最新中考英语复习资料第十讲 非谓语动词 原卷 12页

【备考 2019】英语 3 年中考 2 年模拟一轮专题复习学案第十讲 非谓语动词 原卷 考点分析 动词的非谓语形式包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式；其中分词又包含现在分词和过去分词两 种形式。它们在句子中不能单独作谓语，非谓语动词为中考必考考点，考点有动名词、动词不定式的基本 用法；动名词、动词不定式作宾语的固定搭配等。考题常在单项填空、完形填空、单词填空中设置 1－3 分的题。 知识梳理 一、动词不定式 思维导图记知识 1、形式：动词不定式基本形式由“不定式记号 to+动词原形”构成。它的否定形式只要在“to” 前面加上“not”。 它的疑问形式是：“wh-疑问词+to+动词原形”。*它的被动形式：“to be +过去分词”。*它的完成形式：“to have +过去分词”。 2、 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,即可以在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语 补足语。但不定式也保留动词的某些特征,即不定式后面可以跟宾语、表语和状语。动词不定式加上相关成 分就构成不定式短语。 3、动词不定式可以放在谓语前句子作主语。但是通常将作主语的动词不定式或不定式短语放在谓语后面, 而在主语位置用“it”作形式主语(有时在不定式的前面还会用 for sb.表示不定式的逻辑主语)。 如：To help animals is helping people.(帮助动物就是帮助人) It is very difficult (for us) to learn Chinese well.((对于我们而言)学好汉语是非常的困难) It took me half an hour to work out this problem.(解出这道题花了我一个小时的时间) 4、 动词不定式可以作谓语动词(及物动词)的宾语。 1）谓语动词(vt.) +不定式(作宾语)的词有： want(想) / try(试图) / decide(决定) / would like(想要) / hope(希望)/ love(喜爱) / learn(学会) / afford(提供)/ agree(同意) / fail(失败、未能) / mean(意味着) / prefer(宁愿) / wish(希望) + to (do) (无)/help(帮助)to 可以 省略/begin(开始)/ start(开始)/hate(憎恨) 也可跟动名词,意义变化不大 forget(忘记) / remember(记得)/ like(总爱) 也可跟动名词,意义变化较大 如：I would like to have a rest at the moment.(我现在想休息一下) They began to search the room for the thief.(他们开始在屋子里搜寻小偷) He liked to have a swim in the pool near his house.(他喜爱在靠家的水塘里面游泳) When did you learn to speak English?(你什么时候开始学英语的？) Don’t forget to close the door when you leave.(你离开时别忘了关门 [比较] He forgot to turn off the light.(他忘了关灯.) (没关) He forgot turning off the light.(他忘记关过灯.)(关了) Please remember to ring me up.(记得给我打电话.)(还没打电话) I remember calling you yesterday but you forgot.(我记得昨天给你打电话了,但是你忘记了.)(打过电话) 2）谓语动词+疑问词+不定式的词有： tell (告诉) / show (显示) / know (知道) / ask (问) / find out (发现) / understand (明白) / wonder(疑惑) / learn(学 会) / forget(忘记) / remember(记得) / teach sb.(教某人) / discuss(商讨) what /where/how + to (do)不定式疑问 形式还可以作句子的主语、表语等。 如：He does not know which one to take.(他不知道该选哪个) Tell me how to get to the station.(告诉我怎么样去火车站) She asked me what to do for today’s homework.(她问我今天家庭作业做什么) Can you teach me how to search the internet?(你能教我怎样上网吗？) 3)不定式作宾语而后面又有宾语补足语时,通常用 it 代替作形式宾语,而不定式则后置。 如： I found it not very easy to learn to ride a bike.(我发现学骑车不很容易) 4)动词不定式可以在句子中用作定语,放在名词或代词后面。 a key to lock the door 锁门的钥匙 a box to hold these things 装这些东西的箱子 give her a book to read 给她一本书读 Is there any (+名词/代词) to (do)? 有…要(做的)吗? It’s time to go. 是走的时间了。/ 该走了。Do you have any work to do? 你有工作要做吗? I’d like something to eat. 我要点儿吃的。I have nothing to say. 我没有话要说。 Would you like something to drink? 你要点儿喝的吗？ 5) 动词不定式可以在句子中用作状语,有下列几种情况： [A] 放在不及物动词(come, go, stop, finish, wait 等词)的后面。如：He came to see her yesterday.(他昨天来看 望她)(表示来的目的)/ I stopped to have a rest.(我停下来休息一会儿)(表示停下来的目的) [B] 放在完整的谓语之后(即“谓语+宾语”、“谓语+宾语+补语”、“动词+表语”之后)。如：We cleaned the room to let him play in it.(我们打扫了房间以便让他在里面玩)/ I opened the window to see more clearly.(我打开窗子 以便看得更清楚点儿) [C] 有时表示目的的不定式短语可以放在句首。如：To arrive there on time,I got up one hour earlier than usual.(为了按时到达,我们比平时早起了一个小时)(表示早起的目的) [注意] stop to do 与 stop doing 的不同。如：They stopped to have a look.(他们停下来看看)(不定式作“停下来” 的目的状语)/ They stopped looking out of the window and began to listen to the teahcher.