中考英语复习课件专题主谓一致+中考英语复习情景交际+中考英语复习名词 156页

Welcome to our class 找出下列句子的错误 1.The police is comimg soon. 2.The sad news make me cry. 3.My shoes is new . 4.The rich is going to be looked after well. 5.This pair of glasses are mine. 6.The first class begin at eight every morning. Man can’t be perfect. makes are are are is begins Let’s try. What did you learn from them? 1 、英语句子中的主语与谓语动词应在人称和数上保持一致。 2 、有些主语虽为单数形式，但意义为复数。有些主语虽为复数形式，意义为单数，谓语动词用单数。 所以，我们应保持 主谓意义上的一致。 Subject – verb agreement 主 谓 一 致 性 主谓一致 主谓一致是指 谓语 在 人称 和 数 上必须和 主语 的 人称 和 数保持一致 。这是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则，也是英语和汉语区别很大的地方。 主谓一致主要有以下几种情况： 二、意义一致 三、就近原则 一、语法一致 一、语法一致 主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式； 主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。 例如： I often help him and he often helps me. 我经常帮助他，他也经常帮助我。 We often help each other. 我们经常互相帮助。 不可数名词 作主语，谓语动词用 单数 ； 可数名词的 复数 形式作主语， 谓语动词用 复数 。 二、意义一致 主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数； 主语形式为复数，而意义为单数，谓语动词用单数。如： The crowd were surrounding the government official. 人群包围了这位政府官员。 Maths is hard to learn. 数学难学。 三、就近原则 就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。 There is a pen and two pencils on the desk. 桌子上有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。 and 连接两个或两个以上单数名词或 代词作主语时，谓语动词有以下两种 情况： 1). and 连接两个或两个以上 不同 的人或 物作主语时，谓语动词用 复数 。例如： He and I are both students of this school. 我和他都是这个学校的学生。 Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不饶人。 2). 如果连接两个或两个以上的并列结构是指 同一个人或物 ， 或指同一概念时 ，谓语动词用 单数 ，这时 and 后面的名词前不加冠词。 例如： A). 表整体概念的并列结构： bread and butter knife and fork iron and steel law and order B). 配套事物： a watch and chain a needle and thread The knife and fork is on the desk. 刀叉放在桌子上。 2. 主语后面带有 with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, including, but 等引导的短语时，谓语动词必须 与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 例如： The teacher , together with his students, is planting trees in the garden. 老师和同学们正在花园里种树。 3. 如果主语是不定式，动词 -ing 形式或主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。 What he is doing seems very important. 他正在做什么看起来很重要。 Serving the people is my great happiness. 为人民服务是我最大的幸福。 4. 用连接的并列主语被 each, every 或 no 修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent. 班里的每个男孩女孩都很用功。 . Every one of one of each of either of + 复数名词作主语，谓语用单数 。 Each of the students has a book. . One of your books is new. 5. each of + 复数代词 , 谓语动用单数。 复数代词 + each , 谓语动词用复数。 如： Each of us has something to say. We each have something to say. 我们每个人都有些话要说。 6. 不定代词 all, more, some, any, none 等 作主语时，谓语动词视情况而定。谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数；但当它指代不可数名词时看作单数，谓语动词用单数。 All the apples are rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。 All the apple is rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。 None of us are /is perfect. 人无完人。 None of the money is left. 一点钱也没剩下。 7. 复合不定代词 作主语时，谓语动词 用 单数 。 Someone is calling you. 有人叫你。 Nothing is found in the room. 在屋里找不到什么东西。 8. 名词如 trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数；如： The scissors are sharp. 而形复义单的名词如 news; 以 -ics 结尾的学科名称如 physics, politics, 国名如 the United States; 报纸名如 the New Times; 书名如 Great Expectations (《 远大前程 》) ；以及 the United Nations 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 如： No news is good news. Great Expectations was written by Charles Dickens in 1860. 9. 集体名词作主语，谓语动词可用单数， 也可用复数，主要由句子的意思决定。 若指一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；但若指其成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。这类名词有 people, family, class, population, crowd, team, ground 等。 例如： The family is very big. Their family are watching TV now. C hinese people is a hardworking people. people here are very kind. 10. 有些名词单复数形式相同，作主语时，谓语动词由上下文决定。这类名词有 means, deer, sheep, Chinese, Japanese, fish 等。如： Not every means is useful. 并非每种方法都有效。 Not all means are useful. 并非所有的方法都有效。 11. 表示 一类人 的 “ the + 形容词 ( 分词 )” 作主语时，谓语动词用 复数 。 The sick in the accident have been taken to the hospital. The lost have been found. 12. 表示 时间、金钱、距离、度量 等名词作主语时，不管单复数形式，其谓语动词用单数。如： Thirty years is not a long time. 30 年的时间并不长。 