19年中考英语真题 分类 专题16-4 阅读理解（议论文）（第02期）（解析版） 10页

‎2019年中考真题英语分项汇编 ‎（一）【2019 • 江苏省苏州市】‎ Athletics vs. Gardening The students of Southside School were asked to give their opinions about whether the school should run an athletic program or start a vegetable garden.‎ An athletic program is hatch better than gardening. How are we ever going to win anything at the Inter-School Athletics without proper training? At the moment, we only do athletics for one tam and the teachers train us. We need experts（专家）to teach us things like throwing and high jump.‎ ‎ ‎ I know lots of kids say they’re tot interested in competitions, but that’s because they’ve never won anything. If they got better training and started winning things, they’d soon change their minds.‎ People always say kids don’t get enough exercise. Just because you do gardening outdoors doesn’t make it exercise, so I don’t sec how it matters.‎ Athletics is much better for fitness and lots of kids can have a go at the same tine. I don’t think there would be enough jobs for everyone in a garden.‎ In fact, I think a garden is a really bad idea. I don’t know why we’re even considering it.‎ Liz, Grade 8‎ I think a vegetable garden is a great idea. We already do hours of sport, including athletics. And not everyone likes sport.‎ Gardening is a great way to get exercise without worrying about whether you’re any good at it, or whether you’re going to win. And you really do gel exercise when you garden. There’s digging, weeding and watering Even picking things can be hard work – pumpkins aren’t light you know!‎ There are lots of kids around here who don’t have gardens so they can’t grow things even they want to. If you really want to do more sport, you can join a club.‎ And think about it: What helps you to be good at sport? You need to eat lots of fruit and vegetables. If we learn to cook all the things we grow, the garden will keep us all fit and healthy and then we’ll be better at sport.‎ ‎ Sam, Grade 8‎ ‎5. Which of these points do Liz and Sam both make?‎ A. Kids should take exercise. B. Kids should eat vegetables.‎ C. Kids should try to win more. D. Kids should be outside more.‎ ‎6. What is one reason Liz gives for saying "a garden is a really bad idea"?‎ A. Some students don’t like getting dirty.‎ B. Some students don’t enjoy being outside.‎ C. Some students already know how to garden.‎ D. Some students may have no chance to garden.‎ ‎7. Why does Sam say, "And think about it.: what helps you to be good at sport?"‎ A. To change the subject. B. To introduce his next reason.‎ C. To support Liz’s idea. D. To find an answer to the question.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文以Liz和Sam为例，介绍了南城学校进行的应该开展体育项目还是开设菜园所展开的讨论，代表了两种对立的观点：Liz支持体育运动，Sam支持园艺；但是他们都认为应该让孩子们多锻炼身体。‎ ‎5. A【解析】题意：这些观点中哪一个是莉兹和山姆都提出的?考查细节理解。根据（Liz）Athletics is much better for fitness和（Sam）Gardening is a great way to get exercise 可知他们俩都认为应该锻炼身体，故选A。‎ ‎6. D【解析】题意：莉兹说＂a garden is a really bad idea＂的原因是什么?考查细节判断。根据I don’t think there would be enough jobs for everyone in a garden. In fact, I think a garden is a really bad idea.可知花园里不会有足够的工作给每个人，Some students may have no chance to garden.（有些学生可能没有机会种植花卉）符合句意，故选D。‎ ‎7. B【解析】题意：为什么萨姆说"And think about it.: what helps you to be good at sport?"考查细节判断。A.换个话题。B. 介绍他的下一个原因。C.支持利兹的想法。D.为了找到问题的答案。根据下文If we learn to cook all the things we grow, the garden will keep us all fit and healthy and then we’ll be better at sport.可知这是山姆支持园艺的另一个理由，故选B。