【备考2019】英语3年中考2年模拟专题复习学案第十二讲 被动语态 解析卷 19页

‎ ‎ ‎【备考2019】英语3年中考2年模拟专题复习学案第十二讲 被动语态 解析卷 考点分析 ‎ 被动语态是历年来中考的考点之一。在备考被动语态时，我们一定要彻底地弄明白，英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。主动态和被动态指的是动词形式，是词法概念;而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构，是句法概念。所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。被动语态的考题一般出现在单线选择、完型填空和句型转换中。‎ 知识梳理 ‎ ‎ 一、被动语态概述 思维导图记知识点 ‎ ‎ 一、语态概述 ‎　　英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。例如：Many people speak English.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。‎ ‎　　主动态和被动态指的是动词形式，是词法概念;而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构，是句法概念。所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。例如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句)The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句)‎ 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。‎ ‎　　一般现在时：am/is/are+taught ‎　　一般过去时：was/were+taught ‎　　一般将来时：will/shall be+taught ‎　　现在进行时：am/is/are being+taught ‎　　过去进行时：have/has been+taught ‎　　现在完成时：have/has been+taught 歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。　‎ 三、被动语态的用法 ‎(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。‎ 例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)‎ ‎(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。‎ 例如：the window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。‎ This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。‎ 歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要;动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。‎ 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 ‎(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。‎ ‎(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)‎ ‎(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：‎ ‎ ‎ ‎　　All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people.‎ ‎　　They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made?by them?in the factory.‎ 歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。‎ 五、含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。‎ 歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”，原来带to要保留。例如：‎ We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days.‎ You ought to take it away. It ought to be taken away.‎ ‎(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。‎ 六、主动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题：‎ ‎①“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语。‎ 如：His teacher gave him a dictionary.→He was given a dictionary by his teacher.(老师给他一本字典→他得到老师一本字典)也可以用直接宾语做被动句的主语,但是需用to或者for引出原句的间接宾语。如：His teacher gave him a dictionary.→A dictionary was given to him by his teacher.(老师给他一本字典→一本字典由老师送给了他)His father made him a kite.→A kite was made for him by his father.(他的父亲给他做了一个风筝→一个风筝由他的父亲做给了他)‎ ‎②“动词+宾语+动词原形”改为被动时,动词原形前要加to.如：The boss made the poor man work 12 hours a day.→The poor man was made to work 12 hours a day.(老板让这个可怜的人一天工作12小时→这个可怜人被迫一天工作12小时)‎ ‎③“动词+…+介词”改为被动时,介词一般在原位不动。如：The girl takes good care of her little brother.