云南中考英语复习课件,分语法专题突破代词+重难题型攻关完形填、书面表达 141页

语法专题突破 代词 　 中考考点 · 分析 分析近 5 年云南中考英语真题可知，代词为每年的必考点。具体考查情况如下： 1 ． 人称代词、物主代词与反身代词 ：为必考点。每年 1 ～ 3 道题。考查角度以第一、三人称的混合辨析为主，主要在单项填空和完形填空题型中考查。也会考查人称代词、物主代词与反身代词三者之间的转化，主要在用所给词的适当形式填空题型中考查。 2 ． 普通不定代词、复合不定代词 ：为必考点。每年 1 ～ 3 道题。考查角度以不定代词的辨析为主，主要在单项填空和用所给词的适当形式填空题型中考查。 3 ． 指示代词 ：为冷考点。只在单项填空题型中考查过 it 作形式宾语的用法。 4 ． 疑问代词 ：为必考点。考查角度为特殊疑问代词的辨析。主要在单项填空和完形填空题型中考查。 考向 1 　人称代词、物主代词与反身代词 近 5 年云南中考在单项填空和完形填空题型中，对于人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的考查主要是辨人称。云南省卷完形填空题中考查了 3 次； 昆明卷单项填空考查了 1 次，完形填空考查了 3 次； 曲靖卷单项填空考查了 1 次。具体情况如下： 云南： 2018·36 题 ( 完形 ); 2017·41 题 ( 完形 ); 2016·36 题 ( 完形 ) 昆明： 2018·40 题 ( 完形 ); 2017·23 题； 2016·42 题 ( 完形 ); 2015·43 题 ( 完形 ) 曲靖： 2017·34 题 中考考点 · 精讲 题型一　单项填空与完形填空 当选项同为人称代词 (I, you she, he) 或同为物主代词 (my, your, her, his) 或其他同一形式时，根据句子中的提示词或已给出的人称来判断空格处相应的代词； 其中第一、二人称比较容易判断，第三人称的区分方法如下： (1) 若所填空指代的是题干中的 lady, woman, mother, Miss, Mis., sister, aunt, girl, madam 等代表女士的词或 Lily, Lucy 等女孩名时，应用与 she 相关的词 (she, her, hers, herself) ； (2) 若所填空指代的是题干中的 gentleman, man, father, Mr., brother, uncle, boy, sir 等代表男士的词或 Jack, Tom 等男孩名时，应用与 he 相关的词 (he, him, his, himself) ； (3) 若所填空指代的是题干中的 some people, many students 等表示第三人称复数的词时，应用与 they 相关的词 (they, them, their, themselves) 。 【 方法点拨 】 第 1 步：由四个选项可知此题考查形容词性物主代词的辨析； 第 2 步：由句子中的 “ your ” 可知，问的对象是 “ 你的 ” ，所以答语是 “ 我的 ” ，因此可确定正确答案为 A 。 【 方法点拨 】 第 1 步：由四个选项可知此题考查 it 的正确形式； 第 2 步：分析句子结构可知，空格处需修饰限定后面的名词 “ beauty ” ，应用形容词性物主代词，因此可确定正确答案为 B 。 ☞ 重点突破 考生在复习过程中应着重分类记忆每个人称对应的主格、宾格、物主代词及反身代词。具体详见下表： 类　别 人　称 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 第一 人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二 人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三 人称 单数 he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself 复数 they them their theirs themselves ◆人称代词的用法 类　别 作　用 例　句 主格 作主语 We have never been abroad. 我们从未出过国。 宾格 作宾语，用 在动词、介 词后 Can you look after her while I'm away ？我不在时，你能照看一下她吗？ ( 介词之后 ) Let's go and find him. 让我们去找他。 ( 动词之后 ) 作表语，用在系动词之后 —Who's the boy in the photo ？照片中的男孩是谁？ —It's me. 是我。 ( 系动词之后 ) ◆物主代词的用法 类　别 作　用 例　句 形容词性 物主代词 作定语 This is her computer. 这是她的电脑。 名词性物 主代词 作主语 This isn't your pen. Yours is on the table. 这不是你的钢笔，你的在桌子上。 作宾语 I can't find my ruler. Can I use yours ？我找不见我的尺子了，我可以用你的吗？ 作表语 This coat is hers. 这件大衣是她的。 形容词性物主代词不能单独使用，用于名词前作定语，相当于形容词的作用； 名词性物主代词＝形容词性物主代词＋名词，具有名词特征，后面不接名词，须单独使用。 ◆反身代词的用法 作　用 位　置 例　句 作宾语 动词或介词之后 He can take care of himself. 他可以照顾自己。 作表语 系动词之后 The poor boy in the story is myself. 故事里的穷小子就是我自己。 作同位语 名词或代词 之后或句末 I myself did it. ＝ I did it myself. 我自己做到了。 反身代词不能放在名词前作定语，要想表达 “ 某人自己的 ……” ，用 own 作定语。 eg. my own room 我自己的房间 a book of her own 一本她自己的书 ☞ 活学巧练 1 ． My father is a worker. ____ is very kind. A ． It 　 　 B ． He 　　 　 C ． She 　　 　 D ． His 2 ． Lisa and Jenny are good friends.____ are both from Canada. A ． We 　 B ． They 　 C ． You 　 D ． Them 3 ． We like Mr.Green because he often tells ____ funny stories in class. A ． we 　 B ． us 　 C ． our 　 D ． ours B B B 4 ． —Excuse me. Is this ____ watch? —No, it's not __________. It's Jim's. A ． yours; me 　 B ． yours; mine C ． your; my 　 D ． your; mine 5 ． —Help ____ at my home. You can regard it as your own home. —Thank you. I will. A ． itself 　 B ． ourselves C ． themselves 　 D ． yourselves 6 ． Johan and Dicky are too busy to help us. Let's do it ____. A ． ourselves 　 B ． himself C ． herself 　 D ． themselves D D A 7 ． Nowadays I can choose online courses and study by ____. Of course, I can also save much time in this way. A ． yourself 　 B ． himself 　 C ． myself 　 D ． itself 8 ． Reading good books is like talking with great people. They can teach ____ much knowledge. A ． you 　 B ． your 　 C ． yours 　 D ． yourself C A 考向 2 　普通不定代词 近 5 年云南中考对普通不定代词的常考点主要集中在 little, a little, few, a few, both, either, neither, none, each, every 等词上，且均在单项填空题和完形填空题中考查，云南省卷单项填空题考查 2 次，昆明卷和曲靖卷的完形填空题各考查 1 次。具体如下： 云南： 2018·26 题； 2016·24 题 昆明： 2017·38 题 ( 完形 ) 曲靖： 2018·38 题 ( 完形 ) 解答普通不定代词的辨析类试题时，首先要分析语境及找出句中的关键词，并明确代词所指代的对象： (1) 指代人还是指代物； (2) 指代可数名词还是不可数名词； (3) 特指还是泛指； (4) 所指代的概念表示两者还是三者或三者以上； (5) 肯定概念还是否定概念。因此考生复习过程中应掌握不定代词的基本用法。 ☞ 考题例析 (2018· 云南 26 题 ) —I like the two dresses, but I can only afford __________ of them. —I suggest you take the white one. A ． all 　 B ． both 　 C ． neither 　 D ． either 【 方法点拨 】 第 1 步：由四个选项 all “ ( 三个或三个以上 ) 全； 都 ” 、 both “ 两者都 ” 、 neither “ 两者都不 ” 、 either “ 两者中任何一个 ” 可知此题考查不定代词辨析。第 2 步：由语境 “ I like the two dresses ” 和 “ I suggest you take the white one. ” 可知，我买不起两者中的任何一个，因此可确定正确答案为 D 。 ☞ 中考回放 (2016· 云南 24 题 ) —Which city would you like to live in, Beijing or Shanghai? —____. I'd like to choose Kunming. A ． Either B ． Both C ． Neither D ． None C ☞ 重点突破 1 ． 常见的普通不定代词 some, any few, little other, another many, much either, neither none, one each, every both, all 2 ． 常见的普通不定代词的区别 (1)both, either 与 neither 相同点 均用于两个人或物 不同点 both 指 “ 两者都 ” 。作主语时，谓语动词用复数，其反义词为 neither either 指 “ 两者中的任意一个 ” 。作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数 neither 指 “ 两者中没有一个 ” ( 全否定 ) 。作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数 (2)all, any 与 none 相同点 均用于三个或三个以上的人或物 不同点 all 指 “ 三个或三个以上的人或物 ” 。作主语时，谓语动词用复数，其反义词为 none any 指 “ 三个或三个以上的人或物中的任意一个 ” ，只能作定语 none 指 “ 三个或三个以上的人或物中没有一个 ” ( 全否定 ), 相当于 not any no one 用来指人，不能接 of 短语，当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 none 代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式； 代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。 eg. None of the information is correct. 这些信息不正确。 None of the soldiers are (is) afraid of difficulties. 战士们都不怕困难。 (3)much 与 many (4)each 与 every 相同点 均表示 “ 很多； 许多 ” ，可在句中作主语、宾语、定语 不同点 much 修饰不可数名词 many 修饰可数名词 each every 用作形容词、代词，可单独使用 仅作定语，不可单独使用 着重同类东西的个别性 着重同类东西的共同性 指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的 “ 每一个 ” 指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的 “ 每一个 ” 后可加 of 短语 后不可加 of 短语 不可以与 not 连用 与 not 连用构成部分否定 (5)little, a little, few 与 a few [ 链接第一部分 Grade 7 Book 2 Units 7 ～ 9] (6)another, other, the other, others 与 the others [ 链接第一部分 Grade 7 Book 2 Units 7 ～ 9] ☞ 活学巧练 1 ． —What would you like to drink, black coffee or orange juice? —____. Please give me a cup of tea. A ． Both 　 B ． All 　 C ． None 　 D ． Neither 2 ． —When shall we meet again next time? —____ day is all right. A ． Any 　 B ． None 　 C ． Either 　 D ． Neither D A 3 ． —Lucy, did your parents go to see the film Dying to Sur v i v e (《 我不是药神 》)yesterday? —No. We ____ stayed at home and watched TV. A ． both 　 B ． all 　 C ． either 　 D ． none 4 ． Mrs.Li has three children, but ____ of them lives with her. They live in other cities. A ． none 　 B ． some 　 C ． many 　 D ． all B A 5 ． —Tina, what do your parents do? —____ of them are English teachers. A ． All 　 B ． Either 　 C ． Each 　 D ． Both D 考向 3 　复合不定代词 近 5 年云南中考对复合不定代词的考查主要集中在－ thing 复合不定代词的辨析及复合不定代词与形容词的位置关系上。云南省卷和昆明卷的单项填空题中各考查过 1 次，曲靖卷考查过 3 次 ( 单项填空 2 次，完形填空 1 次 ) 。具体如下： 云南： 2017·25 题 昆明： 2018·29 题 曲靖： 2018·33 题； 2016·35 题； 2017·44 题 ( 完形 ) 解答复合不定代词的辨析类试题，首先要分析语境或找出句中的关键词，并明确代词所指代的对象： (1) 指代人还是指代物； (2) 肯定概念还是否定概念； (3) 有没有固定句型。因此考生在复习过程中应掌握复合不定代词的基本用法。 【 方法点拨 】 第 1 步：由四个选项 anybody “ 任何人 ” 、 somebody “ 某人； 有人 ” 、 everybody “ 人人； 每人 ” 、 nobody “ 没有人 ” 可知此题考查复合不定代词辨析； 第 2 步：理解句意可知，是没有人能从你那里拿走它，因此可确定正确答案为 D 。 【 方法点拨 】 第 1 步：由四个选项可知是考查形容词修饰不定代词时的位置，以及不定代词 something 和 anything 的用法辨析； 第 2 步：由形容词修饰不定代词时位于不定代词之后可排除 A 、 D 项； 第 3 步：辨析 something “ 某事 / 某物 ” ，常用于肯定句中， anything “ 任何事 / 物 ” ，常用于疑问句或否定句，由语境可知此句是肯定句，因此确定正确答案为 B 。 ☞ 中考回放 1 ． (2017· 云南 25 题 ) —Jack, how was your summer vacation? —Just so － so, I decided to go ____ for my next vacation. A ． something wonderful 　 B ． wonderful something C ． somewhere wonderful 　 D ． wonderful somewhere 2 ． (2016· 曲靖 35 题 ) —It's sunny outside. Why not go out and have a look? —There is ____ here. I just want to have a rest. A ． nothing special 　 B ． something new C ． everything amazing 　 D ． anything similar C A ☞ 重点突破 1 ． 常见的复合不定代词 somebody anybody nobody everybody someone anyone no one everyone something anything nothing everything 2 ．复合不定代词＋形容词：形容词修饰不定代词时，位于不定代词之后，作后置定语。 3 ．当 something /anything/ nothing 等不定代词作主语时，反意疑问句的主语用 it 。当 somebody /anybody/ nobody 等不定代词作主语时，反意疑问句的主语用 he/they 。 4 ． anything /anybody 用于否定句或疑问句中，也可用于肯定句中，指“任何事 / 人”。 