Two hours is enough for me to finish the work. 两个小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。 13. the rest of, half of, majority of, part of, a lot of, lots of, one of, a number of, a plenty of, percent of 以及 分数词 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面名词的数，即 就近原则 。如： A part of the students have arrived. 部分学生已到了。 A part of the apple has been eaten by the mouse. 这个苹果的一部分被老鼠吃了。 14. 在表存在的 there be 句式 中，主语是两个或多个并列名词（短语）， be 的形式与 最近 的一个名词（短语）保持一致。 There is a pen , two pencils and several books on the desk. =There are two pencils , a pen and several books on the desk. =There are several books , a pen and two pencils on the desk. 15. 由 here, there 等引导的倒装句中，若主语不止一个时，谓语动词与 最近 的主语保持一致。如： Here comes the bus . Here is a pen and two books for you. 16. 用连词 or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also 等连接并列主语时， 谓语动词应与最近的主语保持一致。如： Neither you nor I am wrong. Neither I nor you are wrong. Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music. Not only the teacher but also the students enjoy listening to the music. 1. 由 and 连接的并列成分指的是 一个人的双重身份 时谓语动词为单数 ， 如果 指不同的人或物 时谓语动词用复数。 The worker and writer is from Wuhan. ( 那个工人兼作家 …) The worker and the writer are from Beijing. ( 那位工人和那位作家 ) 谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致? We Chinese ____ a hard-working people． A. is B. are C. is being D. are being 此题应选 B 。 这里应注意的是：我们通常说的是主谓一致（即谓语与主语保持一致），而不是表谓一致（即不是谓语与表语一致），本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。 注意以下类似例子： These two dictionaries are a present for my best friend Jim． The planets were the object of his study． The most important thing I need is books． The best part of the meal is the coffee and cookies． When and where to build the new factory______ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 析 : 当 when 和 where 加不定式指的是同一件事时，谓语动词用单数。 A every 并列使用时，动词取单数。 Every boy and every girl ______ that each day and each hour brings ______ duty. A. know, their B. knows, their C. knows, its D. know, its B E-mail, as well as telephones, ____ an important part in daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play A library with five thousand books ____ to the nation as a gift． A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered 3. Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____ tired of having one examination after another． A. is B. are C. am D. be 4. Not the teacher, but the students ____ looking forward to seeing the film． A. is B. are C. am D. be 5. A woman with some children ______ soon． A. is coming B. are coming C. has come D. have come 6. No one except my parents ____ anything about this。 A. know B. knows C. is known D. are known 7．The teacher as well as the students ______ the book already． A. has read B. have read C. are reading D. is reading 8．All but （除了） one ____ in the accident． A. was killed B. were killed C. will be killed D. are killed 9. The number of people invited ___fifty, but a number of them ___ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were 10. ____ of the land in that district ____ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are 1.Our class are going to hike next week Our class are big and clean . 2.A speaker and writer does exercise every day. A speaker and a writer does exercise every day. Do you know the differences? 3.A number of Chinese are learning English. The number of the students are forty. 哪一句表达正确？ 给句子填上 is/am/are 1.There _____some milk and some bottles on the table. 2.Neither Jim nor Mary ______ right. 3.Either you or I_______going to work there. 4.Not only the students but also their teacher ____happy. 5.There ______some sheep and a child over there. is is am is are There be _ A _ and _ B _ Either _A_ or_ B _ Neither_A_nor_ B _ Not only_A_but also_ B _ 动词 Thinking makes you clever 就近原则 1.Behind the house _______(be)some trees. 2.Every student and every teacher _______(come) to school on time in the morning. 3.No man and no woman ______(like) these shoes. 4.He or she ______(have) gone there. 5.What he said________(sound) reasonable. 6. “I”____(be) the ninth letter. Can you work them out? are comes likes has sounds is True gold fears not the fire . 