19年中考英语真题 分类 专题19-2 短文填空（选词填空）（第01期）（解析版） 17页

‎2019年中考真题英语分项汇编 专题19 短文填空 考点2选词填空 Passage 1（2019 •四川省自贡市）‎ 将下列单词的适当形式填入空格．每空限填一词，每词只能用一次．‎ continue make place careful who ‎ same stop before good something A man named Bill once visited a temple that was still being built．He saw a sculptor （雕刻家）（1）　 　 a sculpture．As he watched the man work on the sculpture， he noticed that there was a similar sculpture lying nearby．‎ He felt strange and asked the sculptor， "Why are you creating two （2）　 　 sculptures？ Do you need two to put in different （3）　 　?"‎ ‎"No．" the man said without looking up， "We need only one， but the first one became damaged（损害）（4）　 　 I could finish it， so I' m working on a new one．"‎ Bill picked up the damaged sculpture and examined it （5）　 　． But he couldn't find （6）　 　 wrong with it．‎ ‎"Where is the damage？" he asked．‎ ‎"There is a scratch （划痕） on the sculpture's nose " the sculptor said while （7）　 　 his work．‎ Bill then asked "Where are you going to place the sculpture？"‎ The sculptor replied that it would be placed on a platform which is 20 feet in height．" If the sculpture is up that high，（8）　 　 is going to notice that there is a scratch on the nose？ " Bill asked．‎ The sculptor（9）　 　 his work， looking up at the man and said，" I will know it．"‎ The sculptor chose a high standard of excellence in his work． Even if other people didn't notice it， it mattered to him that his work should be of the （10）　 　 quality（质量）． This is an attitude we should work hard to have．‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎【文章大意】这是一篇选词填空，主要介绍了一个雕刻家对待工作一丝不苟的故事，通过这个故事告诉我们应该有的工作态度．‎ ‎（1）making 考查动名词，see sb doing看见某人正在做某事，make a sculpture雕刻，故答案为making．‎ ‎（2）same 考查形容词，根据上文As he watched the man work on the sculpture， he noticed that there was a similar sculpture lying nearby．当他观看那个人雕刻时，他注意到旁边放着一个相似的雕像，因此判断本句的意思是你为什么要雕刻两个相同的雕塑．故答案为same．‎ ‎（3）places 考查可数名词复数，different不同的，后跟可数名词复数，结合语境，你为什么雕刻两个相同的雕塑，你需要把它们放在不同的地方吗？故答案为places．‎ ‎（4）before 考查时间副词，结合语境，我们只需要一个，但是在我完成第一个之前它已经被损害了．判断是完成之前，故答案为before．‎ ‎（5）carefully 考查副词，结合语境，Bill捡起受损的雕塑并且仔细检查，但是他没发现有什么问题．examine为实意动词，用副词修饰，故答案为carefully．‎ ‎（6）anything 考查不定代词， couldn't 否定词，结合语境，Bill捡起受损的雕塑并且仔细检查，但是他没发现有什么问题．否定句中不定代词用anything．故答案为anything．‎ ‎（7）continuing 考查动名词，while后动词用﹣ing形式，结合语境，"雕塑的脖子上有一道划痕"雕刻家边说边继续工作．故答案为continuing．‎ ‎（8）who 考查疑问代词，结合语境，如果雕塑放那么高的话，谁会注意到它的脖子上有一道划痕．故答案为who．‎ ‎（9）stopped 考查动词，本文谓语动词用过去式，判断时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式，结合语境，雕刻家停下他的工作，看着那个男人说："我会知道．"故答案为stopped．‎ ‎（10）best 考查形容词最高级，quality为名词，前用形容词，the后形容词用最高级，结合语境，即使别人没有注意到，他的作品应该保持最好的质量对他来说很重要．故答案为best．‎ Passage 2（2019 •湖北省孝感市）‎ 阅读短文, 用方框中所给词的适当形式填空, 使短文通顺、连贯。方框中每词限用一次, 有两个词多余。‎ across; forever, through; who; share; which; memories; separate Good morning, everyone. Standing here, I know it's time to say goodbye. When I look back to the past three years, many beautiful ___52___ rush to my mind. When I walk by classrooms, it seems that the lessons will never stop. I can't forget the sunshine coming in ___53___ the windows. I can't forget the library where I used to go. I can't forget tidy uniforms and lovely smiles. I'll remember the important people ___54___ helped and supported me-my ‎ teachers and my friends. These moments are so unforgettable that I feel like ___55___ them with you.‎ Although we have to go our ___56___ways now, I hope we can value the happy time we spent together. My dear school, I love you, ___57___. And I really don't want to say goodbye.‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇演讲稿，作者回忆了三年初中生活美好记忆，表达了对学校、同学和老师的留恋。