‎ ‎（二）【2019 • 江苏省苏州市】‎ ‎ If you go shopping in any toy store, you can see clearly the different games and toys for boys and girls: there are a lot of pink toys on one side of the store for girls; and dark-colored cars, guns, and soldiers for boys. Some big stores with toys may even have a pink floor for girls and a blue floor for boys. In fact, it is difficult to buy a toy for a girl that is not pink.‎ Some people think that too much pink is bad for girls. Sue Palmer, writer of Toxic Childhood, is very worried that most girls over the age of three are crazy about the color. According to some scientists, this happens for two reasons. Firstly, most companies offer too many products in pink. Also, many parents think their little daughter looks cute in pink. Sue Palmer says that girls at this age cannot make proper decisions by themselves, but the pink can affect (影响) the choices and the decisions they will make in the future.‎ Some parents are worried too-for example, Vanessa Holburn, thirty-two, who has two girls under the age of four. Their bedrooms are a sea of pink and Vanessa is not happy. ＂Pink says that you are soft and gentle. Blue says that you are strong and powerful. I want my daughters to be strong and powerful. I’m worried that pink will not help them with that,＂ she says.‎ But not everyone thinks there’s something wrong with pink. Grayson Turner is a father of three girls and he isn’t worried at all. ＂People forget that things change all the time,＂ he says. ＂My girls used to love pink when they were little, but as they get older, they change.＂ Turner explains that his twelve-year-old daughter never wears pink clothes anymore. ＂This love of pink is just a fashion and all fashions change,＂ he adds. ＂It’s only since the 1940s that people have stated dressing girls in pink-before that it was a color for boys.＂‎ ‎12. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?‎ A. B. C. D. ‎ ‎13. The underlined word ＂that＂ in Paragraph 3 means __________.‎ A. being soft and gentle B. being strong and powerful C. being gentle but powerful D. being cute and beautiful ‎14. According to Grayson Turner, __________.‎ A. parents needn’t worry about pink toys B. all little kids love the color pink C. pink has always been a color for girls D. his girls now prefer the color blue ‎15. The purpose of this passage is to __________.‎ A. explain why girls are crazy about the color pink B. make parents less worried about the color pink C. encourage girls to give up playing with pink toys D. show people’s different opinions about the color pink ‎【文章大意】在给孩子买玩具或者衣服的时候，我们会发现很多女孩的玩具或衣服都是粉色的，而男孩的是蓝色的。但现在一些人担心太多的粉色对女孩是不好的，对于这个问题不同的家长有不同的看法。‎ ‎12. B【解析】主旨大意题。这个题目考查文章结构，根据文意可知，短文第一段提出了问题，第二段和第三段分别介绍了担心粉色对女孩不好的一些人和一些家长的看法；第四段则提出了反面的观点，即觉得粉色没有什么不好的这样的家长的看法。由此可知B选项符合文章的逻辑，故选B。‎ ‎13. B【解析】细节理解题。that是一个代词，代指上文提到的事情，根据它所在的语境＂Pink says that you are soft ad gentle. Blue says that you are strong and powerful. I want my daughters to be strong and powerful. I’m worried that pink will not help them with that,＂ she says.可知，Vanessa想让自己的女儿强壮、有力，但她担心粉色不能帮助女儿们那样。因此that代指的是上句话中提到的strong and powerful，故应选B。‎ ‎14. A【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第四段But not everyone thinks there’s something wrong with pink. Grayson Turner is a father of three girls and he isn’t worried at all.可知，Turner不觉得粉色有什么不好的，他觉得家长们不必为此担心。故应选A。‎ ‎15. D【解析】主旨大意题。根据短文第二段第一句话Some people think that too much pink is bad for girls.、第三段第一句话Some parents are worried too以及第四段第一句话But not everyone thinks there’s something wrong with pink.可知，这篇短文介绍了人们对粉色对孩子的影响的不同看法。