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情景交际
【情景交际】
情景交际类单项填空题属于“语言功能”考核项目,考查学生的交际能力和对英美国家文化背景的了解。在解答该类题目时,要避开一些误区:
一忌上词下用(如不能用“No thanks.”回答“Thank you very much.”);
二忌中文思维(要充分了解英美文化);
三忌直接回绝(英美人拒绝请求或邀请时一般比较委婉);四忌答非所问(与问话不相关的选项可排除,分清相近选项,如With pleasure.“我很乐意。”和My pleasure./It’s a pleasure.“不用谢;不客气。”)。
要避免此类错误,我们不仅要分析语境,理解交际场合和意图,还要在平时的学习中积累常用功能意念交际项目的常用表达。部分常用表达归纳如下:
1.问候
类型
常用表达
直接问候
与应答
(1)—How are you?你好吗?
—I’m fine/OK,thanks/thank you.我很好,谢谢。
(2)—Nice to meet/see you.很高兴见到你。
—Nice to meet/see you,too.我也很高兴见到你。
(3)—How’s it going?/How are you doing?/How is everything going?/How is everything with you?/How are you getting on?/What’s up?近来可好?
—Pretty good./Very well./Everything is OK./Not bad.非常好。/一切都很好。/马马虎虎。
间接问候
与应答
—Say hi/hello to... /Please give my regards/best wishes to.../Please remember me to...向……问好。/请代我向……问好。
—Of course./Sure/Thanks,I will.当然。/当然/谢谢,我会的。
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2.感谢
类型
常用表达
感谢
(1)Thanks (a lot)./Thank you (very/so much)./Many thanks.(非常)感谢。
(2)Thanks/Thank you for...(因……)感谢你。
(3)It’s very kind/nice of you.你真是太好了。
(4)Thanks.That would be nice.谢谢,那太好了。
(5)Thank you all the same.还是得感谢你。
(常用于应答别人实际上没帮上忙时)
应答
(1)You’re welcome./Not at all./That’s all right./That’s OK./Don’t mention it./My pleasure./It’s a pleasure.不用谢。/不客气。
(2)I’m glad you like it.我很高兴你喜欢它。(常用于应答别人感谢你送的礼物时)
3.道歉
类型
常用表达
道歉
Sorry./I’m sorry./I’m sorry for/that...抱歉。/我很抱歉……
应答
That’s all right./That’s OK./Not at all./Never mind./It doesn’t matter./It’s nothing.没关系。
4.邀请
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类型
常用表达
邀请
(1)Will/Would/Can/Could you come to...?你能来……吗?
(2)Would you like to...?你愿意(想要)……吗?
(3)May I invite you to...? 我可以邀请你……吗?
接受邀请
(1)Sure/Yes,I’d love/like to.是的,我愿意。
(2)Yes.It’s very kind/nice of you.是的,你真是太好了。
(3)That would be nice.那太好了。
拒绝邀请
(1)No,thanks/thank you.不,谢谢。
(2) I’d love/like to,but...我很乐意,但是……
5.请求允许
类型
常用表达
请求允许
(1)May/Can/Could I...?我可以……吗?
(2)Can/Could/Will/Would you please...?请你……好吗?/你能……吗?
(3)Would you mind(not)...?你介意……吗?/请你不要……好吗?
(4)I wonder if I can/could...我想知道我能否……
肯定应答
(1)Yes./Sure./Certainly.当然可以。
(2)Of course,you can.当然了,你可以的。
(3)Yes,do please./Go ahead,please.是的,请。/请吧。
(4)OK./All right.好的。
(5)Certainly not./Of course not./Not at all.当然不介意。/一点也不介意。(常用于应答以上第3句)
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否定应答
(1)I’m afraid not.恐怕不行。
(2)You’d better not./Better not.(你)最好不要。(常用于应答以上第3句)
(3)I’m sorry (,but) you can’t...很抱歉,(但)你不能……
(4)I’m afraid it’s not allowed.恐怕这是不允许的。
(5)Sorry,I’m afraid I can’t.抱歉,我恐怕不行。
(6)Sorry,I/we won’t do it again.抱歉,我/我们不那样做了。(常用于应答由Would you mind not...?提出的请求)
6.寻求帮助
类型
常用表达
寻求帮助
Can you help me?/Can you give me a hand?/Can you do me a favor?你可以帮助我吗?
