河南专用2020版中考英语语法过关专题六形容词课件人教新目标版 40页

专题六　形容词 考点一　形容词的用法及词义辨析 考点突破 考点二　形容词的比较等级 考点一　形容词的用法及词义辨析 考点突破 一、形容词的用法及位置 说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态,常用来修饰名词或代词的词叫形容词。 1.作定语,放在名词之前,复合不定代词之后。如: The nice girl is my sister.这个漂亮的女孩是我妹妹。 但有少数形容词只能作表语,如alone,afraid,asleep,awake,alive,well(健康的)等。如: Don ' t be afraid!别害怕! 2.作表语,放在系动词之后。如: He looks happy.他看起来很开心。 3.作宾补,放在宾语之后,常与make,leave,keep等动词连用。如: You must keep your eyes closed.你必须闭上眼睛。 4.形容词作状语时,并列的形容词可放在句首或句末。如: Hungry and tired, I had to stop to have a rest. 我又累又饿,只好停下来休息一下。 5.形容词的排列顺序 当名词有两个或两个以上的词限定或修饰时,这些词的顺序通常遵循一定的规 则,一般不能随意调换,也不能依照汉语的意思去排列。通常可按下面的顺序排 列: ①限定性的词,如:冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词 等。 ②表示观点的描绘性形容词,如:beautiful,fine,interesting等。 ③表示大小、长短、高低及形状的形容词,如:tall,high,small,little,round等。 ④表示年龄、新旧的形容词,如:young,old,new等。 ⑤表示颜色的形容词,如:black,white,blue等。 ⑥表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词,如:Japanese,American,English等。 ⑦表示形成中心名词的材料的形容词,如:plastic,wooden等。如: some beautiful little red flowers 一些美丽的小红花 two round blue plastic plates 两个圆形的蓝色塑料盘 two big round new Chinese wooden tables 两张新的中国式的木制大圆桌 6.一些表示情感等的表语形容词后可接动词不定式 be+   +to do sth. 如:The old woman was very happy to see her son again. 老太太再次见到她的儿子感到很高兴。 注意:许多形容词加-ly后构成副词,但有些以-ly结尾的词不是副词,而是形容 词。如: friendly友好的　lonely孤独的　lovely可爱的 likely有希望的　daily日常的　lively有生气的 二、常考形容词词义辨析 1.-ing形容词和-ed形容词 -ing形容词 -ed形容词 例句 surprising 令人惊讶的 surprised 感到惊讶的 This is a surprising story. I am surprised at the news. interesting 有趣的 interested 感兴趣的 I have an interesting book. He is interested in science. exciting 令人兴奋的 excited 感到兴奋的 Have you heard of the exciting news? We are excited about the traveling. pleasing 令人愉快的 pleased 感到愉快的/满意的 This is a pleasing trip. The teacher is pleased with our performance. frightening 令人恐惧的 frightened 感到恐惧的 This is a frightening story. We are frightened of the ghost. moving 令人感动的 moved 受感动的 Titanic is a moving film. We are moved by Hong Zhanhui deeply. tiring 令人疲倦的 tired 感到疲倦的 It ' s a long tiring day. I ' m too tired. fascinating 迷人的 fascinated 着迷的 What a fascinating voice! Many boys are fascinated by computer games. 特点:表示主动意义,多指事物对人的影响,一般 修饰事物 特点:表示被动意义,多指人对事物的感受,主语 一般是人,常用于“sb.+系动词+-ed形容词+介 词”结构 We are all interested in the interesting story. 2.older和elder 3.farther和further old的比较级 用法 例句 older 常用于比较的句型中,表示“较老的,较旧的,年 纪较大的” Your bike is older than mine.你的自行车比我的 旧。 elder 主要用来表示兄弟姐妹或子女的长幼关系,意 为“年长的” He ' s my elder brother.他是我哥哥。 易混词 意义及用法说明 例句 farther far的比较级,在谈论地点、方向或距离时,far- ther和further可以互换 I was so tired that I couldn ' t walk any farther/ further.我太累了,再也走不动了。 further far的比较级,表示“更多,进一步,额外”等含 义,这时不能与farther互换 He went abroad for further study.他去国外进修 了。 4.ill和sick “病的,生病的” 用法 例子 ill 作表语;作定语时意为“坏的,不良的,有害的” He has been ill for two days.他已经病了两天 了。 a woman of ill repute一个名声不好的女人 sick 作定语和表语 The sick man is his uncle.这位病人是他的叔 叔。 四个“好” 用法 例句 good 是形容词,用作表语和定语,它表示电影、书籍等的内容好;指人时表示人品好、善良等 This is a good book.这是一本好书。 well 可作形容词和副词,作形容词讲时只作表语,指身体健康、良好 —How are you? ——你(身体)好吗? —I ' m very well. ——我(身体)很好。 fine 通常指天气好、品质好、身体好等 It ' s a fine day today.今天天气晴朗。 nice 往往指“(人、味道、话语、天气等)令人喜悦的,讨人喜欢的” Nice to meet you!见到你很高兴! 5.good,well,fine,nice 6.alone, lonely 易混词 用法 例句 alone 用作形容词或副词,意为“独自,单独”,指客观 情况;作形容词时一般作表语 He is alone at home.他独自一人在家。 lonely 作形容词,意为“孤独的,寂寞的”,指内心的感 受 He never feels lonely in Beijing.在北京他从不 感到孤独。 考点二　形容词的比较等级 一、形容词比较等级的构成 1.规则变化 构成法 原级 比较级 最高级 一般直接加-er或-est young clever younger cleverer youngest cleverest 以不发音的字母e结尾的词,加-r或-st wide large wider larger widest largest 以单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音 节词,先双写这个辅音字母再加-er或-est big hot bigger hotter biggest hottest 以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节词, 先变y为i,再加-er或-est heavy busy heavier busier heaviest busiest 其他双音节和多音节词都在前面 加上单词more或most important interesting more important more interesting most important most interesting 2.不规则变化 二、形容词原级的用法 1.说明人或事物自身的特征、性质或状态时,用形容词原级。