中考英语(外研)短文填空技巧解析+连词和状语从句分析+主谓一致精讲精炼+中考英语“人机对话” 114页

英语填空技巧解析 填空 解题技巧 一、 填空的特点是什么？ 完形填空是一种旨在考查学生 语法和词汇 知识综合 运用能力的典型题，难易程度与初中教材相当，词数 在 180-250 左右。文中平均每隔 25 个词左右设空。 学生通过推理判断，综合分析等将答案填入空白处， 使短文前后连贯、意思通顺、结构完整合理。 1. 跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。 2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。 A.) 利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义 . B.) 再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。 3. 通读短文，检查答案。 英语短文填空解题技巧： 二、填空的设空规律有哪些？ （一） 从文章结构看 首句通常不设空，以便考生对短文前提 和背景有个较清楚的了解，从而使考生尽快熟悉语境、 推测文章大意。 2. 短文设空平均密度为 25 个单词一个空。 中考完形填空抛弃了传统的“语法知识型”命 题模式，转变成“情境能力型”的命题趋势。 它的一个显著特点就是突出语篇，即重在文意的干扰， 把 具体的语言知识 融进具体的 语言情境 中去，考查学生 通过上下文对整体文意进行把握的能力。 二、填空的设空规律有哪些？ （二）从语言层次看 考点设计对把握语段的要求在提高。我们可以 把考点分为三个层次，即句子层次、句群层次和语篇层次 句子层次的设空 例： (2007 年中考英语试卷 完形填空四选一 保留原题号 ) I 90 you were very busy then helping your friend get ready for her wedding — I am sure it was a success. A. remember B. explain C. hope D. expect 答案： A 指那些只需读懂设空所在句便可选出答案的题目。 二、填空的设空规律有哪些？ 2. 句群层次的设空 前制性设空 后制性设空 指根据上下文的内容，经过推理判断可以得到答案的题目 即根据上文有关内容即可确定答案的题目。 指那些需要根据下文内容才能选出正确答案 的题目 / 下文某处有提示。 二、填空的设空规律有哪些？ 前制性设空 例： It was an English speech contest. My mother asked me to take part in it. What a terrible idea! It meant I had to ____ in front of all the teachers and students of my school! 后制性设空 例： 1). Nobody ____ him in the village. One day he said to them, “I know you don’t like me …” 2). Country music comes from ____ kinds of music. One is the traditional music of tall mountain people in the eastern United States. The other is traditional cowboy music from the American West. speak liked two 二、填空的设空规律有哪些？ 3. 语篇性设空 I work as a volunteer for an organization that helps the poor in Haiti. Recently I took my son Barrett there for a week, hoping to 1  him … achieved all I’d expected. Soon he will celebrate his 18th birthday. He will be a man. ( 最后一句话 ) (   ) 1. A. comfort      B. please          C. attract          D. educate D 指那些需要联系全文的情境、内容才能确定 正确答案的设空 。 考查方向 : 正确理解和书写英语单词 命题形式 : 短文中 10 个空需要填上适当的单词 .(wu 首字母或中文提示 ) 所占比例 : 10 空 15 分 特别提醒 ： 所有的单词都必须根据上下文来确定。必须注意词形的变化，包括名词的单复数、动词的时态、形容词和副词的比较级（最高级）等。 中考英语新题型 — 短文填空 词形的变换 冠词： a/an/the 基数词 , 序数词： 1,2,3… （基） ; 第 X( 序 ) 名词： 单复数形式 , 所有格的用法 动词： 时态 语态（主被动）的变化 形容词、副词： 比较等级的用法 代词： 单复数 人称代词 反身代词 指示代 词 关系代词 不定代词 等的用法 连词： 并列与从属连词的用法 … … 词形的变换 名词： 单复数形式 , 所有格的用法 GZ is one of the most beautiful _________. ( 城市 ) I met a friend of ___________ （她的） . All the ____________( 绵羊 ) like to eat grass. cities hers sheep 词形的变换 动词： 时态 语态（主被动）的变化 Everyone in our class _________( 喜欢 ) watching cartoons. I’ll spend as much time as I can __________( 读 ) these stories. Yesterday we _________________(prevent) from getting to school by the heavy rain. likes reading were prevented 语态 主动： v/be/ 情态动词 被动： be + p.p. 词形的变换 形容词 副词： 比较等级的用法 He can __________( 容易 ) swim across the river. Because of this, your name is ________loved by your parents than you. easily more 词形的变换 代词： 单复数 人称代词 反身代词 指示代 词 关系代词 不定代词 等的用法 You can throw ______, kick it or hit it. Taking too many selfies( 自拍 ) seems to encourage( 鼓励 ) people to only think of _______________. They are very good friends and they almost do ______________ together. it themselves everything … 自己 指示代 词 it 它 / 这 / 不译 this( 这个 ), these( 这些 ) 指在时间或空间上 较近 的人或者事物 that( 那个 ), those( 那些 ) 指在时间或空间上 较远 的人或者事物 不定代 词 连词 1 September 10th is T ____________Day. 2. The f ______ day of the week is Sunday. 