5 ． not…everything /everybody 指“并非所有的事 / 人” ( 部分否定 ) 。 6 ． not…anything /anybody ＝ nothing/ nobody( 全部否定 ) 。 ☞ 活学巧练 1 ． —Wow, so many new buildings! But it used to be a poor village. —Yes, ____ has changed in our hometown. A ． nothing 　 B ． nobody 　 C ． everything 　 D ． everybody 2 ． —____ called you when you out. —Who was it? Is it Annie? A ． Nobody 　 B ． Everybody C ． Anybody 　 D ． Somebody C D 3 ． Is there ____ in today's China Daily? A ． something important 　 B ． anything important C ． important something 　 D ． important anything 4 ． —Doctor, what's wrong with me? —____ serious. You have just got a cold. A ． Something 　 B ． Nothing C ． Everything 　 D ． Anything B B 考向 4 　指示代词 近 5 年云南中考对指示代词的考查很少，只在曲靖卷的单项填空题中考查了 2 次，在昆明卷的完形填空题中考查了 1 次。主要考查 it 的特殊用法、 it 与 one 的区别和指示代词的辨析。具体如下： 曲靖： 2015·32 题； 2014·35 题 昆明： 2014·47 题 ( 完形 ) 考生在解答指示代词 it /one/ that 类试题时，要结合语境进行如下判断： (1) 下文提到的对象是否与上文是同一事物； (2) 下文提到的对象是否与上文是同类但不是同一个。对于 it 的特殊用法需要明确 it 一般放在动词后作形式宾语。 ☞ 考题例析 (2015· 曲靖 32 题 ) —Excuse me.Is this parking lot open for public use? —No.But that __________ across from the road is open for anyone. A ． it 　 B ． it's 　 C ． one 　 D ． its 【 方法点拨 】 第 1 步：由四个选项可知，此题考查代词辨析； 第 2 步：分析句子可知此处缺主语，排除 B 、 D 项，结合上下文意思可知是指两处停车场，同类而不是同一个。故选 C 。 ☞ 中考回放 (2014· 曲靖 35 题 ) I find ____ necessary to learn about the customs of a country before you go there. A ． that 　 B ． this 　 C ． it 　 D ． one C ☞ 重点突破 1 ． 指示代词的用法 (1)this /these 指代较近的人或物，也可介绍别人； that/ those 指代较远的人或物。 (2) 打电话时用 this 代指自己； 用 that 代指对方。 eg. Hello! This is Tina speaking. Who's that? 您好！我是蒂娜。您是？ (3) 表示比较时用 that 代指前文出现的不可数名词；可数名词复数用 those 代指。 eg. The weather in North China is much colder than that in South China in winter. 冬季华北地区的天气比华南地区冷得多。 【 拓展 】 辨析 it, one, that 与 this 代　词 用　法 例　句 it 特指上下文提到的对象，是同一事物 The book is mine. It's very interesting. 这本书是我的，它很有趣。 one 泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个，同类而不同一 —Who has a novel named The name of the people ？谁有一本叫 《 人民的名义 》 的小说？ —I have one. 我有一本。 that 常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复 The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shenzhen. 北京的天气比深圳的更寒冷。 this 指代近的物体 This is yours and that is mine. 这是你的，那是我的。 it 的特殊用法 (1) 作形式主语时，常用于下列句型中： ◆ It is/was ＋ adj . ＋ (for sb.) ＋ to do sth. “ ( 对某人来说 ) 做某事是 ……” ◆ It's time to do/for sth. “ 到做某事的时间了 ” ◆ It seems/seemed that …“ 看起来 …… ； 似乎 ……” ◆ It's one's turn to do sth. “ 轮到某人做某事了 ” ◆ It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. “ 做某事花费某人多长时间 ” (2) 作形式宾语时，常用在 find /think/ believe 等动词后。 eg. I found it important to learn English well. 我发现学好英语很重要。 ☞ 活学巧练 1 ． —Who is singing in the next room? —____ must be Marie. A ． It 　 B ． She 　 C ． This 　 D ． That 2 ． —Can I get you a drink? —That's very nice of you. I've already got ____. A ． it 　 B ． one 　 C ． that 　 D ． this A B 3 ． Your hometown is really nice ！ The air quality is as good as ____ of Sanya. A ． it 　 B ． one 　 C ． this 　 D ． that 4 ． —Why did ____ take Aunt Alice almost an hour to get home? —I don't know. Maybe there was something wrong with her car. A ． that 　 B ． she 　 C ． it 　 D ． this D C 考向 5 　疑问代词 云南中考对疑问代词的考查会和疑问副词混合进行考查，虽然云南中考近 5 年没有涉及，但常出现在听力中，所以掌握其用法至关重要。 考生在解答疑问代词类试题时，首先要掌握常见疑问代词的含义及基本用法，然后结合语境，选择合适的疑问代词。 ☞ 重点突破 疑问代词有 who, whom, whose, what, which 等，用来引导特殊疑问句。其形式和用法如下： 疑问代词 意　义 基本用法 who 谁 作主语、表语、宾语 whom 谁 作宾语 (who 的宾格 ) whose 谁的 作主语、表语、宾语、定语 (who 的所有格 ) what 什么 作主语、表语、宾语、定语 which 哪个 作主语、表语、宾语、定语 ☞ 活学巧练 1 ． —____ did you buy for your mom for Mother's Day? —Some flowers. A ． How 　 B ． Why 　 C ． When 　 D ． What 2 ． —____ is the girl with curly hair? —She is Lucy and she is my friend. A ． Who 　 B ． Which 　 C ． What 　 D ． Whom D A 3 ． —____ season do you like best? —Winter is my favorite season because I can skate in winter days. A ． What 　 B ． Which 　 C ． When 　 D ． Where B 考向　人称代词、物主代词与反身代词之间的相互转换 近 5 年云南中考针对代词的考查，主要出现在用所给代词的适当形式填空中，考情分析如下： (1) 云南省卷 5 年 5 考，每年必考一题； 曲靖卷 5 年 3 考。具体为： 云南： 2018·68 题； 2017·67 题； 2016·68 题； 2015·66 题； 2014·68 题 曲靖： 2018·68 题； 2015·79 题； 2014·79 题 题型二　用所给词的适当形式填空 (2) 括号中给出的代词除 2017 年云南省卷 67 题外，都是人称代词的主格形式，其中云南省卷 1 次 they, 1 次 her, 2 次 I, 1 次 we; 曲靖卷 1 次 you, 1 次 they, 1 次 we 。 (3) 根据考查规律，所填答案都需要变形，其中云南省卷 3 次反身代词， 1 次人称代词宾格， 1 次形容词性物主代词； 曲靖卷 1 次反身代词， 1 次形容词性物主代词， 1 次人称代词宾格。 1 ． 填反身代词的判定方法： (1) 固定搭配中 by ＋反身代词， v ．＋反身代词； (2) 根据语境判断。 2 ． 填人称代词宾格的判定方法： (1) 动词＋宾格； (2) 介词＋宾格。 3 ． 填形容词性物主代词的判定方法： (1) 形容词性物主代词＋名词； (2) 固定搭配中 ( 如： try one's best) 。 ☞ 考题例析 (2018· 云南 68 题 ) The young should learn to make decisions by __________(they) ． 【 方法点拨 】 第 1 步：由括号中所给单词 “ they ” 可知，此处要填 “ they ” 的正确形式； 第 2 步：由介词 “ by ” 及语境可知此处是固定搭配 by oneself, 故填 they 的反身代词 themselves 。 ☞ 中考回放 1 ． (2018· 曲靖 68 题 ) Boys and girls, safety comes first! It's important for you to learn to protect ______________ (you) ． 2 ． (2017· 云南 67 题 ) The little girl is so smart. She can make a cake by ________ without help. (her) 3 ． (2016· 云南 68 题 ) Helping others is helping___________ ， so we should try our best to help those in need.(we) 4 ． (2015· 云南 66 题 ) Mother is my first teacher. She teaches ________ a lot about life.(I) yourselves herself ourselves me 5 ． (2015· 曲靖 79 题 ) —Many teens spend much time in front of ________ (they)smart phones, computers and TVs. —They should cut down screen time. 6 ． (2014· 云南 68 题 ) I don't know whether the dream can come true, but I will try ________ best.(I) 7 ． (2014· 曲靖 79 题 ) Mr. Wang teaches ________ (we)math. He always makes his classes lively and interesting. their my us ☞ 活学巧练 1. We can read about everything in books. They provide hope to ________.(we) 2 ． Last week the students went skating and enjoyed__________ very much.(them) 3 ． My sister likes painting. It's one of ________ hobbies.(she) 4 ． Good books are like ________ wise friends, because they support you to walk forward and help you understand the world.(you) 5 ． My grandma always tells ________ nothing is more important than health.(I) 6 ． Jane is too young to look after ________.(her) 7 ． This morning I cooked breakfast by ___________.(I) us themselves her your me herself myself 重难题型攻关 题型一　完形填空 答题第三步： 逐句细读，边读边填。 根据文章大意及固定搭配等先选出可以直接选出的题目，再结合上下文，选出需根据上下文语境选出的题目； 最后，贯通全篇，情景还原，根据逻辑关系合理推断，确定剩余的题目。 答题第四步： 复读全文，检查答案。 所有空格都填完之后，最好能把文章从头到尾带着所填答案重新读一遍，检查所填答案是否符合语篇逻辑，是否前后对应。 答题第五步： 核对答案，反思错题。 [ 答案速查 ] 1 ～ 5 　 DBACB 　 6 ～ 10 　 CBDAC [ 答案精析 ] 1 ． D 　由前句关键词“ a man” 可知此处代指这个男士，应用代词 he 。 2 ． B 　由前句中“ buy himself a new pair of shoes” 可知此处应表示量脚的大小。 3 ． A 　此四个选项均可与 down 搭配， write down“ 写下”； sit down“ 坐下”； cut down“ 砍倒；削减”； fall down“ 跌倒； 倒塌”。由空后的“ on a piece of paper” 可知 write down 符合语境。 * 1 题利用首句解题。 * 2 、 3 、 6 、 10 题利用上下文语境解题。 * 4 题利用原词复现方法解题。 4 ． C 　由前文内容可知是要去买鞋，故应该是去鞋店。 5 ． B 　由语境可知此处前后两个分句为转折关系，故选 B 。 6 ． C 　由前句内容他到了鞋店但是找不到写有尺寸的纸，可知此处应表示回家去拿。 7 ． B 　 hour 为可数名词，且此处表示肯定意思，故选 B 。 8 ． D 　由下文他没有买到鞋可知此处应表示鞋店关门了，表示 “ 关闭的 ” 应用形容词 closed, 故选 D 。 9 ． A 　 buy sth. for sb. “ 为某人买某物 ” ，为固定短语。 10 ． C 　由他的回答可推测有人问他为什么不自己试穿，故选 C 。 * 5 题利用逻辑关系解题。 * 7 题利用语法知识解题。 * 8 题利用语法知识与上下文语境解题。 * 9 题利用固定搭配解题。 以帮助别人迟早会以这种或那种方式给你带来一些东西这句话来引出下文。 交代自己帮助别人的经过。 交代自己到校之后，帮助别人为自己带来的好处。 总结全文，帮助了别人也收获了友谊。 答题第三步： 逐句细读，边读边填。 根据文章大意及固定搭配等先选出可以直接选出的题目，再结合上下文，选出需根据上下文语境选出的题目； 最后，贯通全文，情景还原，根据逻辑关系合理推断，确定剩余的题目。 1 ． A.old 　 B ． new 　 C ． small 　 D ． big 2 ． A.snowy 　 B ． rainy 　 C ． cloudy 　 D ． sunny 3 ． A.third 　 B ． second 　 C ． first 　 D ． last 4 ． A.what 　 B ． who 　 C ． which 　 D ． whose 5 ． A.or 　 B ． so 　 C ． and 　 D ． but 6 ． A.surprised 　 B ． worried C ． helped 　 D ． warmed 选项翻译： 1 ． A. 旧的　 B ．新的　 C ．小的　 D ．大的 2 ． A. 下雪的　 B ．下雨的　 C ．多云的　 D ．晴朗的 3 ． A. 第三　 B ．第二　 C ．第一　 D ．最后 4 ． A. 什么　 B ．谁　 C ．哪一个　 D ．谁的 5 ． A. 或者　 B ．因此　 C ．和　 D ．但是 6 ． A. 使惊奇　 B ．担心　 C ．帮助　 D ．温暖 7 ． A.Truly 　 B ． Finally 　 C ． Exactly 　 D ． Suddenly 8 ． A.beside 　 B ． besides 　 C ． across 　 D ． from 9 ． A.looked up 　 B ． got up C ． looked down 　 D ． sat down 10 ． A.When 　 B ． Where 　 C ． What 　 D ． How 7 ． A. 真正地　 B ．最后　 C ．恰恰　 D ．意外地 8 ． A. 在 …… 旁边　 B ．而且 C ．穿过　 D ．从 9 ． A. 向上看　 B ．起床　 C ．低头看　 D ．坐下 10 ． A. 什么时候　 B ．哪里　 C ．什么　 D ．如何 答题第四步： 复读全文，检查答案。 所有空格都填完之后，最好能把文章从头到尾带着所填答案重新读一遍，检查所填答案是否符合语篇逻辑，是否前后对应。 答题第五步： 核对答案，反思错题。 正确答案： 1 ～ 5 ___________ 　 6 ～ 10 ___________ BACBD DBAAC 太空旅行不是什么新鲜事。 太空站的发展情况。 宇航员在空间站居住的时间的变化。 