找出各句中的错误 1.A number of students has seen the film. 2.This kind of apples taste very good. 3.Not only my classroom but also my teacher are fond of sports. 4.The Greens has returned to England. 5.Those who only thinks of themselves can never be happy. 6.When each person come in ,they must show their tickets . have tastes is have think comes Think carefully 7.Ten thousand pounds are a lot of money. 8.Mary likes many other girls likes dancing . 9.We are Chinese . You two are German. 10.The singer and dancer look very young . 11.Fish and chips are my favourite. 12.Nobody but the twin sisters know the secret. I can make it is like Germans looks is knows Multiple choice: 1. On the wall______ two large portraits. A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging 2. “News of victories _____ pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander said. A. keep B. kept C. keeps D. have kept 3. There _____ a lot of milk in the bottle. A. are B. is C. were D. has 4. Zhang’s family ____ rather big, with twelve people in all. A. is B. are C. being D. was 5. Nobody but Jane ____ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known 6. All but one _____ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were 7. When and where to build the new factory _____ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 8. A library with five thousand books____ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered 1. The country life he was used to ______ greatly since 1992. A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed 2. Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _________ in the clothing industry. A ． is working B ． works C ． work D ． worked 3. A poet and artist ________ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.   A. is  B. are  C. was  D. were 4. A survey of the opinions of experts ______that three hours of outdoor exercise a week ____ good for one’s health. A. show; are B. shows; is C. show; is D. shows; are Not only I but Jane and Mary _____ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be B A library with five thousand books ____ to the nation as a gift． A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered 1 、主谓倒装句，动词应与其 —— 的主语一致。 2 、“一段 ———” ，“一段 ————” ，“一些 ————” 作 主语时，动词用单数。 3 、几分之几作主语时，动词由其后面的 ———— 或代词 决定。但 one and a half 作主语时，动词用单数。 4 、定语从句的动词与其前面的 ———— 一致。 5 、动名词，动词不定式作主语时，动词用 ——— 。 6 、当主语后 with ,together with,like ,but,except,as well as 等介词词组时，动词依其 —— 的主语而定。 后 时间 距离 金钱 前 名词 先行词 单数 考点精讲精练 情景交际 聚焦中考 ·英语 近年来的中考试题中，对日常交际用语的考查比重越来越大。考查的形式有听力理解、补全对话、单项选择、情景反应和书面表达。 考点一 问候 1. Good morning / afternoon / evening! 早上 / 下午 / 晚上好！ 2. Hello / Hi. 你好。 3. How do you do? 你好！ 4. — How are you? 你好吗？ —Fine ， thank you. And you? 很好，谢谢。你呢？ —Very well, thank you. 我也很好，谢谢。 —Just so-so. 一般。 5. Nice to meet you. 很高兴见到你。 6. How are things going? / How are you getting on? 你的近况如何？ 考点二 介绍 ◆ 自我介绍 (1)Let me introduce myself. My name is … 让我来作自我介绍。我叫 …… (2)I’m a student / worker, etc. 我是一名学生 / 工人 …… ◆ 介绍他人 (1)This is Mr / Miss / Mrs … 这是 …… 先生 / 小姐 / 太太。 (2)I’d like you to meet … 我想让你认识 …… (3)May I introduce … (to you)? 请允许我向你介绍 …… ，好吗？ 考点三 告别 ◆ 告别前，客人表示自己要离开的客气用语 (1) I think it’s time for us to leave now. 我想我们是时候该离开了。 (2) I am sorry I have to go now. 对不起，我该走了。 (3) I ‘m afraid I must be leaving now. 恐怕我现在得离开了。 ◆ 双方告别时用语 (1) Goodbye / Bye-bye / Bye! 再见！ (2) See you later / soon / tomorrow. 一会儿见 / 到时候见 / 明天见！ (3) Good night . 晚安。 考点四 打电话 ◆ 请 …… 听电话时的常用语有： Hello. May I speak to …, please? / Is that …speaking? ◆ 接电话者的常用语有： Hold on, please; He / She isn’t in. Can I take a message; speaking. ◆ 电话中介绍自己用： This is … 。问对方是谁用： What’s that? 不能用 Who are you. —Hello. May I speak to Mr. Smith, please? —Hello, This is Mr. Smith speaking. Who’s that? —This is Miss White from CNTV. I call you to make sure the day I can interview you. —How about at 9: 00A. M. tomorrow? —OK, see you tomorrow. 考点五 感谢和应答 ◆ 感谢对方 (1)Thank you (very much) .( 非常 ) 谢谢你。 (2)Thanks a lot . 多谢。 (3) Many thanks. 非常感谢。 (4)Thanks for / Thank you for … 因 …… 感谢你。 (5)It’s very kind / nice of you 你真是太好了。 (6)I appreciate your help. 我非常感谢你的帮助。 ◆ 他人向自己致谢时的回答 (1) Not at all. 不用谢。 (2)That’s all right / OK. 不用谢。 (3)You’re welcome . 不用谢 。 (4) It’s a / my pleasure. 别客气。 (5)Don’t mention it. 别客气。 考点六 祝愿和祝贺 ◆ 常用的祝贺语 (1) Good luck ！ 祝你好运！ (2)Best wishes to you! 祝福你！ (3) Have a nice / good / great time! 玩得开心点！ (4)Congratulations! 祝贺你！ (5) Wish you all the success! 祝您成功！ (6)Enjoy yourself! 过得快乐！ (7)Well done! 干得好！ (8) Wish you good health and lots of happiness! 祝你身体健康，幸福快乐！ (9) Happy birthday (to you)! ( 祝你 ) 生日快乐！ ◆ 节日祝贺用语 (1)Happy New Year! 新年快乐！ (2)Merry Christmas! 圣诞快乐！ (3)Happy Spring Festival! 春节快乐！ (4)Happy Mid-autumn Day ！中秋节快乐！ ◆ 常用应答语 (1) Thank you . 谢谢。 (2)You ， too 。也祝您快乐！ (3) The same to you. 也祝您快乐！ 用法说明：对共有节日的回答用“ The same to you.” 或 “ You, too.” 而其余的则用 “ Thank you.” 作答。 考点七 道歉和应答 ◆ 道歉 （ 1 ） I’m sorry / Sorry. 对不起。 （ 2 ） I’m sorry for / about… 对不起 …… （ 3 ） I’m sorry to interrupt you. 对不起，打扰你了。 （ 4 ） I’m sorry that I’m late. 对不起，我来迟了。 （ 5 ） I beg your pardon. 对不起 / 请原谅。 ◆ 当要打扰别人或麻烦别人时的用语 （ 1 ） Excuse me , please. 打扰一下 / 劳驾 2 ） Excuse me . May I ask you a question / use your pen , please ？打扰一下，我可以问你一个问题 / 借用一下你的笔吗？ ◆ 回答别人道歉的用语 （ 1 ） That’s all right / OK. 没关系。 （ 2 ） It doesn’t matter. 没关系 。 （ 3 ） That’s nothing. 没什么。 （ 4 ） Never mind . 没关系。 （ 5 ） Forget it . 算了吧 / 没什么。 考点八 邀请和应答 ◆ 表示邀请的用语 （ 1 ） Would you like to …? 你愿意 / 想做 …… 吗？ （ 2 ） Will you come to …. ？你愿意来 ……. 吗？ （ 3 ） May I invite you to dinner ? 我可以请你吃晚饭吗？ （ 4 ） What / How about going swim ? 去游泳怎么样？ ◆ 接受邀请 （ 1 ） Yes, I’d love to . 好的，我愿意。 （ 2 ） Yes, it’s very kind / nice of you . 好的，你真是太好了。 （ 3 ） I’d like to. Thanks. 我愿意。谢谢。 （ 4 ） That sounds great (fun). 听起来够棒的 / 蛮有意思的。 （ 5 ） That would be nice. 那太好了。 ◆ 谢绝邀请 （ 1 ） I’d love to, but … 我愿意，但 …… （ 2 ） No, thank you. 我不想，谢谢你。 （ 3 ） It’s very nice of you, but … 你真是太好了，可是 ……. （ 4 ） I’m sorry I can’t . What about another day? 对不起，我不能。改天怎么样？ 考点九 请求允许和应答 ◆ 请求允许的用语 （ 1 ） May I come in / have a look at your picture ? 我可以进来 / 看一下你的照片吗？ （ 2 ） Can / Could I drink some water / use your telephone ? 我可以喝水 / 用你的电话吗？ （ 3 ） Would / Do you mind if I open the window / close the door ? 我打开窗户 / 关上门，你介意吗？ （ 4 ） Is it all right if I sit here? 我坐这里行吗？ （ 5 ） I wonder if I could smoke here. 我想知道我是否可以在这里抽烟。 ◆ 表示肯定的答语 （ 1 ） Yes. / Certainly. / Sure. 可以。 / 当然可以。 （ 2 ） Of course, you can. 当然可以。 （ 3 ） Yes, do please. 你请。 （ 4 ） That’s OK /all right. 没关系。 （ 5 ） Go ahead, please. 你请。 ◆ 表示否定的答语 （ 1 ） I’m sorry, but you mustn’t / can’t /had better not . 对不起，不允许 / 不能 / 你最好不要这样。 （ 2 ） I’m sorry, it’s not allowed. 对不起，这是不允许的。 （ 3 ） I’m afraid not. 恐怕不行。 （ 4 ） You had better not. 你最好不要这样。 考点十 提供（帮助等）和应答 ◆ 商店、旅馆等单位工作人员为顾客提供帮助时的用语 （ 1 ） Can I help you ? 我能帮忙吗？ （ 2 ） What can I do for you ? 我能为你做点什么？ ◆ 一般情况下为对方提供帮助或服务的用语 （ 1 ） Would you like me to help you ? 你想要我帮助你吗？ （ 2 ） Let me …for you. 让我为你 …… （ 3 ） Would you like some …? 你要一些 …… 吗？ （ 4 ） Here you are . 给你。 Here, take this / my … 到这儿来，拿 …… ◆ 应答用语 （ 1 ）肯定应答语 ① Yes, please . 好的。 ② Thank you. / Thanks for your help. / Thanks for helping me. 谢谢你 。 / 谢谢你的帮助。 / 谢谢你帮助我。 ③ Thanks. That would be nice /fine. 谢谢，那太好了。 ④ Yes, thanks . 是的，谢谢你。 （ 2 ）否定应答语 ① No, thanks /thank you . 不用了，谢谢。 ② Thanks you all the same . 还是很感谢你。 ③ That’s very kind of you ,but I don’t need it /I can manage it myself. 你真是太好了，可是我不需要 / 我自己会处理。 考点十一 约会 ◆ 约会前询问对方是否空闲的用语 （ 1 ）问句 ① Are you free this afternoon / evening / Sunday ? 今天下午 / 今天晚上 / 这个星期天你有空吗？ ② Do you have time this afternoon ? 今天下午你有空吗？ （ 2 ）应答用语 ① Yes, I’ll be free then . 是的，那时我有空。 ② No, I won’t be free then .But I’ll be free … 不，我没有空。不过 ……. 我有空。 ◆ 提出约定（约会）时间、地点以征求对方意见 （ 1 ）问句 ① How about tomorrow morning /afternoon /evening ? 明天上午 / 下午 / 傍晚怎么样？ ② Shall /Could we meet at 4:30 ？我们在 4 ： 30 见面行不行？ （ 2 ）应答用语 ① Yes, that’s all right. 好吧，就这样吧。 ② All right. See you then. 好吧，到时见。 ③ Let’s make it half past six. 咱们定在六点半吧。 考点十二 就医、就餐与购物 ◆ 就医时，医生常说的话： What’s wrong with you / What’s the matter with you; How long have you been like this; Take these medicine three times a day; nothing serious 等。病人常说的话： I have got a headache; I don’t fell well; There is something wrong with …; For …days. 