如: The flowers in the garden are beautiful.花园里的花儿很漂亮。 2.有副词very,so,too,enough,quite等修饰时,用形容词原级。如: The boy is too young.这个男孩太小了。 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well(健康的) better best bad worse worst far farther/further farthest/furthest 3.表示同级比较时用形容词原级。 ①肯定句中的结构:“A+is+as+形容词原级+as+B”。如: English is as interesting as Chinese.英语和汉语一样有趣。 ②否定句中的结构:“A+isn ' t+as/so+形容词原级+as+B”。如: This book isn ' t so new as that one.这本书不如那本书新。 ③表示“A是B的 …… 倍”时,用“A...+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B”结构(一 倍:once;两倍:twice;三倍及以上:基数词+times)。如: Our school is three times as big as theirs. 我们学校是他们学校的三倍大。 ④“half as+形容词原级+as”表示“ …… 是 …… 的一半”。如: Her room is half as big as yours.她的房间是你的一半大。 三、形容词比较级的用法 1.表示两者进行比较时用形容词的比较级,其结构为“A...+形容词的比较级+ than+B”。如: Lily ' s room is bigger than mine.莉莉的房间比我的大。 注意:为了避免重复,常用the one,that,those等词来代替前面出现过的名词。其中 the one代替可数名词单数形式,the ones或those代替可数名词复数形式,that代替 可数名词单数或不可数名词。如: The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Haikou in winter. 冬天,北京的天气比海口冷。 2.有表示程度的副词a little,a bit,a lot,much,far及even,no,any等词修饰形容词时, 该形容词可以用比较级。如: It is much colder today than yesterday.今天比昨天冷得多。 3.表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更 …… ”时,用句型“Which/Who is+形容词 比较级,A or B?”表示。如: Who is taller,Li Ming or Wang Tao? 谁比较高,李明还是王涛? 4.表示“几倍于 …… ”时,用“倍数+比较级+than”表示。如: Your room is three times bigger than mine. 你的房间是我的房间的三倍大。 5.表示“两者之间比较 …… 的一个(of the two)”时,常用“the+比较级”结构。 如: Mary is the taller of the twins. 玛丽是这对双胞胎中比较高的那个。 6.表示“越来越 …… ”,用比较级重叠结构,即“比较级+and+比较级”,当形容 词需借助more来构成比较级时,用“more and more+形容词原级”来表示。如: It ' s getting warmer and warmer in spring. 春天天气变得越来越暖和了。 7.表示“越 …… ,越 …… ”时,用“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构。如: The more,the better.越多越好。 四、形容词最高级的用法 1.表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用最高级形式。形容词最高级前 常加定冠词the,句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围。如: Shanghai is the biggest city in China.上海是中国最大的城市。 2.表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时,用“Which/Who is+the+形容 词最高级,A,B or C?”结构。如: Which city is the most beautiful,Beijing,Shanghai or Fuzhou? 哪座城市最漂亮,北京、上海还是福州? 3.表示“最 …… 的 …… 之一”时,用“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复 数”结构。如: Jay Chou is one of the most popular singers. 周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌手之一。 4.形容词最高级前面可以加序数词,表示“第几最 …… ”。如: The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河。 5.形容词最高级前面可以有形容词性物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修 饰,此时不能再用定冠词。如: This is our best lesson today.这是我们今天最好的一节课。 6.形容词比较级结构也可以表示最高级含义。如: Li Lei is the tallest student in his class. 李雷是班上最高的学生。 =Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class. 李雷比班上其他任何一个学生都高。 =Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class. 李雷比班上其他的学生都高。 =Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class. 李雷比班上其他任何人都高。 =No one is taller than Li Lei in his class. 在班里没有人比李雷高。 =Li Lei is taller than any of the other students in his class. 李雷比班里其他任何一个学生都高。 =Li Lei is taller than the rest of the students in his class. 李雷比班里其他的学生都高。 一、选词填空 1.(2019北京)Julie takes good care of the family dog. She is 　more patient     than her brother.(patient/more patient/most patient/the most patient) 2.(2019江苏南京)Which of the following can be used to describe the girl in the pic- ture? 　Confident.     (Crazy./Curious./Scared./Confident.) 中考题组 3.(2019重庆)Nobody worked the math problem out. It was 　the most difficult     one of all.(easier/the easiest/more difficult/the most difficult) 4.(2019山西)When we read a piece of news online, we ' d better make sure it ' s     true     before sending it to others. If not, we may spread something bad.(true/spe- cial/strange) 5.(2019 湖北武汉 )—Why not ask Bob to join us in the trip to the zoo tomorrow? —Everyone in our group loves animals, but he always seems 　 cruel     .(anxious/ personal/cruel/careless) 6.