宇航员在空间站生活时遇到的问题。 答题第三步： 逐句细读，边读边填。 根据文章大意及固定搭配等先选出可以直接选出的题目，再结合上下文，选出需根据上下文语境选出的题目，最后，贯通全篇，情景还原，根据逻辑关系合理推断，确定剩余的题目。 1.A.into 　 　 B ． with 　 　 C ． of 2 ． A.or 　 B ． but 　 C ． unless 3 ． A.ones 　 B ． one 　 C ． first 4 ． A.found 　 B ． was built 　 C ． was brought 选项翻译： 1 ． A. 到 …… 里面； 进入　 B ．和　 C ． …… 的； 由于 2 ． A. 或者　 B ．但是　 C ．除非 3 ． A. 其中之一个　 B ．一个　 C ．第一 4 ． A. 发现　 B ．被建立　 C ．被带来 5 ． A.them 　 B ． they 　 C ． its 6 ． A.lived 　 B ． played 　 C ． took 7 ． A.more 　 B ． shorter 　 C ． longer 8 ． A.am 　 B ． is 　 C ． are 9 ． A.apple 　 B ． vegetable 　 C ． meals 10 ． A.such as 　 B ． at last 　 C ． next to 5 ． A. 他们 ( 宾格 ) 　 B ．他们 ( 主格 ) 　 C ．它的 6 ． A. 居住　 B ．玩　 C ．花费 7 ． A. 更多的　 B ．更短的　 C ．更长的 8 ． A. 用于第一人称　 B ．用于单数人称　 C ．用于复数人称 9 ． A. 苹果　 B ．蔬菜　 C ．饭 10 ． A. 例如　 B ．最后　 C ．相邻 答题第四步： 复读全文，检查答案。 所有空格都填完之后，最好能把文章从头到尾带着所填答案重新读一遍，检查所填答案是否符合语篇逻辑，是否前后对应。 正确答案： 1 ～ 5 _____________ 　 6 ～ 10 _____________ 答题第五步： 核对答案，反思错题。 ABCBC ACBCA 重难题型攻关 题型三　书面表达 中考英语高分作文十字诀 一、英语作文分为四等： 一等文： 13 － 15 分； 二等文： 9 － 12 分； 三等文： 5 － 8 分； 四等文： 0 － 4 分。 二、结构要点逻辑语法亮点 1 ． 结构：三段式 中考最流行的结构就是三段式，深受各地区中考英语写作阅卷老师的喜爱。为什么呢？因为这种结构十分清晰，“观点 —— 要点 —— 总结”让人一目了然。 三段式的第一段：简单明了，开门见山，不超过 2 句话，如，我们想表达小强很强壮，第一段直接说“ XQ is extremely strong.” 观点明确，这一句足矣。 第二段：分 2 － 3 点说为什么他强壮。 1 ．每天吃 10 顿饭，“ He has ten meals every day ！”举例说明吃的是什么。 2 ．每天运动 2 小时，“ He does exercise 2 hours a day ！”举例说明做了什么运动。 第三段：经过第二段的论证，可以得出结论。但请注意，不能完全照抄第一段，要有升华。也可以提出希望和建议等。如： How strong and robust XQ is! I hope to be him one day! 2 ． 要点：全，围绕中心 实际上中考英语写作就等于两个字，翻译！因为中考英语写作一般会给出几个要点，要求必须在文章中有所体现。文章写得再好，只要缺少要点就会扣分。所以“要点”，也就是文章的第二段内容，要做到全，围绕中心。 3 ． 逻辑：逻辑词 这里的逻辑实际指的就是逻辑词。最常用的就是表示递进的、转折的、因果的、总结的逻辑词等。 递进：除了 first, second, third, finally 等还可以使用高级点的，如： first of all( 首先 ), in addition, what's more, more over( 都是另外的意思 ), in a word, all in all( 表示总结的 ) 。 转折： but, yet, however 等。真正有经验的阅卷老师会很注意这些逻辑连接词，因为这些词体现了这个文章的思路。 因果： because, because of, since, as, for, now that, thanks to, due to( 由于 ), so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that, then, so…that… ， such…that… 总结： in a word( 总之，简言之 ), in general, in short( 总之 ), above all, after all, generally speaking, to sum up, finally, in conclusion, at last, in summary 4 ． 语法：硬性要求 其他几点都不是硬性的要求，不那样做不能说是错，只能说是不好，但是语法却是硬性的，用不对就是错，如：单词的使用、时态、非谓语词、主谓一致等。 5 ． 亮点：高级点的词汇、词组、句型 当我们将前八个字“结构、要点、逻辑、语法”都做得很完美的时候也只能得到一个二等文的上。要想得到一等文，最后两个字，“亮点”至关重要。 大家设想如果我们是阅卷老师。有两篇写人美丽的作文摆在我们面前，都是结构清晰的三段式，要点都很全，都用了一些逻辑词，都没有语法错误，但是 A 篇只用了 beautiful, good － looking, B 篇却用到了 attractive, charming, catching 等，我坚信正常人都会给 B 篇高分的。 这些高级一点的词汇、词组、句型便是我们得到一等文的最有力的绝招。所以，以后写英语作文要养成一般词汇限量用的好习惯。 分析云南省近五年的中考真题，写人叙事类作文主要涵盖以下两个方面：描述人物性格外貌特征，发掘人格闪光点，达到情感升华； 记述生活中的一件小事或一件特殊而有意义的事，感悟事情本质，寻找内心触动点。多考查第一人称的使用，在描述发生在过去的事情时考查对一般过去时的正确使用。 中考话题 · 剖析 类别一　写人叙事类 高级词汇： 1 ． slim 苗条的 2 ． chubby 肥胖的 3 ． warm － hearted 热心肠的 4 ． unforgettable 难以忘怀的 5 ． impressive 印象深刻的 6 ． meaningful 有意义的 7 ． grateful 感激的 高级句型： 1 ． How time flies! 2 ． I've learned a lot from it. 3 ． You can't imagine how happy I am! 4 ． I am so proud that I made it. 5 ． I kept practicing and never gave up. 6 ． Thank you very much for everything you've done for me. 7 ． This is my day. It's a funny day. How about you? 8 ． I have never expressed my thanks and respect to you. 9 ． I really had a good time on my…birthday. I will treasure it forever. 10 ． My middle school life is meaningful and colorful. I will never forget it. 11 ． We enjoyed ourselves so much that… 12 ． What a wonderful trip we had! 13 ． I was so…that I can't help doing sth. 14 ． She is friendly /kind/ warm － hearted /optimistic/ funny. 15 ． She is of medium build and has long/short hair. 16 ． He has big eyes and a round face. 17 ． Thank you very much for… 1 ．感谢你在我有困难的时候照顾我。 Thank you very much for caring for me when I was in trouble. 2 ．我们玩得很开心以至于忘记了回来的时间。 We enjoyed ourselves so much that we forgot the time to go back. 3 ．我的同桌是我心中最好的女孩。 My deskmate is the best girl in my heart. 4 ．到达山顶花了我们 5 个小时。 It took us five hours to get to the top of the mountain. 　　 Among various kinds of things in my mind, 事件 is the most meaningful/enjoyable/unforgettable one. 　　 