肯定应答
Sure./Certainly./Of course./No problem./With pleasure.当然可以。/没问题。/我很乐意。
否定应答
Sorry,I’m afraid I can’t.抱歉,我恐怕不行。
7.提供帮助
类型
常用表达
提供帮助
(1)Can I help you?我可以帮忙吗?
(2)What can I do for you?我能为你做些什么?
(3)Would you like me to help you?要我帮你吗?
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(4)Let me help you.让我来帮你。
肯定应答
(1)Yes,please.好的,请吧。
(2)Yes,thanks.好的,谢谢。
(3)Thanks.That would be nice.谢谢,那太好了。
否定应答
(1)No,thanks/thank you.不用,谢谢。
(2)That’s very nice of you.But I can manage it myself.你真好。但是我自己能处理(应付得来)。
(3)No,I can do it,but thank you all the same.不用,我可以自己做,但还是得感谢你。
8.建议&劝告、警告&禁止
类型
常用表达
建议&劝告
(1)What/How about...?……怎么样?
(2)Why not.../Why don’t you...?为什么不……?
(3)Shall we...?我们……好吗?
(4)Let’s...让我们……
(5)You’d better (not)...你最好(不要)……
(6)You should/shouldn’t ...你(不)应当……
(7)Remember to...记得去……
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警告&禁止
(1) You mustn’t... 不准/禁止……
(2) Don’t... 不要……
肯定应答
(1)Sounds great/good./Good idea./That’s /It’s a good idea./All right./OK.听起来不错。/好主意。/那是个好主意。/好的。(以上常用于应答别人提出的建议)
(2)Why not?为什么不呢?
(3)I can’t wait.我等不及了。
(4)OK,I will.好的,我会的。(常用于应答以上第7句)
(5)Thanks for your advice.谢谢你的建议。
否定应答
Sorry,I won’t.
对不起,我不会了。(常用于应答别人发出的警告)
9.祝愿&祝贺
类型
适用场合
常用表达
祝愿&祝贺
要去参加考试或比赛时
Good luck (to you)!/I wish you success! 祝你好运!/祝你成功!
取得好成绩时
Congratulations!/Well done!/Good job! 恭喜你!/干得好!
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要去旅行或参加聚会时
Have a good/great/nice/pleasant time/trip./Enjoy yourself./Have fun.旅途愉快。/玩得开心。
过生日时
Happy birthday! 生日快乐!
应答
Thanks./Thank you.谢谢!
应答公共节日
过春节、圣诞节等公共节日时
—Merry Christmas! 圣诞节快乐!
—Thanks.You too./The same to you.谢谢,你也一样。
10.赞美
类型
常用表达
赞美
(1)You look nice in red.你穿红色衣服很漂亮。
(2)Your new watch is cool.你的新手表很炫。
(3)The cake tastes so delicious.蛋糕太美味了。
应答
Thanks./Thank you.谢谢。
11.情感
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类型
常用表达
高兴
(1)How wonderful! 太棒了!
(2)I’m pleased/glad to know/hear that.
知道/听闻那事我很高兴。
满意
Good!/Well done!/Perfect!/That’s fine./That’s good enough.好!/干得好!/完美!/那很好。/那足够好了。
忧虑&应答
忧虑:(1)I’m afraid it’s too hard/difficult.恐怕这个太难了。
(2)I am/feel nervous.我感觉很紧张。
应答:(1)Come on.You can do it.加油。你可以的。
(2)Take it easy.别着急。
(3)Don’t worry.不要担心。
遗憾
(1)I’m so sorry.很抱歉。
(2)It’s a great pity.太遗憾了。
(3)What a pity/shame! 真遗憾!
同情
(1)I’m sorry to hear that.听到这个消息我很难过。
(2)That’s/It’s too bad.那太糟糕了。
12.打算
类型
常用表达
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打算与应答
(1)—What are you going to do tonight?今晚你打算干什么?
—Not much.没什么事。
(2)—Will you go...?你将去……吗?
—I’m afraid not.我恐怕不去。
13.观点&看法
类型
常用表达
观点&看法
(1)What do you think of...?/How do you like...?/How do you feel about...?你认为……怎么样?