‎ ‎52. memories 句意：当我回首过去的三年，许多美好的回忆涌上心头。beautiful美丽的，形容词修饰名词；many许多的，修饰复数名词；根据When I look back to the past three years,和所给单词提示，可知有很多回忆，故填memories。‎ ‎53. through 句意：我不能忘记阳光从窗户射进来。through the windows透过窗户；根据句意结构和所给单词提示，可知填through。‎ ‎54. who 句意：我会记住那些帮助和支持我的重要人物——我的老师和朋友。本句是定语从句，先行词people是人，需用who引导。根据句意结构和所给单词提示，可知填who。‎ ‎55. sharing 句意：我想与你分享他们。feel like想要……，like是介词，后接动名词；根据句意结构和所给单词提示，可知填sharing。‎ ‎56. separate 句意：虽然我们现在不得不各奔东西，但我希望我们能珍惜在一起的快乐时光。go our separate ways分道扬镳；根据句意结构和所给单词提示，可知填separate。‎ ‎57. forever 句意：亲爱的学校，我永远爱你。本句缺副词状语，forever永远，根据句意结构和所给单词提示，可知填forever。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 选词填空，要求根据句意语境和所给单词提示选择合适的单词填空，主要考查单词形式，包括名词的单复数和所有格、动词的三单形式、非谓语动词、基数词或序数词，主格代词/宾格代词和物主代词（形容词性物主代词/名词性物主代词）等。这类题目难度不大，重点是掌握句意，在理解的基础上把握句子时态，从而判断所给单词的正确形式。‎ Passage 3（2019 •湖北省随州市）‎ 从方框中选择适当的单词，并用其适当的形式完成短文，每词只能用一次，每空一词。‎ century or prevent put from ‎ what try receive long direct Stonehenge, a rock circle, is not only one of Britain’s most famous historical places but also one of its greatest ‎ mysteries. Every year it___51___more than 750,000 visitors. People like to go to this place especially in June as they want to.see the sun rising on the___52___day of the year.‎ For many years, historians believed Stonehenge was a temple where ancient leaders___53___tocommunicate with the gods. However, historian Paul Stoker thinks this can't be true becauseStonehenge was built so many___54___ago. “The leaders arrived in England much later,” he points Out.‎ Another popular idea is that Stonehenge might be a kind of calendar. The largest stone were ___55___together in a certain way. On midsummer’s morning the sun shines___56___into the center of the stones. Other people believe the stones have a medical purpose. They think the stones can___57___illness and keep people healthy. “As you walk there, you can feel the energy_____58_____your feetmove up your body,” said one visitor. No one is sure_____59_____Stonehenge was used for, but mostagree that the position of the stones must be for a special purpose. Some think it might be a burialplace____60____a place to honor ancestors. Others think it was built to celebrate a victory over anenemy.‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎【文章大意】这篇短文主要是介绍来世界上最伟大的奇迹之一——巨石阵。‎ ‎51. receives 句意：每年接待超过75万游客。根据Every year这里是一般现在时态，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词变第三人称单数。receives的意思是“接收”。根据句意，故填receives。‎ ‎52. longest 句意：人们喜欢去这个地方，尤其是在六月，因为他们想去。看到太阳在一年中最长的一天升起。根据文中especially in June as they want to.see the sun rising可知，这里是最长的一天。the longest day表示最长的一天。根据句意，故填longest。‎ ‎53. tried 句意：很多年来，历史学家认为巨石阵是一座古代领导人试图与神沟通的寺庙。短语try to do sth.表示设法去做某事；这里是一般过去时态，try的过去式是tried。根据句意，故填tried。‎ ‎54. centuries 句意：然而，历史学家保罗·斯托克认为这不可能是真的，因为巨石阵是几百年前建造的。so many+名词复数，century意思是“世纪”，这里用复数，根据句意，故填centuries ‎55. put 句意：最大的石头是以某种方式放置的。这里是一般过去时态的被动语态，put的过去分词是put。根据句意，故填put。‎ ‎56. directly 句意：在仲夏的早晨，太阳直接照射到石头的中心。这里是副词修饰动词。direct的副词是directly，意思是“直接地”，根据句意，故填directly。‎ ‎57. prevent 句意：他们认为这些石头可以预防疾病，保持人们的健康。Can+动词原形；prevent的意思是“阻止”，根据句意，故填prevent。‎ ‎58. from 句意：当你走到那里的时候，你可以感觉到你脚上的能量向上移动。from表示从……。根据句意，故填from。‎ ‎59. what 句意：没有人能确定巨石阵是用来做什么的。这里是what引导的宾语从句。根据句意，故填what。‎ ‎60. or 句意：有人认为这可能是一个祭祀祖先的墓地或地方。根据a place to honor ancestors.可知这里用or来连接，意思是“或者”，根据句意，故填or。‎ Passage 4（2019 •山西省）‎ 请根据语篇内容,用方框中所给词的正确形式填空,使短文通顺、连贯,并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。方框中有两个词为多余项。