The story happened on 时间 in/on/at 地点 . On the way to school/the cinema, I 记人和事 . Without thinking, I 事情经过． 　　 When I reached school/the cinema, the classes/film have/has finished. 　　 But I 抒发自己的感想 . From the story/experience I 收获或明白了什么道理 . (2018· 安徽改编 ) 提示： 某英文杂志社正向九年级毕业生征文，请从以下要点中选择一至两个方面，并结合具体事例，用英语写一篇题为“ Thank you, my teacher ！”的短文参加此次活动。主要包括： 1. 严格要求； 2. 耐心指导； 3. 热情鼓励； 4.…… 要求： 1. 语言流畅、书写规范、卷面整洁，词数不少于 60 个； 2 ．文中不得使用真实的姓名、校名，否则以零分计。 【 审题指导 】 1 ． 文体： 要求考生感谢自己的老师，属于说明文。 2 ． 人称： 谈论与自己相关的人应该采用第三人称； 谈论自己的感受应该使用第一人称。 3 ． 时态： 谈论人可采用一般现在时； 描述发生的事情应用一般过去时态。 4 ． 写作要点： ① 介绍这个人是谁； ② 这个人有什么特点； ③ 与自己有怎样的故事。 【 写作导图 】 Thank you, my teacher! I'd like to say thanks to my English teacher, Miss Li, because she has helped me a lot. Once, I failed my English exam. ① She found I was very worried . She encouraged me to study harder and promised to help me. After that, I turned to her for help every time I had questions.  ① 用 when 来连接这两个句子。 ② She was always patient with me . She makes me understand every single question. With her help, I've had enough courage to face difficulties and made much progress in English. Thank you, my dear teacher! The love and support from you will be with me forever.  ② 用动词不定式连接两个句子表示目的。 Thank you, my teacher! I'd like to say thanks to my English teacher, Miss Li, because she has helped me a lot. Once, I failed my English exam. ① When she found I was very worried, she encouraged me to study harder and promised to help me. After that, I turned to her for help every time I had questions. ② She was always patient to make me understand every single question. With her help, I've had enough courage to face difficulties and made much progress in English. Thank you, my dear teacher! The love and support from you will be with me forever. A 提示： 成长过程中，总会有一段难忘的经历陪伴过你。也许是和朋友出去旅行，也许是学会了一项新的技能 …… 这些事情让我们喜悦或兴奋，同时也给我们带来一段美好的回忆。请你以“ An Unforgettable Experience” 为题，写一篇短文，描述一件难忘的事。 要求： 1. 语言流畅，书写规范，卷面整洁，词数不少于 60 个； 2 ．文中不能使用真实姓名和校名，否则以零分计。 An Unforgettable Experience As we grow up, there must be something that we'll never forget. When I was 13 years old, I had some training with my classmates. We went to a village and we needed to live in a small room for two days. We did everything by ourselves. Our parents couldn't help us, because they didn't stay with us. We got up very early in the morning. We had to clean ourselves quickly. And then we stood in a line. We learn a lot of things there, such as cooking, washing and even making beds. Every day, we had to do farm work for more than three hours. Since then, I have learnt how to look after myself. I also realized the importance of independence. What an unforgettable experience it was ！ B 提示： 帮助老人是中华民族的传统美德。然而在当今社会，这一美德却备受争议。针对社会上广泛讨论的关于应不应该帮助处于困境中的老人的话题，请谈谈你的观点和看法。 要求： 1 ．语言流畅，书写规范，卷面整洁，词数不少于 60 个； 2 ．文中不能使用真实姓名和校名，否则以零分计。 Should we help the old in trouble? Today there is a hot topic discussed by the people about whether to help the old in trouble or not. I think we should help the old in trouble because helping the old is a traditional virtue in China. In fact, I believe most of the students really want to help the old. However, sometimes helping those old people who aren't really in trouble may cause much trouble for themselves. Those old people actually want to get some money by cheating others, especially young and kind students. Although every person has different thoughts, I believe there are still many good people in the society. C 提示： 孔子说过“夫孝，德之本也”，母爱至深，母爱无价。请以“ I Love My Mother” 为题写一篇文章，来讲述一下你和母亲之间的真情故事。 要求： 1 ．语言流畅，书写规范，卷面整洁，词数不少于 60 个； 2 ．文中不能使用真实姓名和校名，否则以零分计。 I Love My Mother Everyone needs love. I love my mother deeply. My mother is a farmer. She looks old even though she's only 45 years old because she has to work hard in the field every day. My mother does a lot for me. She always buys whatever I need for my study, even though she doesn't have much money. When I have a little cold, she will bring me to see a doctor by herself. What's more, she cooks delicious and healthy food for me. When I grow up, I will do whatever I can do to make my mother happy. 