初中英语语法第6集 名师讲解+配套练习题 宾语从句 8页

初中英语语法English Grammar ‎ 宾语从句 ‎******************************************************‎ 第十四章 宾语从句 宾语从句歌诀 宾语从句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how展风采。‎ 展风采有三关，引导词、语序、时态在把关。‎ 主从时态要一致，陈述语序永不变。‎ 陈述请你选that，疑问需用if/whether连。‎ 特殊问句作宾从，原来问词不用换。‎ 三关过后莫得意，人称、标点需注意。‎ 留意变脸的if/when，从句的简化记心间。‎ ‎　　一、三姊妹 ‎　　宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：‎ ‎　　1. 由that引导的宾语从句。如：‎ ‎　　We knew （that）we should learn from each other.‎ ‎　　2. 由if/whether引导的宾语从句。如：‎ ‎　　Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.‎ ‎　　3. 由who，where，how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如：‎ ‎　　Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office？‎ ‎　　二、三关 ‎　　1. 引导词关 ‎　　如果从句是陈述句，引导词用that（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；如果从句是特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。‎ ‎　　2. 语序关 ‎　　①陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：‎ ‎　　He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy.‎ ‎　　②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：‎ ‎　　Does he work hard？I wonder.→I wonder if/whether he works hard.‎ ‎　　When did he leave？I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left.‎ ‎　　3. 时态关 ‎　　①如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：‎ ‎　　I have heard（that）he will come back next week.‎ ‎　　②如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如：‎ ‎　　He said（that）there were no classes yesterday.[来源:学,科,网]‎ ‎　　注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如：[来源:学科网ZXXK]‎ ‎　　He said that light travels much faster than sound.‎ ‎　　三、人称的变化和标点的使用 ‎　　1. 从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：‎ ‎　　“May I use your knife？”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife.‎ ‎　　“Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number.‎ ‎　　2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：‎ ‎　　Who will give us a talk？I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk.[来源:学+科+网Z+X+X+K]‎ ‎　　Do you know？Where does he live？→Do you know where he lives？‎ ‎　　四、两副面孔 ‎　　if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。如：‎ ‎　　If it rains tomorrow，I won’t come.（时间状语从句）‎ ‎　　I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. （宾语从句）‎ ‎　　五、从句的简化 ‎　　1. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：‎ ‎　　She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.‎ ‎　　2. 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：‎ ‎　　She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths.‎ ‎　　3. 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构。如：‎ Can you tell me how I can get to the station？→Can you tell me how to get to the station？‎ 一、如何变人称： 学生在将直接引语变间接引语时。常常弄不清人称变化。下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如： She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her.‎ ‎“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如： He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then。“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：‎ Mr Smith said。 "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。二、如何变时态： 直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。 现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如： 1)She said. "I have lost a pen."→She said she had lost a pen 2)She said. "We hope so."→She said they hoped so. 3) She said. "He will go to see his friend。"→She said he would go to see his friend。 但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。‎ ‎①直接引语是客观真理。 "The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。[来源:Z&xx&k.Com]‎ ‎②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如： Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。‎ ‎③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如： Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。" →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。‎ ‎④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如： He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morning。‎ ‎⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如： Peter said. "You had better come have today。" →Peter said I had better go there that day。[来源:学科网]三、如何变状语：‎ ‎ 直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规津，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then, yesterday。变为 the day before）地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that),如： He said, "These books are mine." →He said those books were his.‎ 四、如何变句型： ①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.‎ ‎②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：He said, "Can you swim, John?" →He asked John if he could swim. "You have finished the homework, haven‘t you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework. "Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" →He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.‎ ‎③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。 She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they had their dinner. ‎ ‎④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。如： "Don’t make any noise," she said to the children. →She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. "Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea. ⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。”如： He said, "Let’s go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.‎ 引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如： John said, "I'm going to London with my father." 约翰说："我要和父亲到伦敦去。"（引号内是直接引语）‎ John said that he was going to London with his father. 约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语） ‎ ‎【配套练习题及参考答案】‎ ‎（ ）1. Please tell me______. I have some good news for him.‎ ‎　　A. where Robert lives B. where does Robert live ‎　　C. where Robert lived D. where did Robert live ‎　　（ ）2. —We don’t know ．‎ ‎　　—It is said that he was born in Canada．‎ ‎　　A．what he is B．when he was born ‎　　C．where he comes from D．if he lives here ‎　　（ ）3. —May I come in? I’m sorry I am late.‎ ‎　　—Come in, please. But could you please tell me ______?‎ ‎　　A. why you are late again B. what were you doing then ‎　　C. who you talked with D. how do you came to school ‎　　（ ）4. Could you tell me________?‎ ‎　　A. When will Mary come back B. When Mary comes back ‎　　C. When Mary will come back ‎ ‎　　（ ）5.—What did you say just now?‎ ‎　　—I asked _______.‎ ‎　　A. that I could open the door B. could I open the door ‎　　C. how could I open the door D. how I could open the door ‎　　（ ）6.—Do you know ________, Mike?‎ ‎　　—On May 12th,2008‎ ‎　　A. when the earthquake took place in Wen Chuan ‎　　B. when did the earthquake take place in Wen Chuan ‎　　C. when the earthquake will take place in Wen Chuan 参考答案：1. A 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. A 窗体顶端 I．从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。 1．I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow．_________ he comes，I'll tell you． A．if；Whether B．whether；Whether C．if；That D．if；If 2．I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow． A．when does he come B．how will he come C．if he comes D．whether he'll come 3．Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is？ A．what B．how C．whether D．where 4．Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help？ A．how did he mend B．what did he mend C．how he mended D．what he mended 5．I want to know _________ ． A．whom is she looking after B．whom she is looking C．whom is she looking D．whom she is looking ‎ after 6．Do you know where _________ now？ A．he lives B．does he live C．he lived D．did he live 7．Do you know what time _________ ？ A．the train leave B．does the train leave C．will the train leave D．the train leaves 8．I don't know _________ ．Can you tell me，please？ A．how the two players are old B．how old are the two players C．the two players are how old D．how old the two players are 9．The small children don't know _________ ． A．what is their stockings in B．what is in their stockings C．where is their stockings in D．what in their stockings is 10．I can't understand _________ ． A．what does Christmas mean B．what Christmas does mean C．what mean Christmas does D．what Christmas means II．按要求转换句型。 1．Does Mr．Brown enjoy living in China？Could you tell us？（改写句子） →Could you tell us _________ Mr．Brown _________ living in China？ 2．“Does the girl need any help？”he asked me．（变为复合句） →He asked me _________ the girl _________ some help． 3．Jim is not a student．Tom is not a student，either．（合并为一个句子） _________ Jim _________ Tom is a ‎ student． 4．When does the train leave？I want to know．（改为含宾语从句的复合句） I want to know _________ the train _________ ． 5．They went home after they had finished their homework．（用not．．．until改写） They _________ go home _________ they had finished their homework． 6．Did Peter come here yesterday？Li Lei wants to know．（改为含宾语从句的复合句） Li Lei wants to know _________ Peter _________ here yesterday． 参考答案：‎ I. 1—5DDDCD 6—10ADDBD II. 1. if／whether; enjoys 2. if／whether; needed 3. Neither; nor 4. when; leaves 5. didn't; until 6. whether; came 窗体底端