3. A good b _______ makes a good ending. 4.When you laugh ,you will o ____ your mouth and your teeth. irst pen eginning 5. Last Sunday ， we played h ______ in the park, though we were very tired. eachers’ appily 6.He was very a ＿＿ with the man upstairs and began to shout ，“ Stop singing ！” ngry 10.In autumn after a strong wind, the ground is often covered with fallen l _______ ． eaves 7.This book belongs to Mary. It is h _____. 9.For years,we played other people’s songs, b _____ now we play mostly our own songs. ers ut 8 .Mrs Green said to the twins,“Help y ___________ to some fish please. ” ourselves 1. September 10th is Teachers’ Day. 2.In autumn after a strong wind, the ground is often covered with fallen leaves . 首先考虑名词的单、复数，然后注意名词所有格。 3.We could not run faster than cheetahs , so we _______ ( 发明 )cars and now we can move the fastest 考虑动词的时态。语态变化。 4.When you laugh ,you will o ___ your mouth and your teeth. invented pen appily 6.Summer is the h ottest season of the year. 注意形容词、副词的比较等级的变化。 5. Last Sunday ， we played h ______ in the park, though we were very tired. 8. Mrs Green said to the twins .“Help y ourselves to some fish please. ” 此处考代词用法。 7. Help y ourself to some fish ， Jim. 9.This book belongs to Mary. It is h ers . 10.For years, we played other people’s songs, b ut now we play mostly our own songs. 11. She didn’t go to school yesterday ， b ecause she was ill. 此处考连词 Through some efforts, rescuers cleaned up the ruins _______ （仔细） which covered the mum. Under her body _____( 躺 )her baby. The baby was in a small red quilt with yellow flowers. He was about 3 or 4 m ＿＿＿ old. B ＿＿＿ the baby was well ＿＿＿＿＿ ( 保护 )by his mother’s body, he was very safe. He was sleeping well when the rescuer carried him out, and his lovely and p ＿＿＿＿＿ face warmed everyone around him. The rescuer found there was a mobile p ______ in the quilt. When he looked at the screen, a message was already there. “My dear baby, if you could l ＿＿＿＿ , don’t forget how m ＿＿＿＿ I love you. ” Everyone w ______ saw this message burst into tears. rescuers ( 救援人员 ) ruins 废墟 carefully lay onths protected ecause eaceful ive uch ho hone Fill in each blank with the right form 直击中考 Through some efforts, rescuers cleaned up the ruins _______ （仔细） which covered the mum. Under her body _____( 躺 )her baby. The baby was in a small red quilt with yellow flowers. He was about 3 or 4 m ＿＿＿ old. B ＿＿＿ the baby was well ＿＿＿＿＿ ( 保护 )by his mother’s body, he was very safe. He was sleeping well when the rescuer carried him out, and his lovely and p ＿＿＿＿＿ face warmed everyone around him. The rescuer found there was a mobile p ______ in the quilt. When he looked at the screen, a message was already there. “My dear baby, if you could l ＿＿＿＿ , don’t forget how m ＿＿＿＿ I love you. ” Everyone w ______ saw this message burst into tears. carefully lay onths protected ecause eaceful ive uch ho hone 根据上下语境 , 判断词义 : He was sleeping well 确定词义后 , 判断词形 cleaned up rescuers ( 救援人员 ) ruins 废墟 The idea of Father’s Day came from an A ________ lady called Dodd in 1909. She wanted a _______ （特别的） day to honour her father. He ( 抚养 ) six children by h after his wife died during the birth of their s _______ child. Dodd thought there needed to be a day to honour great and loving dads. Her father was born on June 19. so she chose to hold the first Father’s Day celebration on