→The girl’s little brother is taken good care of by her.(女孩照顾小弟弟→女孩的小弟弟由她照顾着)‎ ‎④“be+过去分词”未必表示被动语态,而可能是系表结构。如：‎ He is pleased / worried / tired /…….(系表)(他高兴/焦虑/疲劳……)‎ He was hit / knocked down / told / shot / .(被动)(他被击中/撞倒/关照/射中……)‎ 七、 句型转换中主动语态变被动语态的方法：‎ 在句型转换中主动语态变被动语态我们一定要按“一变二套三注意”‎ 一变 变主动为被动或变被动为主动时 ，把原句的主语和宾语互换，注意被动语态的构成“be + 过去分词”。‎ 如：We grew a tree yesterday. →A tree was grown yesterday by us.‎ ‎ ‎ 二套 被动语态的构成为“be + 过去分词”。在不同的时态中，过去分词保持不变，而be动词随着时态有不同的变化，如：am/ is/ are（一般现在时）；was/ were （一般过去时）；have/ has been( 现在完成时)；am/ is/are being （现在进行时）等。若含有情态动词，则用“情态动词+ be + 过去分词”结构。‎ 例如：The flowers are being watered by them. 他们正在浇花。‎ The plan has been found by me. 钢笔已经被我找到了。‎ Homework must be finished first. 必须要先完成作业。‎ 三注意 ‎① 句中含有双宾语如give/ buy sb sth 时，一般要把间接宾语（sb）变成被动句的主语，若将直接宾语( sth ) 变成主语，则在间接宾语前加上介词to或for。常用to的介词有give, show, pass, hand, lend, send 等；常用介词for 的动词有borrow, buy, make 等。‎ 如：The eraser was passed to me at last. 最后，橡皮被传递给了我。‎ A new toy was bought for me as my birthday present by him.‎ 他给我买了一个玩具，作为我的生日礼物。‎ ‎② 主动句中，谓语是含有介词或副词的动词短语，变为被动句时，介词或副词不能省略。常见的词组有listen to, take care of, pay attention to 等。‎ 如：We often talk with the old politely. →The old are often talked with politely by us.‎ ‎③ 主动句中作宾补的不带to的动词不定式，变被动时要加上to.常见的词组有hear/ see sb do sth, make sb do sth 等。‎ 如：we make the boy stand outside.→The boy was made to stand by us.‎ 考点突破 考点一：将语态与主谓一致、倒转、介词结合起来命题 典例1 （2018重庆）32. --- Who’s the little girl in the photo, Laura?‎ ‎--- It’s me. This photo _______ when I was five.‎ is taken B. takes C. was taken D. took ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】根据was知道用过去时，排除A和B，而主语无法发出动作，只能是承受者，故用被动语态，排除D。‎ 举一反三 ‎ ‎（ ）1.（2018河北省）34. Look at the picture. The top five TV plays ________ in it. ‎ A. list B. are listed C. will list D. will be listed ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】 B ‎ ‎【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：看这张图片，最好的五个电视剧在上面列出了。由语境得知“The top five TV plays”与list之间存在被动关系；由“Look at the picture”得知是一般现在时，因此为一般现在时的被动语态，故选B。‎ ‎（ ）2.(江苏省 宿迁市2018)13. This kind of pen _____, and is also very cheap. I think you can buy some.‎ A. writes well B. writes good C. is written well D. is written good ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】句意：这种笔写得很好，也很便宜。我想你可以买一些。考查动词语态和副词辨析题。write写，动词，需用副词修饰，good是形容词，可排除BD两项。write这个动作是由pen发出的，不可用被动语态，可排除C项。根据句意结构和语境，可知选A。‎ ‎（ ）3.（2018安徽省）44. The weatherman says a rain shower _____ this afternoon in the south.‎ A. expects B. expected C. is expected D. was expected ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意：天气预报员说预计今天下午南方会有阵雨。句子主语a rain shower与选项动词之间是被动关系，时间为现在，故选C。‎ ‎（ ）4.（2018 北京）11. A new international airport in the city next year.‎ A. completes B. is completed C. will complete D. will be completed ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句意：一个新型国际机场明年将在这个城市建成。根据（next year）可知，句子为将来时态，因主语机场与选项是被动关系，故选D。‎ ‎（ ）5.(2017•湖北咸宁) 33.一What do you think of the latest TV play the Name of People?