(他们停止向窗外望,开 始听老师讲课)(动名词作宾语,表示“停止”的内容) 6)动词不定式可以在句子中用作表语,限用于连系动词之后。如：My job is to keep the goal.(我的工作就是守 住球门) 7)动词不定式可以在句子中用作复合宾语中的宾语补足语。 谓 语 动 词(vt.) + 宾语 (人 / 物) +不定式 (作宾语补足语) ask(请) / tell(关照) / teach(教) / want(想要) / would like(想 要) / get(让) / help(帮) / invite(邀请) / like(喜欢) / warn(警 告) / +sb. / sth. +to (do) make(使得) / let(让) / hear(听) / see(看) / feel(感觉) / watch(观看)/ have(使得) / help(帮助) +sb. / sth. + (do) 如：Mum asked me to help her with the cooking.(妈妈叫我帮助她做饭)/ I would like you to see my parents.(我 想要你见见我的父母)/ The boss often made the workers work 14 hours a day.(老板常让工人们一天工作 14 小 时)/ Now let me hear you play the violin.(现在让我来听你拉小提琴) [注意] help 之后做宾补的不定式符号 to 可以省略；hear / see / feel / watch 之后的宾补用不定式与现在分词 时,含义不同,需特别注意,(参见现在分词部分)。试比较： I heard her crying when I walked past.(我路过时听到她正在哭)(指当时瞬间的情况) I sat near her and heard her sing the new song.(我坐在她附近听她唱新歌)(指整个过程) 二、动名词 1、动名词由动词原形加词尾“ing”构成。动名词有动词的特征,可以跟宾语,可以被状语修饰；它也有名词的 特征,在句子中可以作主语、宾语(包括介词宾语)等。动名词加相关词语(宾语或状语等)构成动名词短语。 2、动名词可以作主语。一般可用 it 作形式主语而将动名词短语后移。如：Learning English all by yourself is not so easy.(自学好英语不那么容易)(=It is not so easy learning English all by yourself.) 3、动名词可以作宾语。 [A] want / need 之后用动名词时,含有被动意思。如：Your car needs reparing badly.(你的车急需修理。)(被 修)My hair needs cutting.(我要理发。)(头发被理) [B] remember / forge / stop / finish 之后用动名词时,与用不定式含义不同。如：I forgot to write a letter to him.(我忘了给他写封信)(根本没写) / I forgot writing a letter to him.(我忘了给他写过信)(写了却忘了) / They stopped to look back.(他们停下来向后看)(停下的目的是向后看) / They stopped looking back.(他们停止向后 看)(不向后看了) [C] enjoy / mind / keep / hate/ go 等词一般用动名词作宾语。如：Do you mind my closing the door?(把门关上 你介意吗？)/ She hates travelling by air.(她讨厌坐飞机旅行)/ They went swimming every afternoon.(他们每天 下午去游泳)/ I enjoy walking around the town.(我喜欢在镇上转悠) [D] like / love / start / begin / learn 后面用动名词时,与用不定式意思相近或相同。如：We began to study English when we were at primary school.(我们在小学时就开始学英语了) / We began studying English when we were at primary school. (我们在小学时就开始学英语了) 4、动名词可以作表语,此时特别注意不要与现在进行时混淆。如：My job is putting these parts together.(我 的事情是把这些部件拼起来) / I am putting these parts together.(我正在．．把这些部件拼起来) 5、动名词与现在分词构成相同,但是含义不同,动名词主要表示事情,而现在分词则主要表示进行着的动作。 如：Eating too much is not good for your health. (动名词短语,作主语) / Seeing is believing.(动名词短语,分别作 主语和表语) / He ran after a moving bus and got onto it.(现在分词,作定语) / His father saw him sitting on some eggs.(现在分词,作宾补) 三、分词： 包含现在分词和过去分词 1、主要区别：现在分词一般有主动的意思或表示动作正在进行的意思；过去分词有被动或动 作已经完成 的意思。分词可以有自己的宾语或状语。 2、分词或分词短语在句子中作定语、状语和复合宾语等。 [A] 作定语：分词作定语时,一般要放在修饰的名词之前,分词短语作定语时,则要放在所修饰的名词之后。 如：I have got a running nose.(我流鼻涕) / The woman running after the thief shouted very loudly,“Stop the thief!”(跟着小偷追的妇女大喊：捉小偷！) / Yesterday I met a man called Mr. Black.(昨天我遇见了一个名叫 布莱克先生的人)/ He only gave me a broken glass,so I was very angry with him.(他只给了我一个坏玻璃杯,所 以我很生他的气) [B] 现在分词可以作下列动词的宾语补足语。(参考不定式作宾语补足语) 谓语动词(vt.) 宾语 宾语补足语 keep(保持) / see(看到) / hear(听到) / watch(注 意到) / feel(感觉到) sb./sth. (do)ing 如：Mum kept me working all the week.(妈妈让我一个星期都在工作)/ When I entered the room,I saw Jack eating a big pear.(我进入房间时看到杰克正在吃一只大梨子)/ In the dark I felt something very cold moving on my foot.(黑暗之中我感到有个冷的东西在我的脚上移动) [C] 现在分词可以作状语,表示伴随情况。如：She came into the classroom,holding a pile of papers in her hand.