his b in 1910. In 1924, US president liked the idea of a national Father’s Day. Finally, in 1966, the third Sunday in June was n ________Father’s Day. There are many w to show your love and thanks. merican ixth six US president raised imself irthday special amed ays Step1 The passage is about . Step2 The meaning of each blank Step3 The right form of each word Step4 Read the passage again to check the answers Exercise Honour 纪念 Dear friends , I’m sorry to hear that an earthquake happened to your hometown. The earthquake _________( 毁坏 )your hometown. Lots of h ________fell down and some of you can’t see your families any longer.  Please don’t feel s ______. You should believe in the Party, the government and the people in the country. You should be full of wishes b _________ the Party, the government and the people are with you all the time and they take care of you. They try their b ______ to solve your troubles. They give away their money and many t ________to you and they _______( 捐献 )blood for you.  So you should take care of y ____________. In the future, you should do something u __________for our country to __________( 回报 ) for their loves.  Yours,  XXX destroyed ouses ad ecause est ourselves answer donate seful hings 中考实战演练（一） All around the world, people drink tea. But tea does not _______( 意味着 )(1) the same thing to e _______(2). In different countries people have very different i ________(3) about drinking tea. In China people always have tea _________( 一起） (4) with their friends. They may drink tea at any time of the day. They only put tea leaves in their cups. They l ________(5) the tea with nothing __________ （其他的） (6) in it. Tea is also i ________(7) in Japan. It is very p ________(8) there. People drink tea every day. But they have it in a way different from that in China. In the USA people drink tea at breakfast or after m ________(9). They usually use tea bags to make their tea. Making tea with bags is faster and e ________(10) than making it with tea leaves in teapots. mean veryone deas together ike else mportant eals opular asier 中考实战演练（二） 2.26-meter-tall Yao Ming made his NBA debut ( 初次登台 ) on October 23, 2002 and got 6 points for the Houston Rockets in the game. The next day, he got 13 points in a__________① game. 　　 Most people think that Yao Ming is a born basketball player. But Yao said, “When you watch it on TV, it looks very easy. But when you are playing in the NBA, it is r_______② not so easy.” He said that joining the Houston Rockets was a new _____ （开端）③ and a new challenge. “I hope that through very h_____④ work I can make everyone happy and help the Rockets w___⑤ more games,” he said. 　　 Yao Ming speaks some English. B____⑥ he and his teammates can u_________⑦ each other. They don‘t think there is a language problem. While Yao Ming faces this new challenge, the people of Houston have shown great i________⑧ in him ， and they hope Yan Ming will bring new ____________⑨ ( 活力 ) to the Rockets. The team has started having lessons to learn more about China, and many people who work for the Rockets have learned to speak some C___________⑩. nother eally start ard in oth nderstand nterest energy hinese Homework Thank you! Goodbye! We sometimes call the lion “the king of the jungle ” because it is stronger and more dangerous than other animals. It can r ____ faster than many animals and