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第二讲 冠词（原卷）
考点分析
中考英语主要考查冠词的基本用法、零冠词的情况、习惯用语中冠词的位置及使用。卷面中冠词所占分值约为 3-7分左右，一般分布在单选、完形填空、短文填空及写作中。近几年中考对冠词的考查重点是不定冠词a和an的区别，定冠词及零冠词。对冠词的习惯用法的考查是主要考点之一，所以对此类用法一定要熟记在心。另外在学习中，应充分重视对最基本的冠词知识的理解、掌握，同时注意冠词活用的问题。做题时要弄清句子中的单数名词、复数名词或不可数名词及泛指、特指等概念。预计2018年命题趋势仍可能是定冠词与不定冠词的区别和冠词的习惯用法。冠词是一种虚词，不能在句子中作独立成分，要用在名词的前面，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物。它不能离开名词而单独存在，因此，可以说冠词就是名词的一种标志。在英语中，冠词分为不定冠词(a和an)和定冠词(the)两种：不定冠词一般用于单数名词前，表示泛指；定冠词既可修饰可数名词(单复数均可)，又可修饰不可数名词，表示特指。
知识梳理
一、 冠词的分类
思维导图记知识点
英语中冠词有不定冠词a / an和定冠词the两种,常放在名词的前面,用来限定名词的意义,起泛指或特指的作用。
冠词
分类
用法
举例说明
不定冠词
a
用在辅音开头的单数名词前面
a dog
an
用在元音开头的单数名词的前面
an orange
定冠词
the
在可数名词的单数或复数或不可数的名词前面
the apple/the apples
一、 不定冠词a / an的用法
思维导图记知识点
不定冠词a / an用在单数名词的前面,a用在辅音开头的词前面; an用在元音开头的词的前面。
(1) 表示某一个人或东西,但不具体说明何人或何物。
如：There is a dog lying on the ground.(有一只狗躺在地上。)
(2) 表示某类人或事物,以区别于其他种类。
如：A elephant is much stronger than a man.(大象比人强壮多了。)(不能译为：一头大象比一个人强壮。)
(3) 表示某类人或事物中的任何一个。
如：He is a teacher of English.(他是英语教师。)
(4) 表示“一”这个数量。
如：There is a table and four chairs in that dining-room.(在那个餐厅里有一张桌子和四把椅子。)
(5) 几个用不定冠词的习语：a bit(一点), a little(一点), a few(几个), a lot (许多), a kind of(一种), a pair of(一副、一双), a number of(大量的), a piece of (一张、一片), half an hour(半小时), have a good time(玩得开心), have a cold(感冒), make a noise(发出嘈杂声)等等。
二、 定冠词the的用法
思维导图记知识点
定冠词the用在可数名词的单数或复数或不可数的名词前面。
1、定冠词的基本用法：
(1) 表示特指的人或事物。
如：The man with a flower in his hand is Jack..(手上拿着一朵花的男人是杰克)
(2) 指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。
如：Look at the blackboard,Lily.(莉莉,请看黑板。)
(3) 复述前面提到过的人或事物。
如：There is a man under the tree. The man is called Robert.(树下有个人, 那个人叫罗伯特。)
(4) 表示世界上独一无二的事物。
如：The earth turns around the sun.(地球绕太阳旋转。)
(5) 用在表示方位的名词前面。
如：There will be strong wind to the south of the Yangtze River.(长江以南地 区将会刮大风。)
(6) 在序数词和形容词最高级的前面。
如：Who is the first one to go?(谁第一个去？)
Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth.(在所有的恒星之中太阳离地球最近)
(7) 常用在乐器名称的前面。
如：He began to play the violin at the age of 5.(五岁时他开始拉小提琴)
(1) 用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称的前面。
如：I have never been to the Himalaya Mountains.(我从没有去过喜马拉雅山)
(2) 用在含有普通名词的专有名词的前面。
如：He is from the United States of America.(他来自美利坚合众国)
(3) 用在姓氏之前表示一家人。
如：The Greens are going to Mount Emei next month.(下个月格林家要去峨眉山)
(4) same之前一般用the。
如：Lucy and Lily look the same.(露西和莉莉看上去长得一样)
(12)几个用定冠词的习语：at the same time (与此同时),make the bed(铺床),in the end(最后),all the time(一直),by the way(顺便说一下),on the way(在路上)等等。
2、一些不用冠词的情况：
(1) 专有名词和(第一次使用)一些不可数名词时前面通常不用。
如：China is a very large country.(中国是个大国)
Man needs air and water.(人类需要空气和水)
(2) 名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词作定语时不用。
如：My pen is much more expensive than yours.(我的钢笔比你的昂贵多了)
(3) 周名,月名或季节名前一般不用。
如：He was born on Monday, February 18,1995.