‎ ‎ 一It’s very popular. Millions of families _________ by it during that time.‎ A attracted B. are attracted C. were attracted D. were attracting ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查被动语态的用法。句意：——你认为最近播出的电视剧《人民的名义》怎么样？——它非常受欢迎。在那段时间，数百万的家庭深深被这部电视剧所吸引。根据答语句意以及“during that time”可知，要用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。‎ 考点二、 在语境中将语态与时态结合起来命题 典例1(2017·广东省)42. The waiter told me that free parking _______ for the hotel guests. ‎ A. provides B. provided C. will be provided D. was provided ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查动词的被动语态。宾语从句的主语free parking与动词provide存在被动关系，应用被动语态，排除A与B两项；又根据前面told可知此空用一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。‎ 举一反三 ‎（ ）1.(2017·河北) 35. Hangzhou ______ as the City of Silk. Tourists like shopping for silk there.‎ A. knows B. is known C. was known D. will be known ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查被动语态的用法。句意：杭州 _____丝绸之城。旅游者喜欢到那里购物。结合句意，可知应该用被动语态；根据下句的语境可知为一般现在时态。故选B。‎ ‎（ ）2.(2017·甘肃天水)40. The boy was seen ____________ computer games in the net bar.‎ A. play B. played C. playing D. to play ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】考查被动语态。句意：男孩儿被看到在网吧玩电子游戏。在被动语态句子中，需将不定式符号to还原。故选D。‎ ‎（ ）3. (2017·四川乐山) 22. It’s not your turn yet. Please wait on the chair over there until you ______. ‎ A. are calling B. have called C. are called ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查被动语态。句意：还没轮到你，请在那边的椅子上等一等直到有人喊你。you与谓语动词call是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。‎ ‎（ ）4.(2017•天津) 34. Let’s wait and see whether books _______ by the Internet in the future. ‎ A. replace B. replaced C. will be replaced D. were replaced ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】考查动词的被动语态。句意：咱们等着瞧（看看）未来书是否被因特网所取代。根据句中的in the future，可知该题是一般将来时；其次books与replace之间是被动关系，因此本题是一般将来时的被动语态。故选C。‎ ‎（ ）5. (2017·安徽)Mr. Green ______ to sing an English song at the party and he sang well.‎ A. was invited B. invited C. is invited D. invites ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查动词语态辨析。句意：Mr. Green受邀在这次聚会上唱了英语歌曲，并且他唱得很好。由句意知，句子的主语Mr. Green是动词invite的承受者，应用被动语态表达，排除B、D；从后一分句sang知，“受邀”的动作已经发生过，应用一般过去时态表达，排除C。故选A。‎ ‎ ‎ 真题在线 1. ‎(2018▪山东莱芜) 33- — Laiwu has developed a lot in the last few years.‎ 一Yes. And the high-speed rail _______ in 2020.‎ ‎ A. completes B. is completed C. will be completed D. will complete ‎【解析】考查被动语态的用法。句意：——在过去的几年里，莱芜发展变化很大。——是的。并且在2020年高铁将要建成通车。主语the high-speed rail和谓语动词complete之间是被动关系，in 2020是表示将来的时间状语，故动词要用一般将来时的被动语态will be completed。故选C。‎ ‎【答案】C ‎2.（2018•云南曲靖)Nowadays China ____ for its new “four great inventions”—shared bicycle, electronic payment, high-speed railways and online shopping.‎ A. was knowing B. was known C. is knowing D. is known ‎【解析】句意：如今，中国以其新的“四大发明”而闻名——共享自行车、电子支付、高速铁路和网上购物。be known for意为“因……而知名”，由时间状语nowadays可知用一般现在时，故选D。‎ ‎【答案】D ‎3.（2018•新疆乌鲁木齐） --Can you go to the movies with me tonight?‎ ‎--I have to ask my mum. If I , I will go with you.