(2019 江西 )—What do you think of the band ' s performance? —It could be 　 better     . I think they ' re feeling very nervous.(good/better/bad/ worse) 7.(2019广东)Fishing is one of 　the most popular     activities among the middle- aged people.(popular/more popular/most popular/the most popular) 8.(2019 福建 )More and more people have realized that clear waters and green mountains are as 　 valuable     as mountains of gold and silver.(central/special/ valuable) 9.(2019 安徽 )—The 5G technology can help doctors treat patients who are hundreds of kilometers away. —It ' s really 　amazing     .(secret/direct/amazing/traditional) 10.(2019湖南长沙)Of the two physics problems, Martha just finished 　the less difficult     one.(the most difficult/the least difficult/the less difficult) 11.(2019新疆)The 　more     we do for other people, the 　happier     we will be. (much;happier/more;happy/more;happier/most;happiest) 12.(2019 黑龙江哈尔滨 ) Journey to the West is a traditional 　 Chinese     book. It has been translated into different languages.(American/British/Chinese) 13.(2019 江苏苏州 )The flying squirrel might be one of 　 the strangest     animals you could meet during the trip.(strange/stranger/strangest/the strangest) 14.(2019甘肃兰州)How 　heavily     it rained yesterday! We had to cancel our football match.(heavily/light/heavy/lightly) 15.(2019河北)The High Speed Rail is amazing. It makes travel 　easier     .(easier/ harder/higher/slower) 16.(2019 四川成都 )Compared with newspapers or TV, the Internet offers people     more     information.(much/more/most) 17.(2019 广西南宁 )—Why is Mike so popular in your class? —Because he always tells jokes. He is 　 humorous     .(humorous/polite/honest/ friendly) 18.(2019内蒙古呼和浩特)—He is planning to walk on the wings of a flying plane. —What? I have never heard of 　a crazier     idea before.(a crazier/the crazier/a craziest/the craziest) 19.(2019山东青岛)To make rivers 　cleaner     than before, everybody is supposed to protect them.(dirty/dirtier/clean/cleaner) 20.(2018 北京 )Tony is 　 the youngest     of the three boys, but he is the tallest. (young/younger/youngest/the youngest) 21.(2018 天津 )Tianjin is one of 　 the biggest     cities in China.(big/bigger/the biggest/the bigger) 22.(2018上海)Old Mr. Green doesn ' t feel 　lonely     because some students visit him regularly.(sadly/gently/lonely/angrily) 23.(2018重庆)The show was so 　funny     that I couldn ' t stop laughing.(sad/terri- ble/funny/serious) 24.(2018 江苏南京 )“Reading Pavilion”, which entered Luhe Library this spring, has made it 　 easier     for the citizens to experience the pleasure of reading than before.(easy/easier/easily/more easily) 25.(2017 河南 )Miho is 　 the youngest     student because she was born later than anyone else in her class.(young/younger/the younger/the youngest) 二、语篇填空 (2020河南中考预测) 阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完 整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。 with 　 sudden 　 hospital 　 much stand 　 rain 　 feel 　 child 　 sit 　 silent When the train stopped in London, an old man got on the train with his son. The son seemed to be over 20 years old and looked very happy. Soon the train got start- ed. The young man was 　 1     by the window. He put one hand out of the window to feel the air. He shouted, “Dad, see all the trees are going behind!”The old man looked at his son 　 2     satisfaction. There was a woman next to the young man. She was listening to the talk between the father and the son in 　3     . Possibly she thought it was a little strange because the young man was behaving like a little 　 4     . The young man stood up 　 5     and shouted again, “Dad, look at the river and an- imals! Clouds are moving with the train.”The woman watched the young man and 　 6     embarrassed at his behavior. Then it started 　 7     and some raindrops touched the young man ' s hand. He became 　 8     excited. He shouted loudly, “Dad, it ' s raining! Water is touching me! Look, Dad!” The woman couldn ' t 　9     it any longer and asked the old man,“Why don ' t you take your son to the doctor?”The old man said in a calm voice,“We ' ve just come back from the 　10     . Today my son has eyesight(视力)for the first time in his life.” 1. 　