(他走进教室,手上抓着一沓纸)/ I am very busy these days getting ready for the coming oral test.(这些日子 我正忙着准备即将来到的口语考试) [D] 过去分词可以作表语,放在连系动词后面,但要注意不要与被动语态混淆,“主系表”主要表示状态,而被动 语态则表示动作。常用过去分词作表语的结构有：be worried (焦虑) / be pleased (高兴) / be tired (疲劳) / get dressed (打扮好) / get lost (迷路) / get caught (遭遇) / beome frustrated (沮丧) / become intereted in (对…感兴 趣)等等。例略。 [E] 过去分词可以作宾语补足语。如：I had my hair cut this morning.(今天早上我让人给我理了发)(注意：have sth. done 表示动作由别人来做,而 have done sth.则为现在完成时的结构,两个结构不可以混淆) 考点突破 考点一：考查非谓语动词用作主语：不定式或动名词用作主语，而分词不能担任句子中的主语。 典例 1：(2018·湖南怀化)29.It’s necessary for us_______ English well. A. to learn B. learning C. learn 【解析】句意为： 学好英语对我们来说是必要的。It’s +形容词+for/of sb.+ to do sth.意为“做某事是……”。 其中 it 作形式主语，真正的主语是 to do…。结合选项可知 A 项符合。故选 A。 【答案】A 举一反三 1. （ ）(2018·广西河池) 37. —Could I go swimming with my friend, dad? 一 No, it’s very dangerous for you kids _________ swimming without adults. A. go B. going C. to go D. went （ ）2.(2018·甘肃天水)44.—You look worried. You’d better your problem with others. —Oh, yes. a problem is like cutting it in half. A.share, Sharing B.sharing, To share C.to share, To share D.share, Shared 考点二：考查非谓语动词用作宾语 典例 2：(2018•云南曲靖)When I saw my father _____ for me on a cold winter night. I couldn’t keep back my tears. A. wait B. waited C. to wait D. waiting 【解析】句意：当我看到我的父亲在一个寒冷的冬夜里等着我的时候。我无法抑制住我的眼泪。see sb. doing sth. 意为“看到某人正在做某事”；现在分词作宾语补足语。故选 B。 【答案】B 举一反三 （ ）1.（2018·云南）Our parents won’t allow us in the river alone. A. swim B. to swim C. swimming D. swam （ ）2.（2018▪甘肃兰州）33. Every morning, Tim often sees groups of middle-aged women in the square. A. dance B. to dance C. dincese D. danced （ ）3.---Mr. Wang，I have trouble _______the text．一 Remember ____it three times at least．[威海市] A．to understand；reading B understanding；reading C understanding；to read D．to understand；to read at night． （ ）4.[2017 武汉]--How are you feeling here? --It's quite hot. I don't know to go or stay. A. how B. when C. whether D. where （ ）5. [2017 贵阳]Many people think it's very important us learn English well. A. for, to B. to, to C. with, for 考点三：考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语原则上，所有的非谓语动词形式均可用作宾语补足语，其区别是： 不定式表未来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成和被动。 典例 3：（2018·广西百色）–Tom, why have you decided ________ Chinese folk music as a course? --Because I like Chinese culture very much. A. take B. taken C. to take D. taking 35. C 考查非谓语动词。句意：--汤姆，为什么你决定选择中国民间音乐作为一门功课？--因为我非常喜欢 中国文化。根据固定搭配 decide to do sth.（觉得做某事）可知选 C。 【答案】C 举一反三 1. （ ）(2018·广西北部湾)39 Our teacher often tells us in the river. It's dangerous. A. not swim B. not to swim C. to swim D. swimming 2.（ ）（2018·黑龙江绥化）My mother doesn’t allow me ______ outside too late on school nights. A. to stay B. stay C. staying 3.（ ）（2018·海南中考） The policeman warned the man______ after drinking. A. not to drive B. to drive C. driving 4.（ ） [2017 哈尔滨]Time goes by so fast. We must never miss the chance to show love for our parents and make them __________ how much they mean to us. A. to know B. knowing C. know 5.（ ）[2017 包头].--How do you feel when you see the national flag of China? ---It makes us ________proud. A. feel B. to feel C. felt D. feeling 考点四：考查非谓语动词用作定语 典例 4：（2018•贵州黔南)Parents should always tell their kids ________ with strangers. A. not to talk B. not talking C. to not talk D. not talk 【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：父母应该经常告诉孩子们不要和陌生人谈话。