‎ A. allow B. allowed C. am allowed D. was allowed ‎【解析】句意：——今晚你可以和我去看电影吗？——我得问问我的妈妈。如果我被允许，我会和你去。该句为if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”的原则，故排除B、D两项；又结合句意应为被动语态，故选C。‎ ‎【答案】C ‎4.（2018·广西玉林）—What do you know about the 2018 Russia FIFA World Cup?‎ ‎—Oh, I only know that the last game ________ on July 15. ‎ A. was played B. is played C. will be played D. will play ‎ ‎【解析】句意：—你知道2018年在俄罗斯举办的世界足球杯吗？—奥，我只知道最后一场决赛将在7月15进行。最后一场足球赛与谓语动词play属于被动关系，7月15日是一个表示将来的时间，故用一般将来时被动语态，构成为：will be+过去分词，故选C。‎ ‎【答案】C 5. ‎(2018·辽宁葫芦岛)—Light-rail vehicle（轻轨） in our city in two years.‎ ‎ —Good news.‎ A. builds B. built C. will be built D. is built ‎ ‎ ‎【解析】句意为：轻轨列车在两年后在我们城市 。好消息。builds建造，一般现在时；built建造，一般过去时；will be built将被建造，一般将来时的被动态；is built被建造，一般现在时的被动态。从时间状语in two years在两年后可知此处时态应与一般将来时且主语与build之间存在被动关系，因此需用一般将来时的被动态。故选C。‎ ‎【答案】C ‎6. (2018·辽宁辽阳)As far as we know, the 2022 Winter Olympics △ in China.‎ A. hold B. are hold C. will hold D. will be held ‎【解析】考查动词的语态。句意：众所周知，2022年冬奥会会在中国举行。结合句意可知，2022年表将来，冬奥会被举行，表被动，故用一般将来时的被动语态，故选D。‎ ‎【答案】D ‎7. (2018·辽宁盘锦)—______ the theme park ______ in Shanghai two years ago?‎ ‎—Yes, it's about Chinese traditional culture.‎ A. Does; build B. Did; build C. Is; built D. Was; built ‎【解析】考查动词时态辨析。句意：—上海的主题乐园2年前建成了吗？—是的，是有关中国传统文化的。根据two years ago可知用一般过去时，又句子的主语与动词谓语为动宾关系，应用被动语态。故选D。‎ ‎【答案】D ‎8. （2018•辽宁沈阳）There will be fewer workers in factories because most work by robots in the future.‎ A.is done B. was done C. will be done D. will do ‎【解析】考查被动语态。句意：未来工厂里会有更少的工人因为大多数工作由机器人______。主语most work与谓语动词是被动关系，by 引导动作的执行者，故要用被动语态；由时间状语in the future可知是将来时, 故用一般将来时的被动语态。‎ ‎【答案】C ‎9. (2018·广西梧州)—Your hometown is beautiful, and the air is really fresh.‎ ‎—Yes. Many trees and flowers ______ around here every year. ‎ A. plant B. are planted C. was planted D. will plant ‎【解析】考查动词的时态与语态。答语主语Many trees and flowers 是动作的承受者，所以用被动语态；再根据时间状语every year可知用一般现在时。故选B。‎ ‎【答案】B ‎10.（2018.吉林）33. The school music festival ______ next Monday.‎ A. was held B held C will be held ‎ ‎ ‎【解析】考查被动语态的用法。 句意：学校音乐节下周一举行。the school music festival作主语，强调动作的承受者，用被动语态，且由next Monday可推知用一般将来时的被动语态，故选C。‎ ‎【答案】C ‎11. (2018·江苏徐州) The latest mobile phone _______ in China.‎ ‎ A. will make B. has made C. is making D. is made ‎【解析】考查动词的被动语态。根据句意：最新的手机在中国制造。推断本句是被动语态。选项中ABC都是主动语态。is made 是被动语态的结构。故选D。‎ ‎【答案】D ‎12.(2018·辽宁本溪）A new primary school _____ in this village next year.‎ A. will build B. will be built C. is built D. is building ‎【解析】考查被动语态的用法。句意：一所新的小学将于明年在这个村庄建成。句中主语school是动词build的承受对象，是被动关系，应用被动语态；又根据句中时间状语next year可知，应用一般将来时，故选B。‎ ‎【答案】B ‎13. (2018 • 吉林长春) We Chinese ________ by the touching documentary Amazing China.‎ ‎ A. encourage B. encourages C. are encouraged D. are encouraging ‎【解析】考查动词的语态。句意：我们中国人被感人的纪录片《辉煌中国》鼓舞了。主语we Chinese是动作encourage这个动作的承受者，因此该句应用被动语态。故选C。‎ ‎【答案】C ‎14.(2018·内蒙古呼和浩特)10.— People，especially the young， by their friends．‎ ‎— That’ s true．Friends play an important part in everyone’ s life．‎ A.easily influences B．