it can hunt the best. It is the highest animal in the l______food chain. In the sea, the shark is one of the animals at the top of the food chain. It can s____ faster than most other sea animals, and it can use its big _______( 牙齿 ) to eat them. What is at the top of the world’s food chain? People are! We are not the biggest or fastest, but we are the c______. We could not run faster than cheetahs , so we invented cars and now we can move the fastest. We could not c_____better than lions, so we invented guns . Now we can hunt the best. People’s inventions are clever, but they can be _________( 危险的 ) , too . For example, people invented factories, and now they make the air and r_____ dirty. This can make many changes. Dirty rivers kill fish. Then bears cannot eat the fish and the bears die. If we kill one part of the food chain, the other parts also die. Remember that we are a part of the food chain, s______ we are in danger too! If we protect animals, we are protecting ____________( 自己 )! We should and we could do something for the world! un and teeth leverest atch dangerous ivers o urselves wim 第一部分 语法精讲精练 第十三节　连词和状语从句分析 01 中 考 导 航 02 考 点 突 破 03 课 堂 小 测 04 中 考 模 拟 演 练 目录导航 中 考 导 航 考点 广东省卷近五年中考统计 高频考点 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 1. 并列连词的基本用法 √ √ ★★☆ 2. 从属连词的基本用法 √ √ √ ★★☆ 考点 广东省卷近五年中考统计 高频考点 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 3. 状语从句的时态 ( 主将从现类 ) √ √ √ √ ★★★ 考情分析：从近五年考查情况来看，连词是每年的必考点，其中并列连词、从属连词及状语从句的时态 ( 主将从现 ) 均是重要考点。 2019 年备考时应掌握好并列连词、从属连词的基本用法，状语从句的时态 ( 主将从现 ) 。 考 点 突 破 并列连词的基本用法(★★☆) 并列连词按作用可分为表示联合、转折、选择和因果四大类。 1 . 常见的表联合关系的并列连词： (1)and 意为 “ 和，又，而，并且 ” 。 (2018 年考 ) 如： I like English and math. 我喜欢英语和数学。 (2)not only…but also(but as well)… 意为 “ 不但 …… 而且 …… ” 。 如： Not only my father but also my mother likes watching TV very much. 不但我的爸爸，而且我的妈妈也非常喜欢看电视。 (3)as well as 意为 “ 也 ” 。如： He needs a knife as well as a piece of paper. 他需要一把小刀，也需要一张纸。 (4)either…or… 意为 “ 或 …… 或 …… ；不是 …… 就是 …… ” 。 either…or… 连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数和其邻近的词保持一致，即由 or 后面的词而定。 (2015 年考 ) 如： Either he or I am going to have a meeting. 要么他，要么我将参加会议。 (5)neither…nor… 意为 “ 既不 …… 也不 …… ” 。当此词组连接两个主语时，谓语动词的用法和 either…or… 的用法一样，由 nor 后面的词而定。如： Neither the teacher nor the students are happy. 老师和学生都不开心。 (6)both…and… 意为 “ 既 …… 又 …… ” ，连接两个主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如： Both Mary and Lily are from America. 玛丽和莉莉都来自美国。 2 . 常见的转折连词 ： but, while( 而 ), yet, however( 然而 ) 。如： He likes sports, but he only watches them on TV. 他喜欢体育，但是只在电视上观看。 My sister was doing her homework while I was playing computer games. 我的妹妹在做作业，而我在玩电脑游戏。 3 . 常见的选择连词 ： or, otherwise 。 如： Would you like tea or coffee? 你要茶还是咖啡？ Hurry up, otherwise we can ' t catch the bus. 快点，否则我们赶不上车。 4 . 常见的因果连词 ： for, so 和 therefore 等。其中 for 引导的句子不表示直接原因，而是用来附带解释或说明前一句的情况，只用在句中，前后两个句子用逗号隔开。 (2013 年考 ) 如： You ' d better put on your sweater, for it ' s cold outside. 你最好穿上毛衣，外面冷。 My father is waiting for me, so I have to go. 爸爸在等我，所以我要走了。 It is going to rain, therefore we have to put off the match. 要下雨了，因此我们不得不推迟比赛。 (　 　 )1 . ( 2018广东)China is getting more and more independent of Western technology，________ it is leading in many fields, such as the selfdriving car industry . A . B . or C . but D . and 母题训练 D (　 　)2 . (2015广东)I have only two tickets for TFBoys' concert . ________ you ________ he can go with me . A . Either; or B . Neither; nor C . Both; and D . Not only; also 母题训练 A ( 　 　 )3.