分析云南省近五年的中考真题，做法建议类作文主要是就某一目的给出作者自己的建议，在写作时注意结构和内容上的分层，结尾时不忘总结。多考查第一人称或第二人称的使用，考查对一般现在时和一般将来时的正确使用。 类别二　做法建议类 [ 高级词汇 ] 1 ． wise 明智的　　　　 2 ． better 更好 3 ． achieve 实现　　　　 4 ． goal 目标 5 ． way 方法　　　　 6 ． step 步骤 7 ． firstly 首先　　　　 8 ． secondly 其次 9 ． thirdly 再次　　　　 10 ． finally 最终 [ 高级句型 ] 1 ． It's adj . for sb.to do sth. 2 ． In order to… 3 ． so…that… 4 ． I have better do… 5 ． Only when…can I… 1 ．我需要保持健康。 I need to stay healthy. 2 ．对于我来说，坚持自己的计划是不容易的。 It's difficult for me to stick to my plans. 3 ．学习太重要了，我必须通过好的方法来学习。 Study is so important that I must have good ways of learning. 4 ．你最好每天都跑步。 You'd better run every day. 5 ．只有努力学习，我才能取得好成绩。 Only when I work hard can I get good grades. 　　 In recent days, we have to face a 事件， which is becoming more and more serious 说明事件或问题 . Therefore, we should take a series of effective measures to solve 事件或问题 . Here are some suggestions on solving 事件或问题 . First of all, 建议一， then, 建议二， finally, 建议三 . In a word, I believe that 总结性的话语 . (2018· 青海改编 ) 提示： 5 月 4 日，北京大学喜迎 120 周年校庆，北大校长在致辞中将“鸿鹄志”中的“鹄”念成“ hao” 。第二天，他通过论坛表示歉意，同时表示自己并不是一个完美的人，也有缺点和不足，也会犯错误。对此，某英文网站公开征集网友的看法，请以小明的名义用英语给网站编辑写一封电子邮件，表明你的观点。 要求： 1 ．语言流畅、书写规范、卷面整洁，词数不少于 60 个； 2 ．文中不得使用真实的姓名、校名，否则以零分计。 Dear editor, The event has been a hot issue these days. _______________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Yours, Xiao Ming 【 审题指导 】 1 ．文体：要求考生写一封电子邮件，内容是对北大校长犯错后公开表达歉意的做法发表自己的看法，属于说明文。 2 ．人称：使用第一人称和第三人称。 3 ．时态：使用一般现在时态。 4 ．写作要点： ① 陈述时间； ② 表明自己的观点； ③ 分析争议的原因。 【 写作导图 】 Dear editor, The event has been a hot issue these days. ① In my opinion, everyone should forgive others' mistakes . Because everyone in the world may make mistakes. The person who can always face and admit mistakes bravely is worthy of being respected.  ① 用 who 引导的定语从句改写。 ② However, in terms of one's attitude, I think the public can't accept the president's attitude. He should have prepared his speech well before that. After all, this is a very important speech, and people may always expect a perfect president from such a famous key university. Yours, Xiao Ming  ② what makes the public unacceptable 作从句主语。 Dear editor, The event has been a hot issue these days. ① In my opinion, everyone should look at others' mistakes tolerantly because there is no one in the world who never makes mistakes. The person who can always face and admit mistakes bravely is worthy of being respected. ② However, in terms of one's attitude, I think, what makes the public unacceptable is the president's attitude. He should have well prepared for his speech beforehand. After all, this is a very important occasion, and people may always expect a perfect president from such a famous key university. Yours, Xiao Ming A 提示： 在你的生活经历中，一定和他人因意见不同而争辩过，甚至试图说服对方同意自己的观点。然而不同的人对待事情有不同的看法，或支持，或反对，请以“ My Opinion on __________” 为题，用英语写一篇短文。 要求： 1. 请把题目补充完整； 2 ．语言流畅，书写规范，卷面整洁，词数不少于 60 个； 3 ．文中不能使用真实姓名和校名，否则以零分计。 My Opinion on ___________________ Nowadays, the topic of outdoor activities is becoming more and more popular. Some people think it is not good for students to do many outdoor activities. While others think it is good for students to improve their practice ability. In my opinion, we can learn more knowledge and open up our eyes by doing that. What's more, it is a good way for us to learn to protect the environment by staying close to nature. And we can get on well with our teachers and classmates. We should learn some safety knowledge more often before these outdoor activities. That is more helpful to protect and save ourselves. 　 Outdoor Activities B 提示： 生活中我们难免会遇到各种各样的事，身体的或是心灵的。如何保持身心畅快是我们的追求所在。请以“ How to keep __________” 为题写篇英语短文。 要求： 1. 请把题目补充完整； 2 ．语言流畅，书写规范，卷面整洁，词数不少于 60 个； 3 ．文中不能使用真实姓名和校名，否则以零分计。 How to Keep ________ What's the most important thing in the world? I think it is to be healthy. Then how can we keep healthy? First, we must eat healthily. We should eat meat, vegetables, fruit and other kinds of food.Second, taking exercise is also very important. It can help us build up a strong body. What's more, we must stay happy all the time. I think making friends is one of the best ways to help us stay happy. In a word, keeping healthy is very important. When we are healthy, we can live a better life. Healthy C 提示： 随着年岁的增长，我们对事物的认识也更为深刻。