is easily influenced C.are easily influenced D．influenced easily ‎【解析】 考查被动语态的用法。句意：—人们，特别是年轻人容易被他们的朋友影响。—那是真的。朋友在每个人的生活中七重要作用。句中主语the young与谓语动词influence是被动关系，应用被动语态；而且the young“年轻人”表示复数。故选C。‎ ‎【答案】C ‎15.(2018·青海) 28. —Why are you working so hard on telling stories in English? ‎ ‎— Because the best story tellers _________ to an international Summer Camp.‎ A. are chosen B. were chosen C. will be chosen ‎【解析】考查被动语态的用法。句意：——你为什么如此努力地下功夫用英语讲故事？——因为讲故事最好的选手______参加国际夏令营。答语中的主语the best story ‎ ‎ ‎ tellers和谓语动词choose之间是动宾关系，故动词要用被动语态。由“are you working so hard”可知：现在努力做准备，是为了将来“被推选上”，故用一般将来时的被动语态will be chosen。故选C。‎ ‎【答案】C ‎16.. （2018·新疆阜康米泉） The boy thinks he shouldn't ________ what to do because he is 18 now.‎ A. tell B. tells C. telling D. be told ‎【解析】考查动词语态。句意：这个男孩认为他不应该被别人告知去做什么，因为他现在18岁了。tell告诉，动词原形；tells第三人称单数形式；telling现在分词；be told被告诉。根据句意可知，从句中的主语he和动词tell构成被动关系，应用被动语态。故选D。‎ ‎【答案】D ‎17. (2018·广东省)Many shops in China to shut down as a new law against ivory(象牙) trade came into effect on January 1st, 2018.‎ ‎ A. ordered B. didn’t order C. were ordered D. weren’t ordered ‎【解析】考查被动语态。句意：当一项新的反对象牙贸易的法律从2018年1月1日生效起，中国的许多商家被要求杜绝象牙贸易。本题中，语境意为“被要求”，故用被动语态，而as引导的时间状语为过去时，故主句的被动语态也要求用过去时。故选C。‎ ‎【答案】C ‎18. (2018·湖南湘西) —Your ring looks nice.‎ ‎—Yes, and it _____in Thailand.‎ A. makes B. made C. was made ‎【解析】考查一般过去时被动语态。句意：——你的戒指看起来真漂亮。——是的，并且它产在泰国。分析句意可推知：用作主语的是强调动作承受者“戒指”，故采用被动语态，故选C。‎ ‎【答案】C ‎19. (2018·湖南湘潭) Chinese _______ by more and more people around the world.‎ ‎ A. is spoken B. speak C. speaking ‎【解析】考查被动语态。句意：世界上越来越多的人说汉语。主语Chinese是动作的承受着，故应用被动语态，根据句意应用一般现在时的被动语态，故选A。‎ ‎【答案】A 20. ‎(2018•湖北十堰)34. Too much time______ on computer games by most teenagers every day. And their parents are worried about their health and study.‎ ‎ A. spends B. is spent C. has spent D. spending ‎【解析】考查动词的语态 ‎ ‎ ‎ 句意：大多数青少年每天把很多时间花费在电脑游戏上，他们的父母很担心他们的健康和学习。主语too much time与谓语动词spend是被动关系，要用被动语态。故选B。‎ ‎【答案】B ‎21.(2018 湖北恩施)34. If you are caught smoking in the kitchen, you by your boss.‎ A. will fire B. are fired C. will be fired ‎【解析】考查动词的被动语态。“如果你抽烟被发现了，会被老板解雇的”。A不是被动语态，B时态不对。‎ ‎【答案】C ‎22. (2018• 湖北咸宁)—The 19th National Congress of the CPC(中共十九大) ________ in Beijing last year.‎ ‎— Our country has been into a new era (时代) since then.‎ A. held B. was held C. has held D. had held ‎【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：——中共十九大去年在北京举行。——从那时开始我们国家进入新时代。通过last year可知是过去时。十九大应该是被举行。故选B。‎ ‎【答案】B ‎23. （2018•四川泸州)Two bridges over the river five years ago in our city.‎ A. build B. built C. were built D. are built ‎【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：五年前，我们的城市里建起了两座桥。根据后面的表示过去的具体时间状语five years ago可知要用一般过去时，再结合主语是复数名词two bridges，并且它与动词build构成动宾关系，此处要一般过去时的被动形式，故选C。‎ ‎【答案】C ‎24. (2018·黑龙江齐齐哈尔) FIFA World Cup ________ every four years. Guess which team will win in 2018 Russia FIFA World Cup?‎ A. is held B. was held C. will be held ‎【解析】考查被动语态的用法。根据句意可知，世界杯每四年举办一次，此句应为一般现在时。故选A。‎ ‎【答案】A ‎25. (2018·河北) Look at the picture. The top five TV plays _______ in it.