(2013 广东 )Think it over, ________ you'll work out the math problem. A.or 　 B.so 　 C.for 　 D.and ( 　 　 )4.(2012 广东 )Ben was busy taking a training class ， ________ we had to wait for him for half an hour. A.so 　 B.if 　 C.or 　 D.but 母题训练 D A (　 　 )5 . ( 2010广东)________ you ________ your brother can join us . We want one of you . A . Both ; and B . Neither ; nor C . Either ; or D . Not only; but also 母题训练 C (　 　 )6 . — Where is Leo? He said he would come tonight! —Yes, he did say so，________ we can't find him now . A . and B . so C . but D . or (　 　 )7 . Basketball has a history of nearly 300 years . Today it is still loved by ________ the young________ the old . A . both ; and B . either ; or C . not ; but D . neither ; nor 中考预测 C A (　 　 )8 . There are no buses，________ you'll have to walk . A . so B . or C . but D . for (　 　 )9 . Martin and his friends didn't eat up all the food they ordered, ________ they took the rest away . A . for B . or C . so D . as 中考预测 A C (　 　 )10 . ________ Tony________ Frank likes the CD . They think the music is too noisy . A . Neither ; nor B . Either ; or C . Both ; and D . Not only; but also 中考预测 A 从属连词(★★☆) 引导状语从句的从属连词有： (1) 连接时间状语从句的从属连词有： since, until, after, before, when, while, as, as soon as, whenever, ever since 等。 (2011 年考 ) 如： His father came back home while he was watching TV. 他在看电视的时候，他爸爸回家了。 (2) 连接让步状语从句的从属连词有： although, though, even if, however 等。 (2017 年考 ) 如： The old man plays sports every morning, although he is over 70 years old. 虽然那个老人 70 多岁了，但他每天早晨都锻炼身体。 (3) 连接原因状语从句的从属连词有： as, because, since, now that 等。 (2016 年考 ) 如： Let ' s go to a movie ， since we are free now. 既然现在我们有时间，那去看电影吧。 (4) 连接目的状语从句的从属连词有： that, so that, in order that 等。 如： Mr.Black ran fast in order that he could catch the train. 布莱克先生为了赶火车而快跑。 (5) 连接条件状语从句的从属连词有： if, unless, once, in case 等。 (2014 年考 ) 如： Her father won ' t buy her a present unless she gets good grades. 除非她取得好成绩，不然她爸爸不会给她买礼物的。 (6) 连接结果状语从句的从属连词有： so…that… ， such…that… 等。如： This movie was so boring that we were sleepy. 这场电影如此无聊，以至于我们都困了。 (　 　 )1 . ( 2017广东)“A white elephant”means something that is useless，________it may cost a lot of money . A . unless B . until C . since D . although (　 　 )2 . ( 2016广东)The traffic policeman took away the driver's license________he broke the traffic rules of drunk driving . A . though B . because C . till D . and 母题训练 D B (　 　 )3 . ( 2014广东)—Shall we go for a picnic in the forest park tomorrow? —Yes, ________it rains heavily . A . if B . unless C . until D . when (　 　 )4 . ( 2011广东)I won't believe that the fiveyearold boy can read magazines ________ I test him myself . A . if B . when C . after D . until 母题训练 B D (　 　 )5 . The teacher speaks very loudly________all the students can hear her . A . so that B . because C . since D . when (　 　 )6 . ________ I got home, my sister was doing her homework . A . When B . Because C . If D . Though 中考预测 A A (　 　 )7 . — Why didn't you try your best to get on the subway? —I tried to，but it started moving________ I could get on it . A . before B . after C . since D . if (　 　 )8 . — I can hardly believe my eyes . Is that you, Lucy? —Yes . It has been almost 20 years ________ we were together . A . since B . before C . after D . until 中考预测 A A 状语从句的时态(主将从现类)(★★★) 1. 