‎ As a famous piano master, Paderewski was admired by many people. Wishing to make progress on the piano, one day, a boy____50____to a Paderewski’s concert by his mother. After they were seated, the mother saw a friend and walked up to greet her, leaving the boy alone in____51____seat.‎ Catching the chance to explore the wonders of the concert hall, the little boy stood up and finally made his way through a door ____52____was marked “No Admittance(进入)” . Soon, the hall got dark and the concert was about to begin. When the mother ____53____to her seat, she discovered that the child was missing.‎ Suddenly the lights focused on the piano on the stage. In surprise the mother found her little boy sitting at the piano. ____54____knowing where he was, the boy was picking out Twinkle, Twinkle, Little star. At the moment, the great piano master appeared, moved to the piano _____55_____, and whispered (耳语) in the boy’s ear, “Don’t stop. Keep playing.” Then he sat down and added a running obbligato (伴奏). Together, the old master and the young beginner changed an embarrassing situation into a wonderfully creative experience. It became one of the____56____parts of the whole concert that evening. The people were touched so much by the master and the mother was shocked. She believed that such an experience would make a big____57____to her 9-year-old boy’s life.‎ In fact, that’s the way it is in life. What we can do on our own is hardly unusual. We tried our best, but the____58____aren’t exactly smooth music like what we have expected. But when we trust in the hands of a greater power, our life’s work can be truly beautiful.‎ Next time, you set out _____59_____great works, listen carefully. You can hear the voice of the master,‎ ‎ whispering in your ear, “Don’t stop. Keep playing.”‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎【文章大意】这篇短文讲述的是一个小男孩被妈妈带着去听著名钢琴大师帕德雷夫斯基的音乐会，小男孩无意走上了舞台，开始弹起钢琴。钢琴大师并没有阻止或打断他，而是鼓励小男孩继续弹，并为他伴奏，两人一起合作了一曲，成为了这次音乐会上最精彩的一部分。他的妈妈相信这次合作会对小男孩的生活有很大的影响。‎ ‎50. was taken 句意：一天， 一个小男孩被他妈妈带到了帕德雷夫斯基的音乐会。根据句意和空后的to a Paderewski’s concert by his mother可知，这里表示“被带到…”，应选择动词take，且应用被动语态。短文讲述的是过去的事情，应用过去时态，故填was taken。‎ ‎51. his 句意：他们坐好后，母亲看到了一个朋友，就走过去打招呼，把小男孩一个人留在了他的座位上。根据句意和空后的seat可知，这里表示“在他的座位上”，所给单词he是人称代词主格形式，这里应考查物主代词 ，故填his。‎ ‎52. which 句意：逮住一个机会去欣赏音乐厅的宏伟，小男孩站起来，穿过了一道门，上面写着“禁止进入”。根据句子结构可知，…was marked “No Admittance”是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a door，从句中缺少主语，故填关系代词which。‎ ‎53. returned 句意：当妈妈返回座位的时候，发现孩子丢了。根据句意she discovered that the child was missing可知，妈妈回来里，动词return，短文使用了一般过去时，故应填过去式 returned。‎ ‎54. Without 句意：在不知道他在什么地方的情况下，小男孩开始弹《小星星》。根据句意和空后的knowing可知，这里应填介词Without，意为“没有”，句首单词首字母大写。‎ ‎55. quickly 句意：这时，这位伟大的钢琴大师出现了，迅速走向钢琴。根据文意可知，到了钢琴大师表演的时候，因此他快速地走过去，应选quick，又因为此处修饰动词，所以变为副词quickly。‎ ‎56. most exciting 句意：它变成了那个晚上音乐会上最令人激动的一部分。根据句意可知，这里考查句型one of + the+ 最高级，表示“最……的之一”。根据上句话Together, the old master and the young beginner changed an embarrassing situation into a wonderfully creative experience可知，这里应用exciting，令人激动的，最高级形式是most exciting。‎ ‎57. difference 句意：她相信这样的一次经历会对他九岁的孩子的生活有大的影响。根据句意可知，这里考查短语make a difference to 对…有影响，different是形容词，“不同的”，这里填名词difference。‎ ‎58. results 句意：我们尽力了，但结果并不像我们所想的那样完美流畅。根据句意We tried our best是条件，空后表示结果，故应选 result，空后是aren’t，此处需要填复数，故应填results。‎ ‎59. to achieve 句意：下一次，当你开始着手完成伟大的作品时，仔细地聆听。根据句意和空后的great works 可知，这里应表示“完成伟大的作品”，应选achieve；句中使用了句型set out to do sth.着手做某事，故这里填动词不定式to achieve。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 这是一篇记叙文，短文通过讲述钢琴大师帕德雷夫斯基鼓励一个小男孩弹钢琴的故事，告诉我们：生活中也许我们尽了自己的最大努力，结果也不一定像我们想的那样好。但我们要相信自己处在一个强大的力量中，我们的生活就会变得真正美丽。文章通过叙事讲述道理，可以使学生们更容易理解和把握文章的中心。题型是选择适当的单词完成短文，题目中给出了12个单词，短文中有10个空，有两个词是多余的。