‎ A. list B. are listed C. will list D. will be listed ‎【解析】考查动词语态。句意：看看那图片，最好的五部电视剧都列在其中。根据句意知，本句的主语the plays是动作list的承受者，应用被动语态表达，排除A、C两项；从语境知，这五部电视剧现在就出现在这个图片里，因此本句应用一般现在时态。故选B。‎ ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎ 模拟演练 ‎1.（2018·海南中考） Look at the trees on both sides of the streets. They ______ last spring.‎ A. planted B. were planted C. were planting ‎【解析】考查时态和语态。由时间状语last spring可知此处应用一般过去时；又因为tree是主语，是plant的承受者，故用被动语态。故选B。‎ ‎【答案】B ‎2. （2018•广西贵港中考)Children under 12 years old ride sharing bikes. It’s too dangerous.‎ A. shouldn’t allow to B. shouldn’t allow C. shouldn’t be allowed to D. shouldn’t be allowed ‎【解析】考查被动语态的用法辨析。句意：12岁以下的孩子们不应该被允许骑共享单车。太危险了。根据语境可知应用allow的被动语态形式be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事。故选C。‎ ‎【答案】C ‎3. (2018·湖南岳阳)Our classroom by students every afternoon.‎ A. is cleaned B. was cleaned C. cleans ‎【解析】考查动词的被动语态。句意：我们的教室每天下午被学生们打扫的很干净。根据句中的every afternoon，可知该题是一般现在时；其次classroom与clean之间是被动关系，因此本题是一般现在时的被动语态。故选A。‎ 4. ‎(2018江苏扬州)12. —What are you watching?‎ ‎— The Story of China. This part ______ at China Block Printing Museum of Yangzhou in 2014.‎ A. filmed B. was filmed C. has filmed D. is filmed ‎【解析】考查动词的语态。句意：—你正在看什么？—《中国故事》。这部分于2014年在扬州中国印刷博物馆拍摄。主语this part与谓语film之间为被动关系，时间状语in 2014，表示过去。故此题考查一般过去时的被动语态。其基本结构为：was/ were+及物动词的过去分词。故选B。‎ ‎【答案】B 5. ‎(2018·江西)34. Kids have to take many after-school classes. They _____ hard to study for good grades. ‎ A. push B. are pushed C. are pushing D. have pushed ‎【解析】考查动词语态。句意：孩子们必须参加很多课后课程。他们努力学习以求好成绩。push动词原形，一般现在时；are pushed一般现在时的被动语态；are pushing 现在进行时；have pushed现在完成时。讲述客观事实，要用一般现在时；主语They(kids)与push之间是被动关系，故选B。 ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎6. (2018·四川资阳)Tea, the most popular drink in the world, ______ by accident in China.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ A. discovered B. is discovered ‎ C. will be discovered D. was discovered ‎【解析】考查动词语态辨析。句意：世界上最受欢迎的饮料—茶，是在中国偶然发现的。主语tea与动词discover存在被动关系，应用被动语态，排除A项，且根据常识可知，茶已经存在多年了，是在许多年前被发现的，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。‎ ‎【答案】D ‎7. (2018·湖北襄阳)—The Forum(论坛)on China-Africa Cooperation Meeting will take place in Beijing this year.‎ ‎—Yes. I hear thousands of guests ______to the meeting then.‎ A. will be invited B. will invite C. are invited D. invite ‎【解析】将来时的被动语态。——关于中非合作关系论坛会议今年将在北京举行。——是的，我听说成千上万名客人将被邀请到会。由will take place可知，会议还未举行，guest与invite之间存在被动关系。所以考查将来时的被动。故选A。‎ ‎【答案】A ‎8.（2018·广西桂林）If you use mobile phone while driving, you ______ by police.‎ A. are caught B. will catch C. will be caught ‎【解析】考查动词语态。句意：开车时，如果你使用手机，你会被警察逮住。该句为if引导的条件状语从句，在条件状语从句中，如果从句用一般现在时，主句则用一般将来时，结合句中by police可知要用被动语态，故选C。‎ ‎【答案】C ‎9.(2018·广西河池) 36. A new high speed train railway station _______ in Hechi in five years.‎ ‎ A. will build B. will be built C. has built D. has been built ‎【解析】考查被动语态的用法。句意：五年后在河池市一座新的高铁火车站将会建成。主语railway station与谓语动词build之间是动宾关系，故谓语动词要用被动语态。由句中的时间状语“in five years”可知要用一般将来时的被动语态will be built。