They usually plant trees on the hills in spring.(春天他们通常在山上植树)
(4) (第一次使用)复数名词表示人或事物的类别时不用。
如：Men are cleverer than monkeys.(人比猴子聪明)
(5) 三餐饭前不用。
如：We have breakfast at home and lunch at school.(我们在家吃早饭,在校吃午饭)
(6) 节、假日前一般不用。
如：On Children’s Day the boys often get presents from their parents.(在儿童节,这些男孩经常得到父母的礼物)
(7) 球类名词前不用。
如：The children play football on Saturday afternoons.(孩子们星期六下午踢足球)
(8) 城市的重要/主要建筑物名称前不用。
如：They are now at People’s Cinema.(他们此刻在人民电影院)
(5) 一些习惯用语中不用。
如：(1)at / to / from / out of / after / for school; (2) in / to / for / after class; ⑶in / to / out of / into bed; ⑷ after / at/ from / out of / to work; ⑸ at / to sea; ⑹ in / from / down / to town; ⑺ at / from home; ⑻ at / for / to breakfast/lunch/supper; ⑼ at night/noon/midnight; ⑽ on foot; ⑾ go to school/bed; ⑿ on top of; ⒀ in front of; ⒁ on show/display/duty/watch; ⒂ in / out of hospital; ⒃ at all; ⒄ on/in time; ⒅ at first/last/once; ⒆ in Chinese/English,etc.; ⒇ take care of
考点突破
考点一：不定冠词a / an的用法
典例1：（2018天津）21. There Is ____old piano in ______corner of the living room.
A. an; the B. an; 不填 C. a; the D. a; a
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查冠词。单词 old 为元音因素开头，因此表示“一个”需要使用不定冠词 an，而后面的位置表示在客厅的角落里，使用词组 in the corner of， 因此需加 the。
举一反三
（ ）1.（2018江苏省连云港）1. Zanco, American tech company, made tiniest phone in the world-the Tiny 11.
A. the; a B. an; / C. /; a D. an; the
（ ）2.（2018重庆）21. I believe that _________ apple a day keeps the doctor away.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
（ ）3.(江苏省 宿迁市2018)1. There will be______talk on good manners at the school hall this afternoon.
A. the B. an C. a D. /
考点二：定冠词the的用法
典例2、(2018·浙江温州) 1.—This photo makes me think of _______ trip to the Great Wall last year.
—Yeah, we had a great time there.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】C
【解析】考查冠词的用法。句意：—这张照片使我想起去年去长城的旅游。—对，我们在那儿玩得很开心。 特指去长城的旅游，用定冠词the。故选C。
举一反三
（ ）1.(2018·四川达州) 21.—Do you like _________ movie Dangal?
—Yes. It’s________ educational movie. I like it very much.
A. the, an B. a, an C. a，the D. the, a
（ ）2.(2018·四川南充) 21. —Who’s _______ boy under the tree?
—Bill. He’s _______ active boy.
A. a, an B. a, the C. the, a D. the, an
（ ）3.(2018•天津) 21. Shenzhen is on ____ coast near Hong Kong. It was _____ small village many years ago.
A. a; the B. the; a C. 不填; 不填 D. the; the
（ ）4.(2018·甘肃白银、武威)6. moon is very bright at night.