做题时，应先浏览所给单词，弄清楚他们的意思和词性；然后阅读短文，了解文章大意，根据上下文语境选择适当的单词，并根据单词在句中的作用以及句中使用的句型，填写单词的适当形式。例如第4小题，根据句意she discovered that the child was missing可知，妈妈回来里，动词return，短文使用了一般过去时，故应填过去式 returned。再如第7小题，根据上句话Together, the old master and the young beginner changed an embarrassing situation into a wonderfully creative experience可知，这里应用exciting，令人激动的。该句使用了句型one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数，表示“最…的之一”，故应填most exciting。‎ Passage 5（2019 •四川省南充市）‎ 根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确（每词限用一次），并将答案写在答题卡相应编号后的横线上。‎ easy seem long change since In Chinese culture, it is believed that people who have fair(浅色的）skin（皮肤）are more beautiful. In western culture, however, the opposite is true-many westerners think tanned skin is prettier. It ___51___ that different cultures have different ideas of what they think is beautiful.‎ These cultural meanings of beauty, however, are no ___52___ important. As more and more people travel overseas, ideas about beauty are being shared among cultures. The Internet has also made it easier for people to share different types of beauty ___53___ people are always posting pictures on social media. With the help of the Internet, people's views about beauty are always一 ___54___. People are now able to ___55___ borrow ideas from other cultures to help them stand out. So what new fashions can we expect to see in the future?‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎【文章大意】这篇短文主要讲述了不同文化对美丽的看法是不同的。‎ ‎51. seems 句意：似乎不同的文化对他们认为美丽的东西有不同的看法。根据下文different cultures have different ideas of what they think is beautiful.可知这里是说似乎……。It seems+that 从句，表示似乎……。根据句意及所给词，故填seems。‎ ‎52. longer 句意：然而，这些美丽的文化意义不再重要。根据下文As more and more people travel overseas, ideas about beauty are being shared among cultures.no longer可知上文是时说不再重要，no longer表示不再；故填longer。‎ ‎53. since 句意：互联网也使人们更容易分享不同类型的美丽，因为人们总是在社交媒体上张贴图片。根据下文people are always posting pictures on social media.可知这里是表示原因用since。根据句意及所给词，故填since。‎ ‎54. changing 句意：在互联网的帮助下，人们对美的看法总是在改变。根据题意可知用现在进行时，其结构是be doing的形式。change的意思是“改变”，根据句意及所给词，故填changing。‎ ‎55. easily 句意：人们现在可以很容易地从其他文化中汲取灵感，帮助他们脱颖而出。根据下文from other cultures to help them stand out.可知这里是副词修饰动词，easy的意思是“容易的”，副词是easily，根据句意及所给词，故填easily。‎ Passage 6（2019 •甘肃省兰州市）‎ 阅该下面的短文,用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使文意通顺，结构正确。（每个单词限用一次）‎ come first how fly probably meter it for little and Have you ever dreamed of flying to school like Harry Potter? Of course, you're___41___ not a magician. But Speeder could make your dreams ___42___ true. Speeder is a flying motorcycle. A US company made ___43___. The company calls it the world’s ___44___ flying motorcycle. ‎ Speeder can take off ___45___ land anywhere. It flies at 240 km per hour at a height of 4,500 ___46___ in the sky. To reach that speed, Speeder mainly uses diesel fuel(柴油) to ___47___. The company will do more research on ___48___ to use clean energy to power Speeder in the future. Speeder riders must weigh ___49___ than 109 kg. If a rider is too heavy, it will be hard ___50___ the motorcycle to take off.‎ ‎【答案与解析】 ‎ ‎【文章大意】本文介绍了一种新的飞行器——飞车。飞车是一种飞行摩托。由美国的一家公司研制成功。它可以在任何地方起飞和降落。动力是柴油。它的飞行时速为240公里，飞行高度为4500米。飞车的自重必须小于109公斤。骑车的人不能太重，否则就无法飞行。‎ ‎41. probably 句意：当然，你可能不是魔术师。由语境和所给单词的意思可知，选择：probably；probably是个副词，用在be动词或形容词之后，“可能的”意思，一般用这个词的时候表示这个可能性很大的。本文的语境是：我们可能不是魔术师，不可能像哈利波特那样飞到学校。故答案为：probably。‎ ‎42. come 句意：但飞车可以让你的梦想成真。由语境和所给单词的意思可知，选择：come；come true ‎：梦想成真；本题make的用法：make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事。make为使役动词后跟动词原形。故答案为：come。‎ ‎43. it 句意：一家美国公司研制成功了。