如我们越来越意识到健康的意义，朋友的意义或是旅行的意义。请以“ The Meaning of __________” 为题写篇英语作文。 要求： 1. 请把题目补充完整； 2 ．语言流畅，书写规范，卷面整洁，词数不少于 60 个； 3 ．文中不能使用真实姓名和校名，否则以零分计。 The Meaning of ____________ Traveling is becoming more and more popular. But do you know the meaning of traveling? Many people like traveling because they just feel happy while traveling. Some people go traveling to relax themselves. Sometimes traveling is really a good way to forget worries in work or sadness in life. While traveling, we can learn something, such as finding the beauty of nature, knowing more about local cultures and customs, enjoying different kinds of delicious food and making more friends. I like traveling, too. In fact, traveling is a kind of sports. We will stay healthy if we often go traveling in our free time. Do you like traveling? Can you tell me your opinion on traveling ？ Traveling 云南近五年对于梦想计划类的写作角度仅考查过一次，如： 2014 云南卷下学年的计划。 类别三　梦想计划类 [ 高级词汇 ] 1 ． be going to do 2 ． decide to do 3 ． determine to do 4 ． make up one's mind to do [ 高级句型 ] 1 ． share my plan/dream with you 2 ． I believe my life in the future will be… 3 ． He /She wants to be a(n)…when he/ she grows up. 4 ． If you want to make your dream come true, you should… 5 ． In order to… ， I am planning to… 1 ．我希望将来我的生活会更好。 I hope my life in the future will be better. 2 ．我想和你分享我的梦想。 I would like/want to share my dream with you. 3 ．为了减肥，我计划每天晚饭后都去散步。 In order to lose weight, I plan to take a walk after supper every day. 　　 I want to be … ( 职业 ) in the future, so that … ( 原因 ). To make my dream come true, I will … ( 所做的事情 ). Beside, … ( 另外一个原因 ) 　　 I hope … ( 期望 ) A Plan for How to Achieve My Dream 提示： 难忘的初中三年生活即将结束，开学后同学们将进入人生的另一个阶段，踏入梦想开始的地方 —— 高中，相信大家都已经提前制定好了学习计划，为实现目标和理想而奋斗，请以“ A plan for How to Achieve My Dream” 为题，写一篇英文短文。 要求： 1 ．语言流畅、书写规范、卷面整洁，词数不少于 60 个； 2 ．文中不得使用真实姓名、校名，否则以零分计。 【 审题指导 】 1 ．文体：根据提示内容可知本文要求介绍实现梦想的计划，因此文章为说明文。 2 ．时态：以一般将来时态为主。 3 ．人称：全文都会写 “ 我的梦想 ” 相关内容，人称应该为第一人称。 4 ．写作要求：本文适合三段式写法， ① 介绍自己的目标和理想是什么； ② 介绍如何实现这个目标或者理想； ③ 总结。 A Plan for How to Achieve My Dream Soon I will say goodbye to my middle school life and become a high school student. My dream is to enter a famous university. So I have made a plan for my future. First, I will work hard at all my subjects. ① Second, I will try my best to help my classmates . I think I can get on well with all of them. Third, I will take part in different kinds of activities and take more exercise to keep healthy. I am sure I will make greater progress in high school. Where there's a will, there's a way. ② As long as I stick to my dream, I will achieve it one day .  ① 用 as much as possible 改写句子。  ② 用 be sure 和 come true 改写句子。 【 写作导图 】 A Plan for How to Achieve My Dream Soon I will say goodbye to my middle school life and become a high school student. My dream is to enter a famous university. So I have made a plan for my future. First, I will work hard at all my subjects. ① Second, I will help my classmates as much as possible. I think I can get on well with all of them. Third, I will take part in different kinds of activities and take more exercise to keep healthy. I am sure I will make greater progress in high school. Where there's a will, there's a way. ② As long as I stick to my dream, it is sure to come true one day. 提示： 假如你是琳达，经过紧张的学习之后，你刚刚考完期末考试。你决定本周末好好放松一下自己。请以“ My Weekend Plan” 为题，向大家介绍下你的周末计划。 要求： 1 ．语言流畅，书写规范，卷面整洁，词数不少于 60 个； 2 ．文中不能使用真实姓名和校名，否则以零分计。 My Weekend Plan 　 After a period of busy study, I decide to make plans to relax myself this weekend.On Saturday morning, I'm going to watch TV to relax myself after a long week's study. I like watching comedies and cartoons. On Saturday afternoon, I'm going to a bookstore to buy some books. Reading is one of my hobbies. On Sunday, I'm going to visit my grandparents because I miss them very much. I'll help them do some housework. I hope I will have a happy and meaningful weekend.