A.A B. An C.The D./
考点三：零冠词的用法
典例1：(2018·湖南永州)21. Do you have ____ lunch at school on weekdays, Scott?
A. a B. the C. /
【答案】C
【解析】考查冠词辨析。句意：斯科特，你平日在学校吃午饭吗? 一日三餐前不用冠词。故选C。
举一反三
（ ）1、（2018•黔南州）---Mary，who's_____woman over there？
---She's my aunt，____English teacher．
A．the；the B．a；the C．a；an D．the；an
（ ）2、（2018•泰州）When leaders of Chinese mainland（大陆）and Taiwan met in Singapore for_____first time since 1949，President Xi said，"Today will be remembered in______history．"
A．the；the B．the；/ C．/；/ D．/；the
【答案】B
【解析】第一空后为序数词，其前必须加the，第二空后是单词history，它和in 搭配意思是历史上，是固定搭配，故in和history间什么也不填，故答案为B
（ ）3.（2018•荆门）---Do you know____girl with long curly hair？
---Yes．She is Mary．She plays____piano very well．
A．a；/ B．the；/ C．the；the D．a；the
真题在线
（ ）1.（2018天津）21. There Is ____old piano in ______corner of the living room.
A. an; the B. an; 不填 C. a; the D. a; a
（ ）2.（2018江苏省连云港）1. Zanco, American tech company, made tiniest phone in the world-the Tiny 11.
A. the; a B. an; / C. /; a D. an; the
（ ）3.（2018重庆）21. I believe that _________ apple a day keeps the doctor away.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
（ ）4.(江苏省 宿迁市2018)1. There will be______talk on good manners at the school hall this afternoon.
A. the B. an C. a D. /
（ ）5.(江苏省 宿迁市2018)2. The Dragon Boat Festival falls_________ May or June every year.
A. in B. on . C. at D. between
（ ）6.（2018 湖南郴州）1. ---My daughter seldom has breakfast.
---It’s ________unhealthy habit. Breakfast is very important to health.
A. a B. an C. the
（ ）7.（2018上海）27. Hurry up! The concert will begin in_________ minute.
A. a B. an C.the D./
（ ）8.（2018甘肃白银）6. The man is driving at 40 kilometres_________ hour.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
（ ）9.（2018 河南省）21. Are you going to_____ football match tonight?
一1 wish I could, but I'm meeting _____ VIP from Oklahoma.
A an; an B. an; a C. the; an D. the; a
（ ）10.（2018四川宜宾）2. Every morning he spends hour doing exercise, then he goes to work.
A. an; B. a; a C. a;
（ ）11.(2017·湖南常德) 21.—What's this?
—It's ________ watch.
A. a B. an. C. the
（ ）13.(2017·广东省)26. I went to _______ supermarket to buy _______ birthday gift for my aunt yesterday.
A. an; a B. a; a C. the; / D. /; the
（ ）14.(2017·甘肃天水) 26. —Do you know how to spell __________ word “napkin” (纸巾) in English?
—Yes. It begins with ___________ “n”.
A. the, a B. the; an C. a, an D. the, the
（ ）15.(2017·浙江温州) 1.—This photo makes me think of _______ trip to the Great Wall last year.
—Yeah, we had a great time there.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
（ ）16.(2017·四川达州) 21.—Do you like _________ movie Dangal?
—Yes. It’s________ educational movie. I like it very much.
A. the, an B. a, an C. a，the D. the, a
（ ）17.(2017•四川成都) 31. I want to be engineer when I grow up.
A. a B. an C. the
（ ）18.(2017·四川乐山) 25.—Did you get up late this morning?
—Yes, so after ______ quick breakfast, I had to run to office.
A. 不填 B. the C. a
（ ）19.(2017·四川南充) 21. —Who’s _______ boy under the tree?
—Bill. He’s _______ active boy.
A. a, an B. a, the C. the, a D. the, an
（ ）20.(2017•天津) 21. Shenzhen is on _______ coast near Hong Kong. It was _______ small village many years ago.