由语境和所给单词的意思可知，选择：it；根据Speeder is a flying motorcycle. 飞车是一种飞行摩托。本题用代词it来代指上文的speeder。所以答案为：it。‎ ‎44. first 句意：这家公司称之为世界上第一辆飞行摩托车。由空前面的定冠词the可知，本题应该填序数词。由语境和所给单词的意思可知，选择：first；the world’s first flying motorcycle：世界上第一辆飞行摩托车。所以答案为：first。‎ ‎45. and 句意：飞车可以在任何地方起飞和降落。由语境和所给单词的意思可知，选择：and；take off：起飞；land：着陆；这两个动作是并列的。因此应该用and连接。所以答案为：and。‎ ‎46. meters 句意：它以每小时240公里的速度飞行，飞行高度为4500米。由语境和所给单词的意思可知，选择：meter；由4,500可知，后面的名词应该用复数，这里是指飞行的高度为4500米。故答案为：meters。‎ ‎47. fly 句意：为了达到这个速度，飞车主要使用柴油来飞行。由语境和所给单词的意思可知，选择：fly；本题考查use sth. to do sth. 用某物做某物。to是动词不定式符号，后跟动词原形。所以答案填：fly。‎ ‎48. how 句意：公司将在未来对如何利用清洁能源驱动飞车进行更多的研究。疑问词+动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，做research on的宾语。由语境和所给单词的意思可知，选择：how；how to use clean energy to power Speeder：如何利用清洁能源为飞车提供动力。所以答案为：how。‎ ‎49. less 句意：飞车的自重必须小于109公斤。由语境和所给单词的意思可知，选择：little；由比较连词than可知，本应该用形容词的比较级。little的比较级为less。故答案为：less。‎ ‎50. for 句意：如果骑车人太重，摩托车很难起飞。由语境和所给单词的意思可知，选择：for；本题考查句型：It will be +形容词+for sb. to do sth. 对……来说，做某事是怎么样的。语境是：对于飞车来说，骑车人太重它就很难起飞。故答案为：for。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 选词填空题是初中英语的一个重要题型，它集词的用法与搭配、词语辨析、语法、单句理解等考查于一体，既考查了考生的语言知识水平，又检测了考生的分析判断能力和综合运用语言知识的实践能力。‎ ‎1. 在拿到题目后，不要急于看文章，首先对备选的词汇研究几遍，对词性做简单的标记，例如：名词、动词、形容词、副词等等，同时对词义作初步的理解。‎ ‎2. 仔细阅读句子，充分理解句子的意思，注意发现固定搭配关系，凭借语感积极主动地猜测空格中所缺的信息，根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。‎ ‎3. ‎ 在选定单词后，不要轻率地填入。在填词过程中，需要瞻前顾后，既要符合本句的含义，又要保证句式结构的正确。当你选定一个名词时，要考虑是否要把它变成复数或“所有格”形式。其他还要考虑名词是否需要变成形容词；在遇到动词时，要有意识地去考虑时态和语态的变化以及非谓语动词形式的变化(动词不定式-to do，现在分词-doing，过去分词-done，固定搭配enjoy doing sth./ used to do sth./ have sth. done…)；形容词和副词填空时要主动去判定是否需要变成比较级或高级，还有它们之间的相互转换以及形容词变名词也需考虑，例如：more interesting/the most interesting，happy-happily/happiness；填入代词时，需注意辨别主格、宾格、名词性和形容词性物主代词或反身代词的用法；数词方面要注意基数词和序数词的变化以及分数的用法。‎ Passage 7（2019 •江西省）‎ 请先阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后用方框中所给词的适当形式填空,并将答案填写到答题卡的相应位置。每个词限用一次。 ‎ this; explain; skill; say; information; than; again; polite; available; smile ‎ How you speak on the telephone is very important! If you use good telephone ___24___, the caller will be happy. If not, they may not want to deal with(打交道) you or your company ___25___ . ‎ First, make sure you answer the call formally(正式地), giving your name and the name of your company. ___26___ will let the caller know that you are professional. ‎ You should also remember ___27___ as you speak, and use a friendly tone(语调). If you sound bored or too busy, the caller will think you are impolite. ‎ Your choice of words can make a big difference, too. For example, if have not heard what a caller ___28___ , it is much more polite to say “I’m sorry. Could you say this again, please?” ___29___ to simply say “What?”. ‎ Similarly, if a caller asks to speak to someone, don’t just say “yes” or “no”. If the person is ___30___ , say that you will put the caller through to them. If they are unavailable, ___31___ where they are, and then take a message. ‎ In either situation, you will also need to get some ___32___ about the caller, such as their name or company. Make sure you get all that you need and, most importantly, ask for it ___33___ !‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎【文章大意】文章介绍了怎么在电话上和人交流的一些方式，要正式地接电话，介绍自己或自己的公司，说话的时候要微笑，要用友好的语调，选择的话也很不一样，当你没听清楚时要说“请你再说一遍好吗？”，最重要的事情是要有礼貌。‎ ‎24. skills 句意：如果你使用好的电话技能，打电话的人将会很高兴。根据后文内容和选词，可知是打电话的技能，用名词复数表示一类；故填skills。‎ ‎25. again. 句意：他们也许不想再和你或你的公司打交道。根据If you use good telephone ___1___ , the caller will be hapy. If not,和选词，可知是再，又；故填again。‎ ‎26. This 句意：这会让打电话的人知道你是专业的。