用法： if( 如果 ), as soon as( 一 …… 就 ……), until( 直到 …… 才 ……), when( 当 …… 时 ), before( 在 …… 之前 ), after( 在 …… 之后 ), unless( 除非 ), even if( 即使 ) 等词连接时间、条件或让步状语从句时，主句用将来时 ( 有时候是祈使句 ) ，从句用一般现在时表将来。 (2012 、 2014 ～ 2017 年考 ) 如： We won ' t go out( 主句 )if it is rainy tomorrow( 从句 ). 如果明天下雨，我们将不会外出。 As soon as I arrive in Beijing( 从句 ), I will give you a call ( 主句 ). 我一到北京，就会给你电话。 She won ' t go to bed until her mother comes back. 直到她妈妈回来，她才会去睡觉。 I won ' t write to you before you write to me. 在你写信给我前，我不会写信给你的。 I will leave the company unless it offers me more money. 除非公司给我加工资，否则我就离开。 ( 　 　 )1.(2017 广东 )Johnson won't answer the phone if he________the number. A.knew B.doesn't know C.will know D.didn't know ( 　 　 )2.(2016 广东 )Unless the weather________ ， we'll have to cancel the picnic. A.improve B.improves C.improved D.will improve 母题训练 B B (　 　 )3 . ( 2015广东)—Sir, Jenny wants to know when she can leave the office . —Only when she ________ copying this report . A . finishes B . finish C . finished D . will finish 母题训练 A (　 　 )4 . ( 2014广东)—I wonder whether Brazil will win the match later tonight . —Go to bed first . I will wake you up as soon as the match ________ . A . starts B . started C . will start D . is starting 母题训练 A (　 　 )5 . ( 2012广东)If our government ________ attention to controlling food safety now, our health ________ in danger . A . won't pay; is B . doesn't pay; is C . won't pay; will be D . doesn't pay; will be 母题训练 D (　 　 )6 . If Tina________at home tomorrow，I ________her . A . stays ; will visit B . will stay; visit C . stays ; visit D . will stay; will visit (　 　 )7 . You'll have a great time ________ you go to the party . A . so B . if C . although D . and 中考预测 A B (　 　 )8 . — I want to know if Maria ________ us in the fashion show tonight . —I believe if she ________ her homework, she will join us . A . joins ; finishes B . will join; finishes C . joins ; will finish D . will join; will finish 中考预测 B ( 　 　 )9.I don't know if he________.When he________ ， give my best wishes to him. A.will come; will come B.will come; comes C.comes ; comes D.comes ; will come 中考预测 B (　 　 )10 . Your uncle will come to see you as soon as he ________ here . A . arrives B . arrived C . will arrive D . is arriving 中考预测 A 课 堂 小 测 1～5　DAACD　 6～10　BBABD　 11～15　CBCDB 中考模拟演练 1～5　DDABA　 6～10　AAAAB　 11～15　DADBB 16～20　CDCCD　 21～25　DDCBC　26～30　DBADD 中考语法接力赛 （第一棒） 主谓一致考点透析与精练 主谓一致： 　 句子中的谓语动词随着主语在 人称 ． 数量 ． 时态 等方面的变化而变化　(即 保持一致性 ) 主谓一致七大考点 1. 主谓一致的三个原则； 2. 并列结构作主语时； 3. “ 名词 + 介词短语 ” 作主语时； 5. There be 和 Here be 的就近原则； 4. 特殊名词作主语时； 7. 表数量概念的词或短语作主语时； 6. 动名词、不定代词或者从句作主语时； 主 谓 一 致 的 三 大 原 则： 1. 语法一致 ：单数主语后接单数谓语动词；复数主语后接复数谓语动词． eg：　1. My bike is under the tall tree . 2. 意义一致 ：根据句子主语的意义，而不是主语的的形式来确定谓语动词的单复数． eg: 1. The police are trying to arrest the thieves. 2. These books are old books. 2. People in the south of Canada are called Eskimos.( 爱斯基摩人） 3. 就近原则 ： 当主语被某些关联短语（如 e ither … or ， neither … nor ， not only … but also 等）连接时， 谓语动词的单复数 与 离它最近的词语 保持一致 eg: 1. Not only you but (also) they are good students. 2. Neither he nor I am going to attend the party tonight. 牛刀小试： Not only his parents but also he watching sports programs. （ 2011 彩田中学） A. like B. likes C. don’t like D. not like B 3.One or two students were still absent from school. 4.There is a pen ,a pencil,and three books on the desk. 