A. a; the B. the; a C. 不填; 不填 D. the; the
（ ）21.(2017·甘肃白银、武威)6. moon is very bright at night.
A.A B. An C.The D./
（ ）22.（2017·湖北随州） Lang Lang is _____ famous pianist. He plays _____ piano very well.
A. a; the B. the; the C. the; / D. a，/
（ ）23. (2017·湖南邵阳) This is ________ interesting story for the kids.
A. an B. a C. /
（ ）24.（2017•湖南湘潭）21. It is very useful to read English aloud for half hour every day.
A. a B. an C. the
（ ）25.(2017·湖南益阳) 21. I bought ______ useful dictionary yesterday. ______ dictionary is very cheap.
A. a; A B. a; The C. an; The
（ ）26.(2017·湖南永州)21. Do you have ____ lunch at school on weekdays, Scott?
A. a B. the C. /
（ ）27.(2017·湖南岳阳) 21. —Ben, is physics your favorite subject?
—Yes, and it is important one.
A. a B. the C. an
（ ）28.(2017•湖南株洲) 26. I ordered a hamburger and salad. hamburger was nice but the salad was not delicious.
A. An B. The C. A
（ ）29.(2017·江苏连云港) 1. Donald Trump,________ 71 -year-old businessman, was chosen_______ President of the US last year.
A. a; a B. a; / C. the, a D. the; the
（ ）30.(2017·江苏泰州) 1. Dangal (《摔跤吧！爸爸》), ______ Indian film, has become one of ______ most popular films in China.
A. a; / B. a; the C. an; the D. /; the
（ ）31、（2016•黑龙江）-Who is ______ girl behind the tree？
-Which one？The one with ______ umbrella？
A．a； the B．the； an C．the； a
（ ）32、（2016•绵阳）Jason likes ______ shape of the cake．It is ______ heart．
A．the； a B．a； the C．the； the D．a； a
（ ）33、（2016•黔南州）---Mary，who's_____woman over there？
---She's my aunt，____English teacher．
A．the；the B．a；the C．a；an D．the；an
（ ）34、（2016•泰州）When leaders of Chinese mainland（大陆）and Taiwan met in Singapore for_____first time since 1949，President Xi said，"Today will be remembered in______history．"
A．the；the B．the；/ C．/；/ D．/；the
（ ）35、（2016•雅安）Beijing is capital of China．
A．a B．an C．the D．/
（ ）36、（2016•黔东南州）Jim has____useful book．____book is very interesting．
A．the；A B．an；A C．a；The D．an；The
（ ）37、（2016•河南）---Kate，are you only child in your family？
---Yes，but new baby is on the way．
A．a； the B．an； the C．the； a D．the； the
（ ）38、（2016•宿迁）---Have you read a book called"The Merchant of Venice"？
---Yes．_______ book is very interesting．
A．An B．A C．The D．/
（ ）39、（2016•威海）---Would you please turn off___TV？
---OK，just a moment．
A．a B．an C．the
（ ）40、（2016•连云港）-Dong Guijun is _____ first man of Lianyungang to reach the top of Mount Qomolangma．
-He is _____ pride of us．
A．the；/ B．a； the C．the； the D．a；/
（ ）41、（2016•荆门）---Do you know____girl with long curly hair？
---Yes．She is Mary．She plays____piano very well．
A．a；/ B．the；/ C．the；the D．a；the
（ ）42、（2016•株洲）She went to a European university to study art．_______university is really amazing．
A．An B．The C．A
（ ）43、（2016•安顺）---Do you know ________woman in red？
---Yes，she is a professor of ______ Anshun College．
A．the；/ B．a；/ C．the；an D．the；the
（ ）44、（2016•淮安）Jack often plays _____ piano and he wants to be a pianist when he grows up．
A．a B．an C．/ D．the
（ ）45、（2016•齐齐哈尔）-What's matter with you？
-I have fever．
A．an，the B．the，/ C．the，a
（ ）46、（2016•黄石）-What did you do last night，Bob？
-First I did my hom ework，and then I played ______ piano for half ______ hour．
A．the；a B．/；an C．the；an D．a；the
（ ）47.（2016•桂林）David plays football but he doesn't play piano
A．，the AB．the， C．a，the
（ ）48、（2016•郴州）-When is Father's Day in the United States？
-It's on ___________third Sunday in June．
A．a B．the C．/
（ ）49、（2016•滨州）In Chinese， date 5-20has a similar pronunciation to"I love you"，making it ______lucky and romantic day．
A．a； the B．/； a C．the； a D．a；/
（ ）50、（2016•达州）---Look!Who's______girl under the tree？
---Oh，she is my sister，Kate．She is_____honest girl．
A．the；an B．a；the C．the；a D．an；the
模拟演练
（ ）1.（山东东营模拟）What good weather﹗We can see sun in blue sky.