(2)How was...?……怎么样?
应答
(1)Great./Wonderful./Fantastic.很好。/很精彩。/了不起。
(2)It was great./They are wonderful.它太棒了。/它们太完美了。
(3)I love them (very much)./I don’t mind them./I can’t stand them.我(非常)喜欢它们。/我不介意它们。/我忍受不了它们。
14.天气、日期
类型
常用表达
询问天气与应答
—What’s the weather like today?/How’s the weather today?今天天气怎么样?
—It’s fine/cloudy/windy/rainy/...晴天/多云/有风/下雨/……
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询问日期与应答
(1)—What day is it today?今天是星期几?
—It’s Monday.星期一。
(2)—What’s the date today?今天是几号?
—It’s June 1st.6月1日。
15.打电话
类型
常用表达
打电话方
(1)Could/May/Can I speak to...,please?请找……接电话,好吗?
(2)Who’s that (speaking)?你是哪一位?
(3)This is...(speaking).我是……
(4)Hello,is that...(speaking)?你好,你是……吗?
(5)I’d like to speak to...我想找……
(6)Could you ask him/her to call me back?您能让他/她给我回电话吗?
(7)I’m calling you to tell/ask you to...我打电话给你是想告诉/要你……
接电话方
(1)Speaking,please.请讲。
(2)Hold on (for a moment),please.请稍等。
(3)This is...(speaking).我是……
(4)I’m sorry/afraid he/she isn’t in at the moment/right now.对不起,他/她现在不在。
(5)Can I take a message?要我传个口信吗?
16.就餐
类型
常用表达
17
询问
(1)What would you like (to have)?你想要(吃/喝)些什么?
(2)Would you like something to eat/drink?你想吃/喝点什么吗?
(3)Help yourself to...请随便吃/喝点……
同意
(1)I’d like rice and chicken.我要米饭和鸡肉。
(2)A cup of tea,please.请给我一杯茶。
(3)Yes,some noodles,please.是的,来点面。
(4)Yes,I’d like a drink.是的,我要一杯饮料。
(5)Just a little,please.只要一点点。
拒绝
(1)No,thank you.(I’ve had enough.) 不用了,谢谢。(我已经吃饱了。)
(2)I’m full,thank you.我饱了,谢谢。
17.购物
类型
常用表达
寒暄语
—Can I help you?/What can I do for you?有什么可以帮您的吗?
—Yes,please.好的。
营业员
(1)How many/much...do you want?您想要多少?
(2)What kind/color/size do you like/want?你喜欢/想要什么种类/颜色/尺寸的?
(3)What/How about this?这个怎么样?
(4)Here you are.给你。
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顾客
(1)I want/would like to buy some...(for...)我想(为……)买一些……
(2)I’m looking for...我正在找……
(3)Have you got any other kind/color/size?你们还有其他种类/颜色/尺寸的吗?
(4)That looks nice/great.看起来不错。
(5)How much is it?(=How much does it cost?) /How much are they?这个/这些多少钱?
(6)Can/May I try it/them on?我能试一试吗?
18.看病
类型
常用表达
医生
(1)What’s the matter/trouble (with you)?/What’s wrong(with you)?/What’s up?你怎么了?
(2)How long have you been like this?你像这样多久了?
(3)There’s nothing serious.不要紧/不严重。
(4)You’d better have a good rest.你最好好好休息。
(5)Take this medicine and stay in bed for a few days.吃这个药并卧床休息几天。
(6)You will get better soon.你会很快好起来的。
病人
(1)I have a headache/stomachache/toothache/cold/cough/sore throat.我头痛/胃痛/牙疼/感冒了/咳嗽/喉咙痛。
(2)I’m not feeling well./I don’t feel very well./I feel terrible/bad.我感觉不舒服。
(3)There’s something wrong with my...我的……不舒服。
(4)I hurt my left leg./My left leg hurts.我的左腿受伤了。
(5)I can’t sleep well./I didn’t get enough sleep.我睡不好。/我睡眠不够。
【考点训练】
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1.—It is very nice of you to help me.
—__________. ( )
A.I agree B.Not yet
C.My pleasure D.No way2.—Would you like to see a movie with me tonight?
—_______.I have to do chores. ( )
A.Good luck B.Let’s go
C.No problem D.I’m afraid not
3.—My parents will bring me to Shanghai Disneyland the day after tomorrow.