因此应选D。‎ ‎（三）【2019 • 湖北省孝感市】‎ Last night, a school night, my 11-year-old son’s baseball team played a game that lasted until 9:30. By the time we got home and he had a quick dinner and shower, it was 10:30-an hour and a half later than a child who gets up at 6:30 should be going to bed. We love baseball. My son is having fun, getting exercise, and learning patience, teamwork and sports spirit. But the truth is that the game also influences his sleep.‎ As parents, we want good things for our children. We want them to be healthy both in body and in mind. To this end, we look for ways to help our kids grow and develop. We help them with their homework. We sign them up for dance, soccer and baseball. We encourage our kids to take honors courses（培优课程）or to have after-school jobs. And we praise them for hard-earned success and achievements.‎ However, the irony is that all of these activities and responsibilities that we are giving our children to make their lives colorful could be badly influencing their health and taking happiness away. Activities, responsibilities, and goals are good. But if we want our kids to realize their full physical, learning and social ability, sleep is important. We have to start taking sleep seriously.‎ Parents make bedtime routines and carry out（执行）strict rules about nighttime. But in fact, these measures（措施）aren’t enough because getting our kids, enough sleep isn’t just about carrying out stricter bedtime. It actually requires more than that. In order to ensure our kids get the sleep they need, bout parents and schools should make an effort.‎ ‎16. From the passage we know the writer’s son ________.‎ A. isn’t good at sports B. wastes time every night C. can’t get enough sleep D. always hangs out with friends ‎17. What does the underlined word "irony" mean in Chinese?‎ A. 光荣 B. 骄傲 C. 讽刺 D. 公正 ‎18. What does the writer think of taking honors courses at last?‎ A. Boring. B. Unnecessary. C. Interesting. D. Enjoyable.‎ ‎19. How can we make sure kids get enough sleep according to the write?‎ A. By making the children’s lives colorful.‎ B. By refusing all the after-school activities.‎ C. By carrying out strict rules about bedtime.‎ D. By making an effort from parents and schools.‎ ‎20. What would the writer probably talk about in the following paragraph?‎ A. Advice on how to sleep well. B. Ways of changing kids’ education.‎ C. The importance of sleeping well. D. Measures parents and schools should take.‎ ‎【文章大意】短文关注的是学生睡眠不足的问题，指出鼓励孩子参加培优课程或参加课外活动会严重影响孩子的睡眠健康，呼吁父母和学校应该做出努力确保孩子们得到他们需要的睡眠。‎ ‎16. C【解析】题意：从文章中我们知道作者的儿子睡眠不足。考查细节理解。根据it was 10:30-an hour and a half later than a child who gets up at 6:30 should be going to bed.和But the truth is that the game also influences his sleep.可知作者的儿子睡眠不足，He can’t get enough sleep.符合句意，故选C。‎ ‎17. C【解析】题意：带下划线的单词＂irony＂在汉语中是什么意思?考查词义理解。根据下文all of these activities and responsibilities that we are giving our children to make their lives colorful could be badly influencing their health and taking happiness away.可知我们的善意可能会带来坏的结果，这是很讽刺的，故选C。‎ ‎18. B【解析】题意：最后，作者对参加培优课程有什么看法?考查观点态度题。A. 无聊的；B. 不必要的；C.有趣的；D. 愉快的。根据Activities, responsibilities, and goals are good. But if we want our kids to realize their full physical, learning and social ability, sleep is important.可知培优课程对于孩子们而言不是必要的，故选B。‎ ‎19. D【解析】题意：我们如何确保孩子们有足够的睡眠?考查细节理解。根据In order to ensure our kids get the sleep they need, bout parents and schools should make an effort.可知需要父母和学校做出努力，By making an effort from parents and schools.符合文意，故选D。