根据make sure you answer the call formally(正式地), giving your name and the name of your company.和选词，以及句子结构，可知是this这，做主语，代指上文提到的事情；故填This。‎ ‎27. to smile 句意：当你说话时，你也应该记住微笑。根据use a friendly tone(语调).和选词，可知是smile，根据remember to do sth记住去做某事；故填to smile。‎ ‎28. said 句意：如果没有听清打电话的人说什么。根据it is much more polite to say “I’m sorry. Could you say this again, please?”和选词，可知是say说，根据if have not heard可知用过去时态；故填said。‎ ‎29. than 句意：比简单地说“什么？”。根据it is much more polite to say “I’m sorry. Could you say this again, please?” ___6___ to simply say “What?”和选词，可知说“对不起，请你再说一遍好吗？”比简单地说“什么？”礼貌得多；故填than。‎ ‎30. available 句意：如果这个人在。根据if a caller asks to speak to someone和选词，可知是be available在；故填available。‎ ‎31. explain 句意：如果不在，解释他们在哪里。根据If they are unavailable, ___8___ where they are, and then take a message.和选词，可知是解释他们在哪里，比较有礼貌；故填explain。‎ ‎32. information 句意：你也需要得到打电话的人的信息。根据, such as their name or company.和选词，可知是information信息；故填information。‎ ‎33. politely 句意：要有礼貌地问。根据文章和选词，可知是要礼貌地问，副词修饰动词ask；故填politely。‎ Passage 8（2019 •山东省济宁市）‎ 阅读下面短文，从方框中选择适当的词语填空，方框中有两个词语为多余选项。‎ action; alone; care, other, praise, unexpected, when, for sure, for a while Most people think children only have some simple wishes, such as getting delicious snacks and having enough playtime. But one six-year-old girl named Peyton surprised everyone by making a(n)___34___decision.‎ Peyton’s teacher Tara promised Peyton a reward in a class: choose to sit with whoever she wanted at lunch. Mrs. Tara thought___35___ that she knew who Peyton would pick(挑选). However, Mr. Tara was surprised by Peyton___36___ she picked a little boy who never got picked by anyone for anything. The boy was very shy, and he was___37___all the time Peyton's decision really made his day. Since then, ___38___ children have started picking ‎ the boy as well. Now, he is a completely different child.‎ Mrs. Tara says that Peyon’s___39___ reminds her why she loves teaching. People on the Internet also____40____ the little girl for her kindness. Peyton shows us that a simple act of kindness can change a person’s life.‎ ‎【答案与解析】 ‎ ‎【文章大意】文章讲述了一个叫Peyton的小女孩，做了一个让所有人惊讶的决定，Peyton的老师给她一个奖励，吃午饭时她可以和她想坐在一起的任何人一起吃饭，令老师惊讶的是，她挑选了一个从来没人挑过的一个小男孩，他总是自己在一起，Peyton的决定让他很高兴，从那以后，其他的人也开始挑这个小男孩，现在，他变成了一个完全不一样的孩子了，老师说Peyton的行为提醒她为什么她喜欢教书，网上的人也赞扬这个小女孩的善良。‎ ‎34. unexpected 句意：一个叫Peyton的小女孩，做了一个让所有人惊讶的决定。根据Mr. Tara was surprised by Peyton___3___ she picked a little boy who never got picked by anyone for anything.和People on the Internet also____7____ the little girl for her kindness. Peyton shows us that a simple act of kindness can change a person’s life.以及选词，可知是unexpected令人意外的；故填unexpected。‎ ‎35. for sure 句意：Mrs. Tara确实认为她知道Peyton会选谁。根据Mrs. Tara thought___2___ that she knew who Peyton would pick(挑选). However, Mr. Tara was surprised by Peyton和选词，可知是for sure一定，确实；故填for sure。‎ ‎36. when 句意：Mrs. Tara被Peyton惊讶到了，当她挑选了一个从来没人挑过的一个小男孩。根据Mr. Tara was surprised by Peyton和 she picked a little boy who never got picked by anyone for anything.之间的关系，可知是当……时候，被惊讶到了；故填when。‎ ‎37. alone 句意：他总是自己在一起。根据a little boy who never got picked by anyone for anything. The boy was very shy,和选词，可知是alone独自的，作表语；故填alone。‎ ‎38. other 句意：其他的孩子也开始挑选这个小男孩。根据上文Peyton挑选这个别人从来没挑过的小男孩，和children have started picking the boy as well.以及选词，可知是other其他的，修饰名词复数；故填other。‎ ‎39. action 句意：Mrs. Tara说Peyton的行为提醒她为什么她喜欢教书。根据上文Peyton 挑选别人从来没挑过的小男孩的行为，和Peyton shows us that a simple act of kindness can change a person’s life.以及选词，可知是action行为；故填action。‎ ‎40. praise 句意：网上的人也赞扬这个小女孩的善良。根据句意和选词，可知是praise赞扬；故填praise。‎ Passage 9（2019 •广安市）‎ 根据短文内容用方框内所给单词的正确形式填空,每空一词,每词一次,并将答案写在答题卡上相应的位置。