A. a; the B. the; a C. a; a D. the; the
（ ）2.（重庆模拟）John is ____ honest boy. Everyone likes to be friends with him.
A. a B. an C. the D. ／
（ ）3.（四川南充模拟）—Where do ____ Smiths spend their weekends?
—They often go to play on ________ same beach.
A. the;the B. a;the C. the;an D. a;an
（ ）4.（四川宜宾模拟）—I know ______ dogs like barking.
—You are right. Look ! _______ dogs are shouting angrily over there.
A. the; the B. /; / C. the; / D. /; the
（ ）5.（上海模拟）What good weather!Let's have quick breakfast and then go to the park.
A. 不填;不填 B. 不填;a C. a; a D. a;不填
（ ）6.（四川成都模拟）Do you think computers will take _____place of teachers in the classroom in the future?
A. an B. in C. the D. /
（ ）7.（天津模拟）—Sponge Bob is ________ interesting TV drama that children like watching.
—So it is. And it's also ________ funny drama.
A. the; a B. an; a C. an; an D. an; the
（ ）8.（湖南郴州模拟）After a long journey, the old man sat down and had short rest.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
（ ）9.（甘肃白银市模拟）Recently, Jimmy wrote ___________ article about the difference between the first school day in ___________ US and China and got many followers on WeChat.
A. a; the B. an; the C. the; the D. the; /
（ ）10.（山东临沂模拟）—Where did you go on Children's Day?
—I went to Chengdu and had dinner with my sister.
A. the, the B. a, / C. /, the D. /, /
（ ）11.（浙江温州模拟）Koizumi is Asian while Tony Brown is European.
A. a; an B. an; an C. a; a D. an; a
（ ）12.（山东潍坊模拟）I only had egg ad some milk for breakfast today.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
（ ）13.（山东青岛模拟）It is said there'll be talk on teenage problems next Monday.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
（ ）14.（甘肃武威模拟）I still remember there used to be _______ underground cave. My friends and I often had fun in_______ 18-foot-deep cave.
A.an; the B.a; the C.an; an D.a; an
（ ）15.（江苏宿迁模拟）It's a pity that now in some areas, the rich are becoming richer, and ______.
A. the poor the poor B. poor poor C. the poor poorer D. poor the poorer
（ ）16.（河南模拟）My uncle has two children, a son and a daughter. The son is ______ English teacher and______ daughter is a nurse.
A. a, the B. an, the C. the, a D. an, a
（ ）17.（四川达州模拟）It took him half hour to finish homework yesterday.
A. a; an B. an; the C. a; the
（ ）18.（贵州安顺模拟）—Do you know the man with ________ book in his hand?
—Yes, he is my uncle. He is ________ engineer.
A. a;an B. a;the C. the;a D. the;an
（ ）19.（新疆乌鲁木齐模拟）—____70-year-old Donald Trump won ______ numbers of voters than expected.
—It's really amazing.
A. A, few B. The, larger C. A, more D. The , less
（ ）20.（内蒙呼和浩特模拟）In __ eyes of some children, playing on the Internet can only bring them____ fun.
A. the; a B. /; a C. the; / D. /; /
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