故选B。‎ ‎【答案】B ‎10. （2018. 贵州安顺）Andy, with his parents, Hong Kong, and some shopping by them.‎ A. have gone to; will do B. has gone to; will be done C. have been to ; will do D. has been to; do ‎【解析】考查谓语动词时态和被动语态。句意：安迪和他的父母去了香港，他们会去买东西。可知他们去了香港不在说话之处，因此，用has gone to;句子后半部分主语是物，有by标志是被动语态，故选B。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎11.(2018·北京中考）A new international airport ______ in the city next year.‎ A.completes B. is completed C. will complete D. will be completed ‎【解析】考查被动语态。句中主语与谓语动词构成动宾关系，应该使用被动语态；根据句中时间状语next year判断使用一般将来时。故选D。‎ ‎【答案】D 12. ‎(2018福建A卷) 32. Paper-making _____ by the Chinese in the Western Han dynasty(朝代).‎ ‎ A. is invented B. invented C. was invented ‎【解析】考查被动语态。句意：中国在西汉时发明了造纸术。造纸术是在过去被发明的，因此应用一般过去时态的被动语态，结构为：was/were+done，。故选C。‎ ‎【答案】C ‎13.（2018山东菏泽）23. It is believed that tea ___ to Korea and Japan from China during 6th and 7th centuries.‎ A. brought B. was brought C. is brought ‎【解析】考查一般过去时被动语态。句意：人们认为茶是在6和7世纪期间传到朝鲜和日本的。由时间during 6th and 7th centuries可推知用一般过去时，排除C；且句子强调动作承受者，故用一般过去时的被动语态，选B。‎ ‎【答案】B 13. ‎(2018·甘肃天水)31.A new robot by a middle school student last term.‎ A.invented B.was invented C.invents D.is invented ‎ 【解析】考查被动语态的用法。句意：上个学期一个中学生发明了一个新机器人。句子的主语A new robot和谓语动词invent之间是动宾关系，故句中的谓语动词要用被动语态。由句中的时间状语last term可知要用一般过去时的被动语态，且句子主语是单数。故用was invented。故选B。‎ ‎【答案】B ‎15.(2018·四川达州)—Final exam is coming,Tom.Don’t watch TV for too long.‎ ‎—I’m not a child any more.I ______ what to do.‎ A.should always be told B.should always tell C.shouldn’t always be told D.shouldn’t always tell ‎【解析】考查动词语态辨析。句意：——汤姆，快期末考试了。不要长时间看电视。——我不再是个孩子。不用经常告诉我应该做什么。由句意知，答语中的主语I是动词tell的承受者，应用被动语态表达，排除B、D；从句意知，这里讲的是不应该，应用否定表达，排除A。故选C。‎ ‎【答案】C ‎16.(2018·四川达州)—I have a bad cold,mom.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎—Oh,dear!You’d better ______ a doctor with me in a minute.‎ A.will see    B.see    C.not see    D.seeing ‎【解析】考查动词语态的用法。句意：——妈妈，我得了重感冒。——哦，亲爱的。你最好马上跟我去看医生。had better(not) do是固定用法，从句意知，这里应是see，故选B。‎ ‎【答案】B ‎17. (2018·四川南充)—What a terrible rainstorm it was last night!‎ ‎—Yes, many old trees and houses .‎ A. pull down B. were pulling down C. were pulled down D. pulled down ‎【解析】考查动词的语态。句意：—昨晚的暴风雨是多么可怕啊！—是的，许多老树和老房子都被摧毁了。选项A是主动，一般现在时；选项B是主动，过去进行时；选项C被动，一般过去时；选项D主动，一般过去时。根据句中的“last night”可知是一般过去时态；树和房子的摧毁是由暴风雨造成的，它们之间存在动宾关系，故用被动语态。故选C。‎ ‎【答案】C ‎18. (2018·重庆A)The 2022 Winter Olympic Games _________in China. I'm sure ‎ it will be a great success.‎ A. hold B. will hold C. were held D. will be held ‎【解析】考查动词的被动语态。句意：2022冬季奥林匹克运动会将在中国举行，我相信将会获得很大成功。根据句中的2022，可知该题是一般将来时；其次Winter Olympic Games与hold之间是被动关系，因此本题是一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。‎ ‎【答案】D ‎19. (2018·安徽)The weatherman says a rain shower ______ this afternoon in the south.‎ ‎ A. expects B. expected C. is expected D. was expected ‎【解析】考查动词语态辨析。句意：这个天气预报员说，预计今天下午在南方有阵雨。从句意知，宾语从句的主语a rain shower是动作expect的承受者，应用被动语态，排除A、B；从语境知，本句说的是现在对天气的预测，应用一般现在时态表达。故选C。