谓语动词用单数形式的情况 主语和谓语动词在数方面的一致性 一、谓语动词用单数形式的情况： 若主语是 单数名词 、 单数代词 、 不定式及其短语 、 -ing 形式及其短语 或 从句 时，谓语动词用 单数形式 Eg: 1. The chief industry in the Middle East is the oil industry. 2. That sounds a good idea. 3. To learn English by recitation is a useful way. 4. Nodding the head means agreement while shaking it means disagreement. 5. Who let out the secret is still unknown to us. 6. Whether he will attend the meeting doesn’t matter too much. 7. How you got there is not interesting for me. “ 华 哥 ” 有 话说 ：在 由 what 或 whatever 引导的主语从句 中，主句的谓语动词的单复数形式有时还要按句子的具体意思而定。 eg: What the children need are love and understanding. 2. 当主语是表示 时间 、 距离 、 重量 、 货币 等的复数名词时，这些名词指代的事物 往往被看作是一个整体 ，因此谓语动词 常用单数形式 eg: 1. Seven feet is an abnormal height for a person. 2. Twenty miles is a long way to walk. 3. Fifty kilograms is not so heavy to carry. 4. Thirty pounds is really a high prices. “ 华 哥 ” 有话说 ： 加减乘除 运算中的谓语动词用 单 数 eg: 1.Two and two is four. ( 2 加 2 等于 4 ) 2. Six times one is six. ( 6 乘以 1 等于 6 ） 牛刀小试 ---How much the pair of shoes? ---Twenty dollars enough. （ 2011 南充） A. is; is B. is; are C. are; are D. are; is 2. Three thousand dollars enough for me to travel to the place of interest. A. are B. is C. have D. has 3. Two weeks allowed for making the necessary preparation. A. is B. are C. been D. have A B A 3. 如果主语是单数，其后跟有 with , together with , as well as , but , except , like , no less than 等连接的短语， 谓语动词用单数 （ “ 名词 + 介词短语 ” 结构） eg: 1. He as well as his parents is working the fields. 2. An expert , together with some assistants, was sent there to help with the work. 3. Nobody but you and I knows about it. 牛刀小试： 1. Robert with his two kids to the beach for vacation every year. A. go B. goes C. went D. are going B 4. 当主语是 each , either , neither 或者由 some , any , no , every 等构成 的 不定代词 （如 someone ， nothing 等） 时，谓语动词用 单数形式 eg: 1. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. 2. Anyone who is over sixteen is allowed in. 3. Neither of us has gone through regular training. “ 华 哥 ” 有话说 ："each (every)+单数名词+each （every）+单数名词"结构做主语，谓语动词用单数 eg: Each boy and each girl likes watching TV programme. 牛刀小试 1. ---Neither of us right. ---Really? Haven't you worked hard before? A. am B. is C. are D. be 2.Each of the students willing to help with the work. A. am B. are C. is D. be 3.Nothing impossible to a willing heart. A. is B. am C. are D. be B C A “ 华 哥 ” 有话说 ：“ none of +复数名词 ”作主语时，谓语动词 可以用单数也可以用复数 None of the pensengers is (are) able to survieve in such an air crash （ 空难 ） . Insert Title Text 5. 当主语是由 and 连接的两个名词但表示 同一人或物 时，谓语 动词用 单数形式 eg: 1. The singer and dancer is going to pay a visit to China. 2. The girl and winner is jumping with joy. 试比较： The politician and the writer give us wonderfu speeches. 牛刀小试： The secretary and principal of the school present at the meeting yesterday. A. was B. were are D. is A 6. 国名、人名、 书名、书刊名 、 组织机构 等 专有名词 作主语时，即使其形式是复数，谓语动词也要用 单数形式 eg: 1. The United State s lies in the east to China. 2. Engele s was good at learning foreign languages. “ 华 哥 ” 有话说 ：英语中有些名词 虽以-s结尾，实际上却并 不表示复数的概念 ，如 mathematics（数学） 、 physics（物理） 、 politics（政治） 、 news（消息、新闻） 等。当这些名词作主语时，应该注意谓语动词用 单数 形式 1. Physic s was the only course she failed in. 7.“ many a/more than one+名词单数 ”作主语时，谓语动词要用 单数 1. There is one more answer . （有不止一个答案） 2. Many a student has passed the exam. (许多同学通过了考试） 8. 单复数形式相同 的名词 ，如Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer等作主语时， 谓语动词的单复数由名词前的修饰语来决定 ， 可以用单数 ， 也可以用复数 1. I am a Chinese. 