‎ wrong air too in what away fly at without shine If you are asked the question “What colour is the sky?” I believe you will answer blue. But I am afraid you are___51___. The sky has no color. When we see blue, we are looking ___52___ the blue sunlight. The sunlight ___53___ on the little bits of dust(灰尘) in the air. ‎ Is the sky full of ___54___? I am sure that you are asked this question,___55___. We know that there is air all around the world. We could not live___56___ air. Planes could not ___57___ if there is not any air. If we go far enough ___58___ from the earth, then we will find there is no air. Perhaps we can answer some of our questions now.___59___ is the sky? The sky is space. It is all around the world. There is nothing but the sun, the moon and the stars ___60___space.‎ ‎【答案与解析】 ‎ ‎【文章大意】当我们看到蓝色时，我们看到的是蓝色的阳光。阳光照射在空气中的尘埃上。没有空气我们无法生存。如果没有空气，飞机就不能飞行。如果我们离地球足够远，就会发现没有空气。在太空中除了太阳、月亮和星星什么都没有。‎ ‎51. wrong 句意：但是恐怕你是错误的。根据空前are可知，此空应填形容词作表语，根据下句可知，此空是错误的意思，此空故填wrong。‎ ‎52. at 句意：当我们看到蓝色时，我们看到的是蓝色的阳光。根据空后the blue sunlight. 可知，此空应填介词，根据句意可知，此处是看的意思，look是不及物动词，此空应填at。‎ ‎53. shines 句意：阳光照射在空气中的尘埃上。此句是一般现在时态，主语The sunlight是第三人称单数形式，此空是照射的意思，此空故填shines 。‎ ‎54. air 句意：天空充满了空气吗？根据full of 可知，此空应填名词，根据句意可知，此空是空气的意思，此空故填air。‎ ‎55. too 句意：我相信你也会被问到这个问题。根据句意可知，此句是陈述句的肯定形式，并且在句尾，此空故填too 。‎ ‎56. without 句意：没有空气我们无法生存。根据空后名词air可知，此空故填介词，根据句意可知，此空是没有的意思，此空故填without。‎ ‎57. fly 句意：如果没有空气，飞机就不能飞行。根据空前could not ‎ 可知，此空应填动词原形，根据句意可知，此空是飞的意思，此空故填fly。‎ ‎58. away 句意：如果我们离地球足够远，就会发现没有空气。.根据空前enough可知，此空应填away ‎59. What 句意：天空是什么？根据下句The sky is space.可知，此句是特殊疑问句，根据句意可知，此处是什么的意思，此空故填What。‎ ‎60. in 句意：在太空中除了太阳、月亮和星星什么都没有。根据空后space可知，此空应填介词，根据句意可知，此处是在太空中的意思，此空故填in。‎ Passage 10（2019 •甘肃省敦煌市）‎ 用方框中所给单词成短语的适当形式填空，使短文通顺、正确、连贯，每个单词或短语限用一次。‎ come, fun, visit, hardly, yourself, not, fall off, advice, from, important Dear Molly,‎ I just got your letter with the picture of you riding your bike. From the smile on your face, I can tell how much ___61___you're having. I still remember when you could___62___ride a tricycle(儿童三轮自行车).You've___63___ a long way! Now here's some ___64___.I'm sure you're a good rider. But you will ___65___ that bike now and then, So please get___66___ a helmet. Wear it every time you ride, A helmet will help protect you ___67___a head injury. Wearing a helmet when you ride a bike is as ___68___as wearing your seat belt when you ride in a car! No, I'm___69___trying to be a bossy know- it-all. I just don’t want a bad fall to wipe that smile off your face. When you came____70____ this summer, bring your bike and your helmet. We'll take some great rides together!‎ Your cousin,‎ Vera ‎【答案与解析】 ‎ ‎【文章大意】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述薇拉祝贺莫莉会骑自行车了，并且薇拉就骑自行车给莫莉提出了一个建议，即记得戴头盔。‎ ‎61. fun 句意“从你脸上的笑容我能看出你玩得是多么地开心啊！”。根据空前much可知，空处用不可数名词，且根据have fun“玩的开心”可知，故填fun。‎ ‎62. hardly 句意“我仍然记得你几乎不会骑儿童三轮自行车的时候”。根据You're___3___ a long way“你已经取得了很大的进步”可知，表示“莫莉几乎不会骑儿童三轮自行车”。hardly几乎不，故填hardly。‎ ‎63. come 句意“你已经取得了很大的进步了”。根据I still remember when you could___2___ride a tricycle 可知，莫莉以前连儿童三轮自行车都不会骑，而现在会骑自行车了，所以表示“你已经取得了很大的进步了”。come a long way取得了很大的进步，且根据空前you’ve可知，用现在完成时have done，故填come。‎ ‎64. advice 句意“这里有一些建议”。根据But you will ___5___ that bike now and then, So please get___6___ a helmet可知，表示“我要给你一些建议”。advice建议，不可数名词，故填advice。‎ ‎65. fall off 句意“但是有时你会从车上摔下来，所以请给自己戴一个头盔”。根据句意可知，你又时会从车上摔下来，所以戴个头盔保护自己。fall off摔下，且根据will可知，用原形，故填fall off。‎ ‎66. yourself 句意“但是有时你会从车上摔下来，所以请给自己戴一个头盔”。本句话为祈使句，省略主语you，且主语与宾语表示同一个人，用反身代词，即指莫莉自己，故填yourself。‎ ‎67. from 句意“每次你骑车的时候都要戴它，一个头盔将会保护你免受头部伤害”。