等。如： —What’s the matter with you, young man ? ¬—I have got a backache. —How long have you been like this? —For two days. —Nothing serious. Take this medicine three times a day. You’ll be all right soon. —Thank you. ◆ 就餐时，服务员常说的话： Can I help you /What can I do for you ;What would you like for supper ; Would you like something to drink ;What else would you like 等。顾客常说的话： I’d like some …; Give me some …please 等。如： —Can I help you, sir? —I’d like some dumplings for lunch. —What kind of dumplings do you want? —Beef dumplings . —What else would you like? —A glass of milk, please. ◆ 购物时，导购员常说的话： Can I help you / What can I do for you; What color do you like; What size do you want; What else would you like; 等。顾客常说的话： I’d like some …; Give me some …please; How much is it; I’ll take it 等。如： —What can I do for you ,madam? —I want to buy a blouse for my wife. —What color does she like? —Red . —What size does she want? —Medium size. —How about this one? —Good. How much is it? —280 yuan. —That’s good . I’ll take it. 考点十三 天气、请求与建议 ◆ 谈论天气时，问天气的常用语： What’s the weather like … ； How is the weather … 等。回答的常用语： It’s sunny ( rainy, windy, cloudy ) ; The radio says it’s going to rain 等。如： —What’s the weather like in Chongqing now? —It’s sunny and hot. But the radio says it’s going to rain soon . ◆ 当你有困难要请求别人帮助时，常用语有： Excuse me; Would you mind …; Would you please…; Could you… 等。 而提建议的常用语有： Let’s …; Shall we…; How about…; What about…; You’d better…; You should… 等。 如： —Excuse me, could you please pass me my English book? I want to go over the lessons. —OK. Here you are. I want to go over them, too. Shall we study together? —Sure. Then, let’s go over the notes first. 考点十四 问路、禁止、警告与常见标志 ◆ 问路时的常用语： Excuse me, could you please tell me the way to…/ which is the way to… / if there is a …near here 等。 常用的答语有： Go along this road; Take the second turning on the right; Go down this road to the end; you won’t miss it 等。 如： —Excuse me, sir. Could you please tell me the way to the People’s Hospital? —Yes. Go along this road and take the second crossing on the left. Walk on until you see it on the right. —Thank you very much. —Not at all. ◆ 当你要禁止或警告别人做某事时，常用语有： You can’t do…; You mustn’t…; You are not allowed to …; If you… you’ll; take care; be careful; look out 等。 如： —The floor is smooth. You can’t run so fast. You must be careful. —OK. I will take care of myself. Take it easy. ◆ 常见的标志和说明有： ENTRANCE( 入口 ) ； EXIT （出口）； NO SMOKING( 禁止吸烟 ); NO PARKING( 禁止停车 ) ； NO PHOTOS( 禁止照相 ) ； DANGER( 危险 ) ； BUSINESS HOURS( 营业时间 ) 等。 对点精练： ( A )1. - Excuse me ， where is the Moonlight Hotel ？ - ______ ． I'm a stranger myself ． A ． Sorry ， I don't know B ． No ， I don't think so C ． It doesn't matter D ． Thank you all the same （ D ） 2. ---There will be more and more robots going into people’s homes. --- . We might be able to leave all the chores to them. A. Not really B. No way C. You’re kidding D. I hope so （ C ） 3. -What about going to Shanghai Disneyland Park next month, Harry? -_____! We'll have a lot of fun there. A. Good luck B. Never mind C. Sounds great D. Certainly not （ C ） 4. (on the mobile phone) —Where are you? I can’t see you here at the theatre. — . I’m just one block away. A. Good idea B. My pleasure C. I’m coming D. Nice talking to you （ A ） 5. — Would you like some tea? —______. A. Yes, please B. The same to you C. Me, too D. My pleasure （ A ） 6. --I’m very nervous the night before the big exam. -- ______. I’m sure you can make it. A. Take it easy B. Take your time C. Go ahead D. Enjoy yourself （ D ） 7. ---The women badminton players won the Uber Cup. ---__ _____ A. What a pity! B. With pleasure C.Never mind. D.I’m glad to hear that. （ B ） 8 ． ﹣I’d like to choose yellow as the colour of our bedroom ． ﹣______ ． The colour brings me a warm and comfortable feeling ． A ． No way B ． Sounds great C ． In your dreams D ． I can’t decide （ A ） 9. ---I’m sorry. I broke your tea cup. ---________. I have another one at home. A. It doesn’t matter B. You’d better not C. My pleasure D. It’s too bad （ D ） 10. —Would you like to go for a walk with me? —______. But I have to clean the living room first. A. Yes, I would B. No, I wouldn’t C. Sorry D. Yes, I’d love to 中考探究 ( ) 1. --- Hurry up, or we will miss the sea lion show in the Ocean Park.