2. Ten sheep are eating grass there. 主语 和谓语动词在数方面的一致性 9. 当主语是 a kind of; a sort of; a type of ； a pair of 等后接名词，无论 名词是单数还是复数 ，谓语动词统一用 单数 eg: 1.A kind of birds has been discovered by these scientists. 2.This pair of glasses is made of diam ond . “ 华 哥 ” 有话说 ： 如果主语是 these(those)type/kind/sort of 等后接名词时，无论名词是单数还是复数，谓语动词一般用单数形式 1.Those sort of parties are very dangerous. 谓语动词用复数形式的情况 主语 和谓语动词在数方面的一致性 二、谓语动词用复数形式的情况： 主语和谓语动词在数方面的一致性 1. 主语是 复数名词或代词 时，谓语动词用 复数形式 。 eg: The contents of this book is most fascinating. His congratulations are always to the points. 2. 当 “ the+ 形容词 ” 结构做主语时， 泛指某一类人 ，谓语动词用 复数 形式 eg: 1.The homeless need not only care and love but also practical help. 3. 由 and 或 both…and 连接的 两个名词 、 代词 作主语， 表示不同的人或事物时 ，句子的谓语动词用复数 eg: 1. Both John and Bob are going to university （大学） . 2. The writer and the politician are going to meet with our headmaster. 试比较 ： The writer and politician is going to meet with our headmaster. （指同一个人） 主语和谓语动词在数方面的一致性 易错知识点点拨 易错知识点点拨 似是而非英语大 PK ： a number of + 名词复数形式 表示 “ 大量；许多 ” 相当于 a lot of ，后跟谓语动词用 复数 形式 the number of + 名词复数形式 表示 “ … 的数量 ” 后跟谓语动词用 单数 形式 eg ： A number of young people have left the countryside for urban areas. The number of pandas in our country is increasing. ‘ 似是而非英语大 PK ： the rest of + 名词 / 代词复数形式 表示 “ 剩余的 / 余下的 …” 后接谓语动词的 复数 形式 the rest of + 名词 / 代词单数形式 表示 “ 剩余的 / 余下的 …” 后接谓语动词的 单数 形式 eg ： The rest of the bikes in that supermarket were still on sale. The rest of the milk in the kitchen was drunk by a cat. ‘ 华 哥 有话说 ： 类似用法的短语还有 most of, all of, any of, the last of, percent of( 百分之 ), half of, majority of( 绝大多数 ) 沙场秋点兵： 1. The head teacher with his students the park if it tomorrow. A. is going to; isn’t raining B. are going to; isn’t rainy C. is going to; won’t rain D. are going to; doesn’t rain 2. Climbing hills of great help to our health. A. was B. were C. is D. are 3.Either the students or the teacher him very well. A. know B. to know C. knows D. knowing Many Thanks For Watching To The End ! 2020 中考英语 “ 人机对话 ” 一 、 人机对话考试内容 听力测试 口语测试 二、人机对话试卷构成 测试采用人机对话形式进行听力和口语二合一考试，共五大题，满分 30 分 听对话回答问题（计 10 分） 听对话和短文答题（计 10 分） 朗读短文（计 3 分） 情景问答（计 4 分） 跟读与模仿（计 3 分） 三、测试内容 所学课文或难度略低于所学语言材料的短文 日常交际用语 日常生活话题 四、测试要求 听 能根据语调和重音理解说话者的意图 能听懂有关熟悉话题的谈话，并能从中提取信息和观点 能借助语境克服生词障碍，理解大意 能听懂接近自然语速的故事和叙述，理解故事的因果关系 四、测试要求 说 能比较连贯地朗读所学课文或难度略低于所学语言材料的短文 能根据情景提示用语回答问题 能就熟悉话题，根据所提供的信息，说一段话，不少于 7 句 在以上口语活动中语音，语调自然，语气恰当 五、评测标准 中考英语口语的考查是以完整性、准确性、流利性、韵律性 4 个标准来评测打分。 完整性，即朗读短文是否完整，话题表述是否对回答要点完整表述等； 准确性，则是将学生的发音与标准语音库进行对比，看差别打分，这套系统对此都能有效评测。 此外，更高的要求就是流利性和韵律性，对语速快慢、是否停顿重复、语音语调等作出评测。 六、 英语口语考试流程 1. 考生入座、考生登录 2. 佩戴耳麦、测试耳麦设备 3. 监考老师宣布开始考试，进入 5 秒倒计时 4. 12 分钟听力考试 5. 8 分钟口语考试 6. 考试结束，摘下耳麦放回原处，等待答卷自动上传 7. 在监考老师指令下有序退场 七、 充分做好宣传发动工作，提高重视程度，消除恐惧心理。 首先让学生了解人机对话考试到底是怎么回事，熟悉和掌握考试流程，严肃认真参加考试，按计算机提示进行操作，消除学生考前的紧张情绪和恐惧心理。 八 、技巧 指导 听力：巧妙预测；顺序答题；边听边记；抓关键词句；大胆猜测等等。 口语：指导停顿、连读、失爆、语调等朗读技巧方面，平时 课本文本内容尽量播放录音，教师少领读， 话题简述则着重突出选用句型、句子的连贯和符合要求的适度拓展等内容，让学生在实践中感悟。 九、提醒学生得分注意点 1 、耳麦要轻拿轻放，考试过程中不要随意摆弄已调整好的耳麦设备；戴好耳机后，音量适中；不要抢答，及时修正。计算机会按照读正确的那一遍来打分。但同时提醒，不要重复修正，那样会在流利性上失分。 九、提醒学生得分注意点 2 、考试是统一开始，统一结束，所有考生的答题时间和步骤都是一致的，不能越题答，更不能提前答。比如给 15 秒答题，你只花了 5 秒，此时也需要等 15 秒答题时间结束才能进入下一题。所以，考生不用着急作答。 九、提醒学生得分注意点 3 、口语部分的答题需要考生十分注意听语音提示，不要抢答。听到 “ 开始录音 ” 的提示，等 “ 嘀 ” 声开始后开始答题，此时录音设备才会将考生的答题内容录制下来。千万不能抢答， 否则就会出现漏录，影响了考生完整性得分。 十、训练措施 1. 朗读训练，增强语感，提高技能 2. 学生演讲，锻炼胆量，训练表达 3. 创设情境，搭建平台，听说互动 4. 小组合作，结对帮扶，共同进步 5. 上机模拟测试 Thank you for your attention!