‎ ‎20. D【解析】题意：在接下来的段落中，作者可能会谈论什么?考查推理判断。A. 关于如何睡好觉的建议。B. 改变孩子们的教育方法。C. 睡好觉的重要性。D. 父母和学校应该采取的措施。根据In order to ensure our kids get the sleep they need, bout parents and schools should make an effort.可知接下来会谈论父母和学校如何做才能确保孩子们有足够的睡眠，Measures parents and schools should take符合文意，故选D。‎ ‎（四）【2019 • 贵州省安顺市】‎ For many years, sales of garlic in California had been little because of the much cheaper garlic from China. This year, however, California garlic sales are rising because American government increases tariffs（关税）on Chinese products.‎ Christopher, a garlic grower in California, is manager of his company and he said, "In a perfect world, we would love to see the tariffs on China."‎ Tariffs on Chinese garlic rose from 10% to 25% on May 9,2019,and the reason is that U.S President Donald Trump increased tariffs on Chinese products worth of $200 billion. Since then, Chinese buyers have almost stopped ‎ buying soybeans from the United States and American soybean farmers are now getting worried.‎ Not everyone likes the garlic tariffs in the U.S. Last July Christopher expressed his support on Trump’s policy（政策）. However, officials from McCormick and Company Inc. didn’t agree with the policy. McCormick’s CEO, Lawrence told Reuters（路透社）that without Chinese garlic America can’t go. Actually ,the trade war（贸易战）between China and America is a sign of American hegemony（霸权）,and it will destroy American economy and U.S government will lose its trust from other countries in the world.‎ ‎21. From the passage we infer（推理）that ___________.‎ A. America is buying garlic from China as much as before B. American soybean farmers make money as much as before C. China is still buying crops from America as much as before D. Garlic growers in California are making more money than before ‎22. Why is less Chinese garlic bought by America this year?‎ A. Because enough garlic is grown in California.‎ B. Because American government has increased tax（税收）on Chinese garlic.‎ C. Because China is not buying soybeans from America.‎ D. Because companies support American government.‎ ‎23. What does the underlined word "it" in the last paragraph refer to?‎ A. China B. the trade C. American hegemony D. a sign ‎24. How much tariff did American government increase on Chinese garlic On May 9,2019?‎ A. 15％ B. 25％ C. 10％ D. 35％‎ ‎25. According to the passage, who disagrees with the America policy of having tariffs on Chinese products?‎ A. Christopher B. Donald Trump C. California garlic growers D. Lawrence ‎【文章大意】本文通过大蒜谈论中美贸易战。‎ ‎21. D【解析】推理判断题。根据第1段For many years, sales of garlic in California had been little because of the much cheaper garlic from China. This year, however, California garlic sales are rising because American government increases tariffs（关税）on Chinese products.（多年来，由于中国的大蒜价格便宜得多，加州的大蒜销量一直很低。然而，今年，加州大蒜的销量正在上升，因为美国政府提高了对中国产品的关税。）可以推断出加州的大蒜种植者比以前赚了更多的钱；故选D。‎ ‎22. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第3段第1句Tariffs on Chinese garlic rose from 10% to 25% on May ‎ 9,2019,（2019年5月9日，中国大蒜的关税从10%上升到25%）可知今年美国购买的中国大蒜比较少是因为美国政府增加了对中国大蒜的税收；故选B。‎ ‎23. C【解析】细节理解题。此句Actually ,the trade war（贸易战）between China and America is a sign of American hegemony（霸权）,and it will destroy American economy and U.S government will lose its trust from other countries in the world.句意是：事实上，中美贸易战是美国霸权的标志，它将摧毁美国经济，美国政府将失去世界各国的信任。根据句意可知it指代＂美国霸权＂；故选C。‎ ‎24. A【解析】细节理解题。根据第3段第1句Tariffs on Chinese garlic rose from 10% to 25% on May 9,2019,（2019年5月9日，中国大蒜的关税从10%上升到25%）可知2019年5月9日，美国政府对中国大蒜增加了15%关税；故选A。