(2015 广东 ) ----- ______. We still have fifteen minutes before the show begins. A.Take it easy B.Good luck C.I gue ss so D.Take care A （ ） 2.-______! Something is falling down from the tall building.-Dear me! it's dangerous. （ 2016 广东） A. Look out B. Help yourself C. What a pity D. Shut up A （ ） 3.—Would you please come to the dancing party with me tonight? （ 2017 广东） — I suppose we shall have a wonderful night! A.Never mind B. Have a good time C. Not exactly D. With pleasure D 过关测试 （ ）（ 2017 上海） 1. –Would you like to join me in making cakes tomorrow? –______. A. It doesn’t matter. B. Don’t worry. C. You’re welcome. D. I’d love to. D （ ）（ 2017 上海） 2. –________. –Congratulations! A. Sorry for breaking the glass. B. How are you feeling today? C. I was awarded first prize in the writing contest. D . Why not take the underground to the university? C Thank you ！ 考点精讲精练 名词 聚焦中考 ·英语 考点一 名词辨析 对名词辨析的考查，主要以单项选择和完形填空两种题型设题。其中，以语境类名词辨析为主，且选项的话题词汇设置主要涉及：饮食类、职业身份类、方位地点类、动物类、时间类、科目类等日常生活类，同时涉及含抽象名词的固定搭配用法以及近义名词、同根词辨析。 ◆ 语境辨析 语境辨析是名词词义辨析的重点，主要考查同类单词的意思在具体语境中的运用。我们可以通过语境记忆法进行记忆，在日常的学习中推而广之。如：我们渴了就需要水（ water ） , 饮料（ tea, coffee, juice ），饿了就需要食物（ bread, rice, meat, cake 等）；我们寄信需要去 post office ，取钱需要去 bank 。 对点精练： （ C ）1. — Mike，what club do you want to join？ — Well，I want to join the______ club．I love painting． A．chess B．sports C．art D．English （ C ）2. — Excuse me．Is there a______ near here？I want to buy some drinks． — Yes．Go along the street，and it's on your left． A．zoo B．school C．supermarket D．museum （ B ）3.Bill will be a/an ___________ to interview the football players in the coming Rio 2016 Olympics． A．guest B．reporter C．tourist D．engineer （ D ）4. — Tu Youyou received the Nobel Prize for her________of anemisinin（青蒿素）． — And she was the first Chinese who won the prize in science． A．design B．thought C．invention D．discovery （ D ）5.Steve Jobs was full of______ -always coming up with new ideas which led to great changes in society． A．instruction B．invitation C．introduction D．invention ◆ 近义词辨析 1.family, home ， house family n. 着重指家庭、家庭成员或家中人口。如： My family are all excited about the news that I am admitted to the key school. 我的家人对我被重点学校录取的消息感到非常兴奋。 home n. 家，主要指一个人出生或居住的地方； home 也意为“家乡、故乡”。含有感情色彩，强调家里的氛围和环境。如： The nurse visits patients in their homes. 护士对病人进行家访。 She was born in London, but she now looks on Paris as her home. 她生在伦敦，但现在把巴黎看成是她的家乡。 house n. 房子，主要指建筑物、住宅。如： New houses are going up everywhere. 到处都在兴建新的住宅。 2. job 与 work job 是可数名词，指一项具体的工作，也可指“零工”或“短工”； work 是不可数名词，指工作、劳动、努力、用功。如： Selling newspapers is his part-time job. 卖报纸是他的兼职。 He has been out of work. 他失业了。 Li Ling wants to be a singer. She thinks it's an interesting job. 李玲想成为一名歌手。她认为那是一份有趣的工作。 3. problem 与 question 两个词都表示“问题”。一般来说， problem 总是与“困难”相联系，它可以指社会问题、教学问题，这种“问题”是“有待解决的”，与之搭配的动词是 solve; question 总是与“疑问、质问、询问”相联系，这种“问题”是“有待回答的”，常与动词 ask/answer 连用。如： He asked me some questions. 他问了我一些问题。 There are many problems to be solved. 有许多问题要解决。 4 . message, information 与 news message:(1) 作“消息”讲，一般指口头传递的或者书写的消息，是可数名词。如： He left a message for you. 他给你留言了。 (2) 指书或者演讲稿的要领，要点，教训。如： This is a film with a strong religious message. 这是一部有强烈宗教色彩的电影。 information 作“信息”讲，通常指在阅读、观察、谈话或书信往来中特别关注的消息、情报、资料等。它侧重内容，是不可数名词。如： They must find out some information about planes to Yunnan as quickly as possible. 他们必须尽快找到有关去往云南班机的资料。 news 作“新闻、信息”讲，一般指通过广播、电视、报纸等新闻媒体向大众发布的社会各方面的最新消息，它侧重一个“新”字，是不可数名词。如： There’s a piece of interesting news in today’s newspaper. 在今天的报纸上有一则有趣的消息。 No news is good news. 没消息就是好消息。 5 . voice ， noise 与 sound voice, noise 和 sound 这三个名词都可表示“声音”，但是，它们表示的“声音”并不相同。 voice 表示“嗓音”，指人的说话声或唱歌声。 如： The girl has a beautiful voice. 那女孩嗓音很美。 noise 噪音，吵闹声，常具有贬义，表示令人心烦的、不和谐的“嘈 杂声，噪音，响声”。 如： The noise of traffic kept him awake. 车辆的喧闹声使他睡不着。 sound 泛指一切声响，指一切可以听到的声音。 如： Light travels much faster than sound. 光的传播速度比声音快得多。 对点精练： （ B ）6．The boy didn't sleep well last night because of the ____ from the factory. A．