—______. ( )
A.I’m sorry to hear that
B.It’s my pleasure
C.Best wishes to you
D.Have a good trip
4.—I’m sorry.I broke your tea cup.
—____.I have another one at home. ( )
A.It doesn’t matter B.You’d better not
C.My pleasure D.It’s too bad
5.—I’m very nervous the night before the big exam.
—_____.I’m sure you can make it. ( )
A.Take it easy B.Take your time
C.Go ahead D.Enjoy yourself
6.—You were amazing today!Well done!
—________. ( )
A.All right B.Thank you
C.Not yet D.Of course
7.—I had a pleasant winter vacation with my family in the north.
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—_______.( )
A.Oh,that’s nice of you.
B.Enjoy yourself!
C.Well done!
D.Glad to hear that.
8.—Let’s go to the movie after the test.
—_____. ( )
A.Not at all B.Never mind
C.It doesn’t matter D.Good idea
答案:CDDAABDD
【中考示例】
(2017·广西)—Sorry for being late.
—_____.( )
A.That’s sure. B.Here you are.
C.Never mind. D.Certainly.
【解析】考查情景交际。问句句意:抱歉迟到了。A项意为“那是真的”;B项意为“给你”;C项意为“没关系”;D项意为“当然”。由语境可知C项符合题意。
【考题热身】
1.(2017·云南)—Hello,is that Molly speaking?
—______. ( )
A.You’re welcome
B.Speaking,please
C.This way,please
D.Glad to hear that
2.(2017·云南)—_______?
—I want to buy a pair of sports shoes. ( )
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A.What’s wrong
B.What can I do for you
C.How much is it
D.What does it look like
3.(2017·云南)—Don’t throw rubbish everywhere,please.Building a civilized(文明的) city is our duty.
—_____. ( )
A.OK,I will B.You are joking
C.Take it easy D.Sorry,I won’t
4.(2017·云南)—It’s a little cold.Would you mind closing the window?
—_____.I will do it right away. ( )
A.Forget it B.No,you can’t
C.Not at all D.Of course
5.(2017·武汉)—How is everything going?
—_____. ( )
A.Everything is finished
B.Nothing has been done
C.Not so bad,you know
D.Not doing wrong,you see
6.(2017·甘肃)—Do you think it’s going to rain this afternoon?
—____.We’re just planning to have a picnic later this afternoon. ( )
A.I hope not B.I expect so
C.Yes,it was D.No,I won’t
7.(2017·天津)—We have won the first prize in the match!
—____.( )
A.Never mind. B.Nice work!
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C.Have a good trip! D.Wait a moment!
8.(2017·荆州)—It’s nearly lunch time.How about having some noodles and dumplings?
—_____. ( )
A.You’re welcome
B.That’s right
C.That’s nice of you
D.That sounds good
9.(2017·苏州)—He’s too short to be a successful basketball player.
—_____.Every dog has its day. ( )
A.I think so B.It’s hard to say
C.That’s right D.You’d better not
10.(2017·长春)—Would you like to go to the movies with me this Sunday?
—_____.I’ll be free that day. ( )
A.Sorry,I can’t B.Yes,I do
C.Yes,I’d love to D.No,I wouldn’t
11.(2017·盐城)—I had a very good time at the charity show.Thanks for your invitation.
—_____. ( )
A.All right B.You are welcome
C.Good luck to you D.Not too bad
12.(2017·泰州)—Mum,I’ll take an important test tomorrow.
—Don’t be nervous.____,Sandy! ( )
A.Good luck B.Good idea
C.Well done D.Have a good time
13.(2017·滨州)—Our team lost the basketball game and I feel very sad.
—_______.I believe you can do better next time.
( )
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A.It’s right B.It’s exciting
C.It’s not a big deal D.It’s not a good idea
14.(2017·温州)—Mum,I’m going to school now.See you.
—______,Mary. ( )
A.Here we go B.Wait a moment
C.My pleasure D.Have a nice day
15.(2017·上海)—______
—Congratulations! ( )
A.Sorry for breaking the glass.
B.How are you feeling today?
C.I was awarded first prize in the writing contest.
D.Why not take the underground to the university?
答案:BBDCCABDBCBACDC
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