‎ ‎【答案】C 20. ‎(2018·湖南益阳)29. If you are over 18 years old, you _____ to drive a car in our country. ‎ A. can allow B. can’t allow C. can be allowed ‎【解析】考查被动语态。句意：如果你已满18岁，在我们国家你会被允许驾车的。本句主语是动作的承受者，因此用被动语态。故选C。‎ ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎ ‎21. (2018·南京) —Simon, do you know who invented the kite?‎ ‎—Sure! It ________ by Mozi over 2,000 years ago.‎ A. is invented B. invented C. was invented D. will be invented ‎【解析】考查动词时态及语态。句意：—西门，你知道谁发明了风筝吗？—当然，风筝是在2000多年前墨子发明的。根据后面的“by”及句意可知此处应用被动语态；又根据时间状语“over 2,000 years ago”可知应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。‎ ‎【答案】C 20. ‎(2018·山东临沂) 20. Jane _______ to call me last night, but she didn’t.‎ A. supposed B. supposes C. was supposed D. is suppose ‎【解析】考查动词的被动语态。句意：詹妮昨天晚上应该打电话给我的，但她没有。be supposed to意为“应该；被期望”。由下文语境“她没打电话”可知是“应该”，应用be supposed to do sth；其次根据句中的last night，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。‎ ‎【答案】C ‎23. (2018四川成都中考)The opening of the 2018 Word Cup ______ in Russia this evening. So after our English exam, let's go and watch it to relax ourselves!‎ ‎ A. would be held B. is held C. will be held ‎【解析】 此题考查时态和被动语态。句中“after our English exam, let's go and watch it to relax ourselves!”提示this evening还没有到来，所以要用将来时，只有C满足时态要求;再看动词与主语之间的关系，动词为hold,主语为the 2018 World Cup，根据句意理解世界杯是被举办的，所以在满足时态的基础上还要满足被动语态要求，故选C。‎ ‎【答案】C 21. ‎（2018·四川德阳）23. The telephone by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.‎ A. invent B.was invented C. is invented D. invented ‎【解析】考查被动语态。句意：电话是在1876年被亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔发明的。主语telephone和动词invent存在被动关系，时间状语in 1876提示用一般过去时，故用一般过去时态的被动语态。选B。‎ ‎【答案】B ‎25.(2018·四川乐山) — Look, what an old bridge! It looks so special!‎ ‎ — Yeah, it ______ nearly 500 years ago.‎ A. was building B. was built C. has built ‎【解析】考查被动语态的用法。句意：— 看，多么古老的桥！它看起来如此特别！— 是的，它差不多是500年前建造的。句中主语it与谓语动词build是被动关系，应用被动语态，故选B。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎26.(2018·天津) Dr Bethune ____________ still_________ in both China and Canada today.‎ ‎ A. is; remembered B. is remembering C. will; remember D. has; remembered ‎【解析】考查被动语态的用法。句意：如今白求恩医生仍然被中国和加拿大的人民纪念。根据句意可知本句须用一般现在的被动语态，须用 is remembered。故选A。‎ ‎【答案】A ‎27. （2018·重庆B卷）—Who’s the little girl in the photo, Laura?‎ ‎—It’s me. This photo _____ when I was five.‎ A. is taken B. takes C. was taken D. took ‎【解析】考查动词的被动语态。句意：——劳拉，照片中的小女孩是谁？——是我，这照片是在我五岁的时候拍的。这里主语”phone”是动作对象，所以要用被动语态，根据”when I was five”，可知句子应用过去时态，故选C。‎ ‎【答案】C ‎28. (2018·湖南郴州)—Do you know when and where the 24th Winter Olympic Games ________?‎ ‎ —In Beijing and Zhangjiakou, in 2022.‎ A. is held B. will be held C. will hold ‎【解析】考查动词的被动语态。句意：你知道第24 届冬奥会在什么时间什么地点举行吗？2022年在北京和张家口。A选项是一般现在时的被动语态；B选项是一般将来时的被动语态；C选项是一般将来时。由时间状语可知，指将来。并需要用被动结构。故选B。‎ ‎【答案】B 29. ‎(2018·湖南邵阳)28. _______ Wugang Airport _______ last year? ‎ A. Did; build B. Had; built C. Was; built ‎ ‎【解析】考查被动语态。主语Wugang Airport是动作的承受者，所以用被动语态；由时间状语last year可知用一般过去时。故选C。 ‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