voice B．noise C．music D．song ( B )7.—Where's our headteacher? —He's left a ________ saying that he has something important to do. A．news　 B．message　 C．excuse　 D．sentence （ D ）8. He was born in Germany, but he has made China his ______. A. family B. address C. house D. home ◆ 同根词辨析 中考还会涉及同根词的考查，如： （1）health, healthy与healthily （2）surprise, surprised 与surprising （3）die, death, dead 与dying 对点精练： （ D ）9. Fang Zhao died for saving the child，so his ______ is heavier than Mount Tai. A. die B. dead C. dying D. death ( A )10.Dali has a lot of scenery. Words cannot describe the ________ of the scenery. A．beauty　 B．beautiful C．beautifully　 D．beauty's 考点二 名词的数 ◆ 不可数名词（包括物质名词和抽象名词，不能跟 one, two... 等数词或不定冠词 a, an 连用，也没有复数形式。 ) 1. 初中阶段常见的不可数名词有： water ， rice ， tea ， milk ， food ， fruit ， meat ， fish( 鱼肉 ) ， chicken( 鸡肉 ) ， beef ， mutton ， orange( 橙汁 ) ， sugar ， salt ， paper( 纸 ) ， porridge ， bread ， sand ， juice ， news ， music ， time( 时间 ) ， information ， fun ， advice 等。 2. 不可数名词常用 much ， (a)little ， a lot of ， some ， any 等修饰。常用 it 来替代。 对点精练： （ A ）11. Please pick up the ___ .Don ' t keep it on the floor. A. paper B. boxes C. books D. bottles ( A )12.—Mum, I am hungry. May I have some________？ —Of course. But don't eat too much. A．bread B．noodle C．dumpling D．hamburger （ A ）13.Yesterday for dinner I had a piece of beef, vegetables and ______. A. some rice B. a few rice C. a little rices D. a rice 既可做可数名词也可做不可数名词： 单词 可数 不可数 单词 可数 不可数 glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 paper 报纸，试卷 纸 room 房间 空间 chicken 小鸡 鸡肉 fish 鱼 鱼肉 orange 桔子 桔子汁 对点精练： ( C )14.—Could you please move over a little and make some________ for me? —Sure, please. A．place　 B．seat　 C．room　 D．ground （ D ）15.Father bought some ____ . So we will have some to eat for dinner today. A. fishes; fishes B. fishs; fish C. fish; fishes D. fish; fish ( A )16.I couldn't see clearly, so my father bought________ for me last week. A．a pair of glasses　 B．a glasses C．a glass　 D．a pair of glass ◆ 可数名词 可数名词单数变复数的规则 1. 一般直接 +s 如： map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days, desk-desks, book-books, pen-pens, magazine-magazines ， tree-trees 2. 以 s, x, sh , ch 结尾的单词在词尾 + es 如： class - classes bus - buses glass - glasses box - boxes bush - bushes brush - brushes watch - watches match - matches 3. 以辅音字母 +y 结尾变 y 为 i 再 + es 如： baby-babies city-cities family-families party-parties story-stories country- countries. 4. 以元音字母 +y 结尾直接 +s. 如： boy-boys key-keys monkey-monkeys holiday-holidays. 5. 以 f/ fe 结尾，变 f/ fe 为 v 再 + es 如： half-halves wolf-wolves self-selves shelf-shelves leaf-leaves life-lives knife-knives wife-wives thief-thieves 记忆口诀：树叶（ leaf ）半数（ half ）自己（ self ）黄，妻子（ wife ）拿 刀（ knife ）上山岗，架（ shelf ）后窜出一只狼（ wolf ），好像小偷（ thief ）逃命（ life ）忙。 6 . 以 o 结尾的名词变复数（有生命 + es , 没有生命 +s ） 常考有：英雄 hero-heroes 土豆 potato-potatoes 西红柿 tomato-tomatoes （ Heroes like eating potatoes and tomatoes. ） radio-radios piano-pianos photo-photos kilo-kilos zoo-zoos 对点精练： ( B )17.Please remember to give the horse some tree ________. A．leafs　 B．leaves　 C．leaf　 D．leave （ C ）18.—There are many _____ about this farm. —Yes, lots of _____ are planted on it. A. photo; potato B. photos; potatos C. photos; potatoes D. photoes; potatoes 不规则变化 规则 例词 改变单数名词中的元音字母 foot→feet; tooth→teeth; goose→geese ； man→men ； woman→women; policeman→policemen;policewoman→policewomen; Englishman→Englishmen 单复数形式相同 Chinese;Japanese; sheep;deer 其他 mouse→mice ; child→children [ 巧记 ] 不规则名词单数变复数： ①男女孩子的脚踩住老鼠的牙。 man→men ; woman→women ; child→children ; foot→feet ; mouse→mice ; tooth→teeth ② 各国人变复数：中日不变英法变，其余加 s 。 Chinese ， Japanese 单复数同形； Englishman ， Frenchman 中 man 变为 men ； 其余各国人如 German ， American ， Australian ， Indian 等均在后面直接加 s 。 对点精练： ( A )19.How many_____are there in the international village? A．Chinese　 B．Russian C．American　 D．German （ A ）20. The ___ that came to the farm yesterday come here again. A. deer B. horse C. cow D. dog 名词修饰名词时的复数形式的构成 1)名词作定语修饰名词时，复数形式是将后面的名词变为复数。 如：many apple trees, boy students 2)man 和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时，两部分都变为复数。 