根据句意可知，表示“保护……免受”，用protect...from...，故填from。‎ ‎68. important 句意“当你骑车时戴一个头盔就和当你坐车时系安全带一样重要”。根据空前is可知，用形容词，且根据as...as...可知，用形容词的原级。表示“一样重要”，故填important。‎ ‎69. not 句意“不，我没有尝试着成为一个专横的自以为无所不知的人”。根据I just don’t want a bad fall to wipe that smile off your face可知，表示我不是尝试着成为一个专横的无所不知的人，我只是给你提一个意见，我不想看到重重的一跤会将你脸上的笑容抹掉，表示否定，且空前有be动词am，直接在后面加not即可，故填not。‎ ‎70. to visit 句意“这个夏天当你来访时，记得带上你的自行车和头盔”。根据We'll take some great rides together!可知，表示“来访”，come to visit来访，故填to visit。‎ Passage 11（2019 •四川省成都市）‎ 从下面方框中选出10个单词，将其正确形式填入短文，使短文意思正确通顺（每词限用一次）。‎ bad British consider fun hope pleasure power they total understand we win Is it true that we British people have a different sense of humor from people in other countries? Let’s have a look at what we laugh at in ___61___.‎ To us British people, ___62___ and important people often cause laughter. It’s not just politicians (政客) who make us laugh, but anyone whose job is to tell other people what to do and who takes ___63___ too seriously.‎ We laugh at the power, but also, pitifully, at anyone who is treated ___64___. We know they cannot win, but if they do win sometimes, it’s even ___65___. Our clowns (小丑) are often silly people doing silly things, while in America, they are often clever people doing clever things-and ___66___ at last.‎ The fact that we laugh when other people might feel ___67___ is one of the strangest things to learn about British humor. We do have a strong sense of irony (反讽). After some terrible experience, we might say, “Not very ___68___.” And we might say in the middle of a typhoon, “It’s a bit windy today.” Or “There is a tiny problem,” when something has gone ___69___ wrong. We don’t like to express strong feelings, but just “keep calm and carry on”.‎ Another things that can make it difficult ___70___ British humor is that we don’t always laugh or even smile when we say something funny. We often keep a straight face or use an unsmiling expression when we’re making a joke.‎ Do you think the British sense of humor is special?‎ ‎【答案与解析】 ‎ ‎【文章大意】本文介绍了英国人不同于其他国家的幽默感。先介绍了英国人都在笑什么，后面具体介绍了让人难以理解的英国人的幽默感的两种情况：一是别人感到绝望时英国人却大笑；二是当说一些有趣的事情时并不总是笑，甚至是微笑，而是经常板着脸或者表情严肃。‎ ‎61. Britain 句意：让我们来看看我们在英国笑什么。根据上文we British people have a different sense of humor和所给单词提示，可知这里是说“在英国”，故填Britain。‎ ‎62. powerful 句意：对我们英国人来说，有权有势和重要的人常常引起笑声。and表并列，连接两个并列的形容词；根据下文It’s not just politicians who make us laugh和所给单词提示，可知politicians（政客）是有权力的人，故填powerful。‎ ‎63. themselves 句意：让我们发笑的不只是政客，还有那些工作就是告诉别人该做什么的人，以及那些把自己看得太严肃的人。本句是定语从句，先行词who指人，动词take需接宾格代词或反身代词做宾语；根据句意结构和所给单词提示，可知填themselves。‎ ‎64. badly 句意：我们嘲笑权力，但也可怜地嘲笑任何受到不公正对待的人。treat对待，动词需用副词修饰；根据下文英美人对待小丑的不同和所给单词提示，可知填badly。‎ ‎65. funnier 句意：我们知道他们不可能赢,但如果他们赢了,有时甚至更有趣。even甚至，修饰比较级；根据句意结构和所给单词提示，可知填funnier。‎ ‎66. winning 句意：而在美国，他们通常是做傻事的聪明人——最后赢得了胜利。and连接并列结构，前后动词结构需一致；根据上文doing clever things和所给单词提示，可知填winning。‎ ‎67. hopeless 句意：当别人感到绝望时，我们却大笑的事实，是了解英国幽默最奇怪的事情之一。feel是表感觉系动词，后接形容词；根据句意结构和所给单词提示，可知填hopeless。‎ ‎68. pleasant 句意：在经历了一些可怕的经历之后，我们可能会说，“不太愉快”。very 非常，副词修饰形容词；not表否定，根据After some terrible experience和所给单词提示，可知填pleasant。‎ ‎69. totally 句意：或者说“有一个小问题，”当事情完全出错时。wrong错误的，形容词需用副词修饰；根据句意结构和所给单词提示，可知填totally。‎ ‎70. to understand 句意：另一个让人很难理解英国幽默的地方是，当我们说一些有趣的话时，我们不总是笑，甚至不总是微笑。本句是固定句型“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式”结构，it是形式宾语，不定式是真正宾语；根据句意结构和所给单词提示，可知填to understand。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 选词填空，要求根据句意语境和所给单词提示选择合适的单词填空，主要考查单词形式，包括名词的单复数和所有格、动词的三单形式、非谓语动词、基数词或序数词，主格代词/宾格代词和物主代词（形容词性物主代词/名词性物主代词）等。这类题目难度不大，重点是掌握句意，在理解的基础上把握句子时态，从而判断所给单词的正确形式。‎