tell sb. not to do 告 诉某人不做某事，故选 A. 【答案】A 举一反三 1.（ ）He wants some water . A. to drink B. drink C.drinking 2. （ ）He has no friends to . A. talking to B. talked to C.talk with 考点五：、考查非谓语动词用作状语 典例 5：(2018·黑龙江齐齐哈尔) We set up this group ______ disabled people like Ben Smith. A. help B. to help C. helping 【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：我们建立这个组织是为了帮助像 Ben Smith 一样的残疾人。此处 用动词不定式表目的。故选 B。 【答案】B 举一反三 （ ）1.（2018. 贵州安顺）—You should do what you can your English, Li Ming. — OK, I will. Thank you, Ms. Hu. A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. improved （ ）2.(2018·甘肃天水)37.In order for the competition, my sister forced herself to get up early this morning. A.not to be late B.not being late C.to be late D.being late （ ）3.(2018四川成都中考)I got up early this morning________my grandma at the airport. A. to pick up B. picking up C. picked up （ ）4. (2017·河南·34)Whenever we kids come over，Auntie Susan just stands there and watches us ________ sure we don't break anything. A. make B. made C. to make D. making 真题在线 一、单项选择 （ ）1.(2018·江苏淮安）15. He explained again and again in order to make what he did ________. A. understand B. understood C. to understand D. understanding （ ）2. (2018. 贵州铜仁) —Listen! Who is singing in the next room? ——It must be Sally. I often hear her ________ there. A. singing B. sings C. to sing D. sing （ ）3.（2018·广西柳州）Look. Sam is doing some _____ in the library. A. to read B.reading C.read （ ）4. （2018·新疆阜康米泉）—Do you still remember _______ this group of friends in 2013? —Yes. But I forget where I _______them. A. seeing；meet B. to see；met C. seeing；met D. seeing；meeting （ ）5. （2018·新疆阜康米泉）He often takes time_________ summer holiday with his grandparents. A. to spend B. spend C. spent D. spending （ ）6. (2018·辽宁盘锦)Evans had a sore throat. His fiend advised him ______ some hot water. A. drinking B. to drink C. drink D. drank （ ）7. (2018•云南曲靖)When I saw my father _____ for me on a cold winter night. I couldn’t keep back my tears. A. wait B. waited C. to wait D. waiting （ ）9. （2018·云南）Our parents won’t allow us in the river alone. A. swim B. to swim C. swimming D. swam （ ）10.（2018▪甘肃兰州）33. Every morning, Tim often sees groups of middle-aged women in the square. A. dance B. to dance C. dincese D. danced （ ）11.(2018·黑龙江龙东) Tom, the umbrella with you. Look at the clouds, it’s going to rain! A. taking B. takes C. take （ ）12.（2018▪甘肃兰州）36. Bob’s father can’t stand soap operas. He enjoys sports games on TV. A. watch B. to watch C. watching D. watched （ ）13.(2018·广西梧州) Jim went to the library ______ some science magazines yesterday. A. borrow B. borrows C. to borrow D. borrowed （ ）14.（2018·贵州贵阳）Chinese parents always try their best a good education environment for their kids. A. provide B. to provide C. providing （ ）15. (2018 • 吉林长春) I go to my grandparents’ home ________ with their housework every Sunday. A. help B. helped C. to help D. helping （ ）16.