sitting     　2. 　with     　3. 　silence     　4. 　child     　5. 　suddenly     6. 　felt     　7. 　raining     　8. 　more     　9. 　stand     　10. 　hospital     一、选词填空 1.(2019河南郑州一模)After his mother was killed, his eyes became     cruel     and hard. We never saw his smile again.(lively/cruel/patient/harmful) 2.(2019河南省实验中学一模)Remember,everyone will suffer some pain in his or her life. What doesn ' t kill you will make you     stronger     .(strong/stronger/a stronger/the strongest) 3.(2019河南新乡一模)This work is     more difficult     for me than for you. It ' s new for me, but you have some experiences in this field.(difficult/much difficult/ 模拟题组 more difficult/the most difficult) 4.(2019河南洛阳一模)Among all the students, Winnie made the     fewest     mis- takes in the final English exam.(fewer/fewest/less/least) 5.(2019河南安阳一模)When I watch     scary     movies,I shake like a leaf.(scary/ funny/interesting/boring) 6.(2019河南焦作一模)—What ' s happening? —The people in the house are in great danger because the smoke which is growing     heavier     is a great killer.(smaller/darker/larger/heavier) 7.(2019河南平顶山一模)—How was your exam yesterday? —Oh, I couldn ' t feel     worse     . I could hardly answer most of the questions.(bet- ter/easier/worse/happier) 8.(2019河南许昌一模)—Are you satisfied with the result of the exam? —No, not at all. I can ' t have     a worse one     .(a worse one/a better one/the best one/the worst one) 9.(2019河南商丘一模)The number of people at the concert was     much smaller     than expected. There were many tickets left.(much smaller/much more/much larger/ many more) 10.(2018河南开封一模)—What do you think of Shaolin kung fu tonight? —Great! I ' ve never seen     a more wonderful     live show before.(a wonderful/ more wonderful/most wonderful/a more wonderful) 11.(2018河南新乡一模)My friend Jim is quite different from me. He is more active but     less hard-working     than me. So I often help him with his lessons.(less hard- working/more hard-working/least hard-working/most hard-working) 12.(2018河南焦作一模)—Zou Shiming has won three Olympic prizes during his career. —Yes. He might be China ' s     most     famous boxer.(much/more/most/bad) 13.(2018河南开封二模)—Has Lucy changed a lot? —Oh,yes. When I first met her five years ago,she was much     shyer     .(shy/shyer/ shyest/the shyest) 14.(2018河南安阳二模)—Do you enjoy Jessie J ' s songs? —Yes. She is the winner of Singer in 2018. I can ' t think of anyone with a     better     voice.(better/best/more/most) 15.(2018河南省实验中学一模)—What do you think of my plan? —I can ' t agree with you     more     . Safety is the most important to everyone. (worse/more/most/worst) 二、语篇填空 (2020河南中考原创) 阅读短文,根据语篇要求填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。 Although the world is hungry, it is even thirstier. While nearly 3/4 of the earth is covered with water, we are short of drinking water. This is 　1     about 97% of the water on earth is sea water. How can we avoid 　2     serious water shortage? Firstly we should save water and not waste it. Then we should protect our water resources and not pollute them. Fi- nally we should discover ways 　3     reuse water. Scientists have got some achievements in the field. But people ' s need for water is increasing day by day. We still don ' t have enough water. What else can we do? The sea seems to have the best answer. 　4     is plenty of water in the sea. But we need to take salt away 　5     sea water. This is very expensive. If scientists can find cheaper methods to do it, we can solve the problem of the shortage of water. 1.     because     　2.     a     　3.     to     　4.     There     　5.     from