‎ ‎25. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第4段第3句McCormick’s CEO, Lawrence told Reuters（路透社）that without Chinese garlic America can’t go.（麦考密克的首席执行官劳伦斯告诉路透社，没有中国大蒜，美国就不行。）可知，Lawrence（劳伦斯）不同意美国对中国产品征收关税的政策；故选D。‎ ‎（五）【2019 • 湖北省荆门市】‎ What does it take to graduate from university? Some papers or high scores in exams? Well, these are not enough if you are a student at Tsinghua University.‎ According to a new rule of the university, students must prove (证明) themselves in the swimming pool. They need to pass a swimming test of at least 50 meters, and those who fail the test will be required to take a swimming course throughout their school years. By the time they graduate, they will have known how to swim; otherwise they can’t graduate with their bachelor’s degrees(学士学位). ‎ The news made waves in Chinese social media (媒体). Some people praised the university for requiring a necessary skill that can save lives, and they also believed that the rule would help improve students’ health. However, others questioned if it was fair to expect those who come from inland cities (内陆城市) to be able to swim. ‎ In fact, this is not a new rule. Tsinghua University first made swimming a requirement in 1919 but later gave it up because the number of students became too large and there were not enough swimming pools in the school for them to learn swimming. ‎ Anyway, it is still good news that Chinese students’ health has become more and more valued. Why not just take this chance to learn one more life-saving ability?‎ ‎26. According to the passage, what does it take for a student to graduate from Tsinghua university?‎ A. Some papers. B. High scores in exams.‎ C. Passing a swimming test. D. All of the above.‎ ‎27. The underlined phrase ＂made waves＂ in Paragraph 3 most probably means _________.‎ A. caused a heated discussion B. spread widely C. made a requirement D. proved the rule ‎28. Why did Tsinghua University once give up the rule?‎ ‎① Because many students failed the swimming test. ‎ ‎② Because some people disagreed with the rule.‎ ‎③ Because there were too many students.‎ ‎④ Because there were not enough swimming pools.‎ A. ①② B. ②③ C. ③④ D. ①④‎ ‎29. What is the passage mainly about?‎ A. Different people hold different opinions about a new rule.‎ B. Tsinghua University has made a new rule of graduation.‎ C. Chinese students’ health should be more and more valued.‎ D. There is a new chance to learn another life-saving ability.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是新闻类阅读，介绍了清华大学的一项新规定，清华学生需通过50米游泳测试才能毕业，这一消息一经立即在社会上引发强烈关注。‎ ‎26. D【解析】题意：根据这篇文章，一个学生从清华大学毕业需要什么条件?考查细节理解。根据第一段和第二段They need to pass a swimming test of at least 50 meters, and those who fail the test will be required to take a swimming course throughout their school years.可知，除了毕业论文和考高分外，清华学生必须通过至少50米的游泳测试才能毕业，ABC三项都是必须条件，故选D。‎ ‎27. A【解析】题意：第3段中的划线短语＂make waves＂很可能意味着_________。考查词义理解。划线短语make waves本意是＂兴风作浪＂，根据段中赞成和质疑两种态度的对比，可知这一消息在社会上引起了激烈的讨论，caused a heated discussion符合段意，故选A。‎ ‎28. C【解析】题意：为什么清华大学曾经放弃这一规则?①因为许多学生没有游泳测试。②因为一些人不同意这个规则。③因为有太多的学生。④因为没有足够的游泳池。考查细节判断。根据Tsinghua University first made swimming a requirement in 1919 but later gave it up because the number of students became too large and there were not enough swimming pools in the school for them to learn swimming.可知，后来由于学生人数过多，学校里没有足够的游泳池供他们学习游泳，清华大学放弃了这一规则，③④两点符合文意，故选C。‎ ‎29. B ‎【解析】题意：这篇文章主要讲的是什么?考查文意理解。根据短文，可知本文报道的是清华学生需通过50米游泳测试才能毕业这一消息在社会上引发的强烈关注，Tsinghua University has made a new rule of graduation.符合文意，故选B。‎