(2018·青海) 37. This afternoon we’re going to have an English class, remember ______ your book. A. to finish B. to bring C. bringing （ ）17. （2018·黑龙江绥化）Would you mind ______ down the music? It’s too noisy. A. to turn B. turning C. turn （ ）18. （2018·黑龙江绥化）People are supposed ________ hands when they meet for the first time in America. A. shaking B. to shake C. shake （ ）19. （2018·黑龙江绥化）Nowadays, most people prefer to ______ computer games rather than_______ books. A. play; reading B. play; read C. playing; reading （ ）20. (2018·广东省)After long years of war, many people in Syria are homeless. I think it important a peaceful world. A. build B. not build C. to build D. not to build 模拟演练 （ ）1.（2018 四川宜宾）9. We all look forward to you again soon. A. see B. seeing C. seen （ ）2.（2018 重庆）29. Their parents don’t allow them _______ in the river because it’s really dangerous. A. swim B. swimming C. to swim D. swam （ ）3.（2018 四川乐山）7. –Julia, your mobile phone is ringing. –Wait a minute. It’s dangerous ______ it while crossing the street. A. answering B. answer C. to answer （ ）4.（2018 南京）6. Some people enjoy ______ out their messages in bottles when they travel on the sea. A. to send B. send C. sending D. sent （ ）5.（2018 湖南郴州）4. ----You can only keep the books for two weeks, Tom. Remember ____them on time. ---I will. A. return B. returning C. to return （ ）6.（2018 上海）39. Mr. Zhou is good at cooking and he has decided______his own restaurant. A)open B)opened C)to open D) opening （ ）7.（2018 上海）41. Sue practises______the violin hard and often gives wonderful performances. A)play B)played C)to play D)playing （ ）8.（2018 甘肃白银）14. My two cousins decide _______a business together. A. to start B. starting C. start D. started （ ）9.(2017·甘肃天水) 48. We’ll do what we can ___________ the sick man. A. to help B. help C. helps D. helped （ ）10.(2017·广东省)33. For more than once, our head teacher asks us _______ the habit of keeping a diary. A. develop B. develops C. developing D. to develop （ ）11.(2017·甘肃天水)33. Sleeping is a popular way ____________ among students. A. relax B. relaxed C. relaxing D. to relax （ ）12.(2017·四川达州) 30. —Do you prefer ________basketball with me? 一 No, I’d rather _________ at home and watch TV. A. play, stay B. to play, to stay C. play, to stay D. to play, stay （ ）13.(2017•四川成都) 34. Our English teacher wants us English stories out of class. A. read B. reading C. to read （ ）14.(2017·四川乐山) 31.—I didn’t hear you come in just now. —That’s good. I tried ______ the baby up. A. to wake B. not to wake C. waking （ ）15.(2017•四川南充) 27. —Mario, your mobile phone is ringing. —Wait a minute. It’s dangerous for us _______ it while crossing the street. A. answering B. to answer C. answer D. answered （ ）16.(2017•天津) 28. We only planned ____ the play for an hour, but in the end, we stayed for three hours. A. watch B. watches C. to watch D, watched （ ）17.(2017·甘肃白银)28. I look forward you soon. A. see B. seeing C. to see D. to seeing （ ）18.(2017·甘肃兰州)37. A nurse _______ Carolyn will look after the baby when his mother _____ away. A. naming... is B. naming...will be C. named ...is D. named…will be （ ）19.(2017·甘肃兰州)39. _____is the best way to keep a good relationship with your parents, teachers and other people around you. A. Active communicating B. Actively communicating C. Actively communication D. Active communicate （ ）20.(2017·湖南邵阳) My little brother didn’t go to bed until he finished______ his homework last night. A. do B. doing C. to do