petticoats are expensive.” “People may die if there is an accident，” Peter said. “Petticoats aren't important.” Phyllis tore strips from the bottom of her petticoat.“We need sticks to tie the strips to，” Peter said.The children ran to a nearby tree.With his knife，Peter cut off three thin branches.He tied each of the strips of red petticoat to one of the branches. “Now we have red flags，” he said.“When we wave these，the engine driver will know something is wrong.He will stop the train and ask us what the matter is.” The children ran through the tunnel and waited at the other side for the train to come.They had to wait for a long time.Peter thought the watch must be wrong，but it was the train that was late.Then，the train arrived.The children waved their flags.Roberta was so excited that she fainted(晕). The engine driver saw the red flags and the children.He knew something was wrong.He stopped the train.Peter and Phyllis ran towards the engine.They shouted to the driver that there were trees on the line.The engine driver climbed down from his engine.He hurried to where Roberta way lying on the ground in a faint.He picked her up and carried her to the train and put her in a comfortable carriage. —From the Railway Children ( )1.How did the landslide come into being？ A.The earth was too thin to hold the trees. B.The heavy rain washed the earth away. C.The moving train shook the earth down. D.People cut down many trees on the hill. B ( )2.What was the danger according to Phyllis？ A.The train was running too fast. B.There would be a train accident. C.The children were walking on the railway. D.The landslide was coming to an end. B ( )3.What does Peter mean by saying“Petticoats aren't important？” A.That kind of coats aren't popular. B.That kind of coats aren't expensive. C.People's lives are more important. D.Children don't need expensive coats. C ( )4.What would happen to Roberta in the end？ A.She remained fainted. B.She forgot everything. C.Her mother beat her hard. D.She came back to life. D B(原创) There are more than seven billion people on the Earth，so it's hard to imagine only having one other of your kind to keep you company(陪伴) .But sadly，for the white rhinos，this situation recently turned into reality(现实). According to BBC News，the world's last surviving male northern white rhino，named Sudan，died in Kenya at the age of 45 on March 19,2018.His death means there are only two females—his daughter and granddaughter—remaining in the world. BBC News reported that by 2050,30 to 50 percent of all the world's species(物种) could be heading towards extinction.“It is human activity that speeds up the extinction，” it wrote. For example，as the World Wildlife Fund noted，the population of northern white rhinos in Africa was largely reduced because of the hunting problem in the 1970s and 1980s.And by turning forests and grasslands into roads and buildings，humans further drove these animals away from their natural home. Why is the white rhino so important？The answer is down to biodiversity(生物多样性). According to National Geographic，“All species are connected.They depend on one another.With less biodiversity，these connections become weaker and sometimes broken，harming all the species in the ecosystem(生态系统).” Luckily，efforts are being made to save the white rhino with the help of new technologies. ( )1.How many northern white rhinos were there in the world in 2017？ A.Only one. B.Two. C.Three. C.Four. ( )2.Which word does the underlined part in the first paragraph remind you of？ A.Alone. B.Single. C.Lonely. D.Absent. C C ( )3.Which of the following human activities speed up the extinction of species？ ①Building roads in forests. ②Cutting down trees for modern industries. ③Planting bushes in deserts. ④Burning grasslands for house building. A.①②③ B.①②④ C.①③④ D.②③④ B ( )4.If the northern white rhinos completely disappear from the Earth，then 　　　　. A.we will simply lose one kind of animal B.there will be less space for animals to live C.new kind of animals will be found D.the ecosystem of our planet will be influenced D