如：men teachers, women doctors 对点精练： ( A )21.All the ________ teachers and________ students are having a sports meeting on the playground. A．women; girl　　　 B．women; girls C．womans; girl　 D．woman; girl （ B ）22. — What kind of noodles would you like? — I ' d like some ______ noodles. A. carrots B. beef C. potatoes D. vegetables 集体名词的数 1) 集体名词是由若干个个体组成的集合体。如： family, class, team 等，它们以单数形式出现，但实为复数。若他们强调某个集合的整体则应视为单数。 My family are watching TV. 我的家人正在看电视。 My family is a happy one. 我家是一个幸福的家庭。 2 ）有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如： people( 人们 ), police( 警察 ) 等，如果要表达单数形式则要使用其他名词。如： ①一个人 a person （√） a people （ × ） ②一名警察 a policeman/policewoman （√） a police （ × ） 注意： 1) 可数名词的单复数要与句子结构保持一致。 2) 可数名词一般不单独使用，表类别时可用复数形式，或用不定冠词或定冠词加单数名词。 如： oranges ， the/an orange 。 3) 修饰可数名词复数的词有 these ， those ， many ， (a) few ， a/the number of ， some/any ， a lot of 等。常用 they ， them 来替代。 4) 有些名词通常只有复数形式。如： trousers ， socks ， glasses ， clothes ， shorts ， scissors 5) 有些名词虽然以 s 结尾却表示单数。 如： news ， grass ， politics （政治）， physics （物理）等。 对点精练： （ B ）23. I bought beautiful clothes yesterday. I like very much. A.it B. them C. mine D. clothes （ C ）24. The students of Grade 7 visited Mike ' s farm and saw many ______ there. A. bird B. duck C. sheep D. rabbit （ A ）25. There are a lot of _____ on the hill but hardly any ____ . A. sheep; people B. cows; person C. sheeps; peoples D. cows; peoples ( B )26.British people eat________ a lot. They are cooked in different ways. A．potato B．potatoes C．beef D．chicken 考点三 名词所有格（表示人或物的隶属和拥有关系，翻译为“......的”）。 ◆ 构成 s 结构（有生命事物的名词以及表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词所有格）： 1 ）不与 s 结尾的名词后 +’s 。如： Lucy’s father, Children’s Day, today’s newspaper, the boy’s room . 2 ）以 s 结尾的名词后 +’ 。如： the girls’ desks, Teachers’ Day, the students’ homework of 所有格（表示无生命的名词所有格） ： a map of China, the title of the text ◆ 特殊用法 (1) 表示一件东西为两人或三人共有时，只需在最后一个名词后加“ ‘s” ，后面所跟名词用单数；表示各自所有时，则需在每个名词后加“ ’s” ，后面所跟名词用复数。如： 莉莉和露西共有的房间 Lily and Lucy's room 莉莉和露西各自的房间 Lily's and Lucy's rooms (2) 表示“某人家”、 “店铺”、“诊所”等处所，所有格后的名词常省略。如：在李雷家 at Li Lei's 在医生的诊所 at the doctor's (3) 用介词“ to” 表达所有格： the answer to the question 问题的答案； the key to the door 门的钥匙； the way to… 去 …. 的路； the solution to the problem 问题的解决方法； the ticket to the game 比赛的门票。 对点精练： （ C ）27. — Are you sure this is a photo _______, the famous comedy actress? — It surprised you, didn't it? But she was once really thin. A. Jia Ling B. Jia Ling's C. of Jia Ling D. of Jia Ling's （ D ）28.Looking after children is not only _____ work,men should also do it. A. woman ‘ s B. women C. womens’ D. women ' s （ A ）29.— ____ fathers didn ' t come to the meeting. Why? —Because they have gone to Beijing. A.Jeff ‘ s and Amy ’ s B.Jeff and Amy C.Jeff ‘ s and Amy D.Jeff and Amy ' s ( B )30.—Where is Lucy? I haven't seen her for a long time. —She had a fever several day's ago and she is________ now. A．at the doctor　 B．at the doctor's C．at the doctors　 D．at doctor's （ D ）31. — It ' s convenient to travel from Ezhou to Wuhan by taking the newly-built green railway. — Yes. It ' s said that _______ is enough. A. fifteen minutes drive B. fifteen-minutes drive C. fifteen minute ‘ s drive D. fifteen minutes ' drive ( B )32.—Lucy and Lily look almost the same. —Yes, but they are really different. Lucy's eyes are much brighter than________. A．her sister　 B．her sister's C．her sisters ’ 　 D．her sisters 中考探究 （ ） 1. Mickey mouse is one of the most famous ______ in American ______. (2015 广东） A. symbol culture B. symbol cultures C. symbols culture D. symbols cultures C （ ） 2.The broken ______may cut into your hand if you touch it, you should be careful. （ 2016 广东） A. glass B. glasses C. candle D. candles A （ ） 3.Daniel has tried to lose by eating less recently, but two kilos has been put on instead. （ 2017 广东） A. weight B. weights C. height D. heights A 过关测试 （ ）（ 2017 云南） 1 .Many ___are playing an active part in making Kunming a civilize d city ( 文明城市 ). A. man B. woman C. volunteer D. volunteers D （ ）（ 2017 湖北） 2. —What’s your to English learning, Lin Tao? —I think watching English movies is helpful. A. place B. age C. time D. secret D