中考英语笔记知识点初三（1） 11页

中考英语知识点归纳-初三年级（1）‎ ‎【知识梳理】 ‎ I. 重点短语 ‎1. at the moment ‎ ‎2. used to 3. for a while ‎ ‎4. walk away with sth. ‎ ‎5.leave for some place ‎ ‎6. sooner or later 7. pay for ‎ ‎8. come up with an idea ‎9. think of ‎ ‎10. have a try ‎ ‎11.all over the world ‎ ‎12. be famous for ‎ ‎13. large numbers of ‎ ‎14.all the year round ‎ ‎15. no matter what ‎ ‎16. give up ‎17. for example ‎ ‎18. by the way ‎19. on business ‎ ‎20. so far ‎21. come true ‎ ‎22. set off ‎23. slow down ‎ ‎24. go on doing 25. wait for ‎26. be proud of ‎27. be afraid of ‎ ‎28. speak highly of ‎29. a year and a half ‎30. half a year 31. pick up ‎ ‎32. as soon as 33. keep… clean ‎ ‎34. take care of 35. cut down ‎ ‎36.make a ‎ contribution to ‎37. base on ‎ ‎38. make sure 39. take away ‎ ‎40. begin with ‎41. right now ‎42. as soon as ‎ possible ‎43. leave a message ‎ ‎44. all kinds of things 45. walk around ‎ ‎46. fall asleep ‎ ‎47. wake up ‎ ‎48. go on a trip 49. have a good time ‎ ‎50. take photos 51. come out ‎ ‎52. come on 53.have a family meeting ‎54. talk about ‎55. go for a holiday ‎56 go scuba diving ‎57. write down ‎ ‎58. by oneself 59. walk along ‎ ‎60. get a chance to do sth 61.have a wonde-‎ rful time ‎62. book a room ‎63. have an accident ‎ ‎64. be interested in ‎65. use sth. to do sth.‎ ‎66. make a TV show 67. be amazed at ‎68. take part in 69. feed on ‎70. get out of II. 重要句型 ‎1. Why don’t you do sth.? ‎ ‎2. make sb. Happy ‎3. borrow sth. from sb. ‎ ‎4. forget to do sth.‎ ‎5. pay for sth. ‎ ‎6. return sth. To sb.‎ ‎7. learn sth. from sb. ‎ ‎8. be famous for sth.‎ ‎9. No matter what… ‎ ‎10. be with sb.‎ ‎11. go on doing sth. ‎ ‎12. speak highly of sb.‎ ‎13. keep doing sth. ‎ ‎14. allow sb. To do sth.‎ ‎15. encourage sb. to do sth. ‎ ‎16. It is said that… ‎ III. 交际用语 ‎1. --- Excuse me, have you got …? --- Yes, I have. (Sorry, I haven’t.)‎ ‎2. --- Why don’t you …? --- Thanks, I will.‎ ‎3. --- Thanks a lot. (Thank you very much.) --- You are welcome.‎ ‎4. --- Have you ever done…? --- Yes, I have, once. (No, never.)‎ ‎5. --- I’ve just done… --- Really?‎ ‎6. ---What’s …like ?‎ ‎7. --- How long have you been…? --- Since…‎ ‎8. --- Have you ever been to…? --- I’ve never been there. (None of us has./ Only …has. ) ‎ ‎9. --- Would you like to have a try? --- I don’t think I can…‎ ‎10. --- What have you done since…?‎ ‎11. --- How long have you been at this …? --- For…‎ ‎12. --- How long has she/ he worked there…? --- She’s / He’s worked there for… / all her / his life.‎ ‎13. --- I’m sorry he isn’t here right now.‎ ‎14. --- May I help you?‎ ‎15. --- That’s very kind of you.‎ ‎16. ---Could we go scuba diving?‎ ‎17. --- Could you tell us how long we’re going to be away?‎ ‎18. --- Let’s try to find some information about it, OK?‎ ‎19. --- Could you please tell me how to search the Internet?‎ ‎20. --- Go straight along here.‎ ‎21. ---Please go to Gate 12.‎ ‎22. --- Please come this way.‎ ‎23. --- Could you tell me what you think about Hainan Island?‎ ‎24. --- That sounds really cool!‎ IV. 重要语法 ‎1. 宾语从句 ‎ ‎2. 现在完成时 ‎3. 一般过去时与现在完成时的用法比较：‎ ‎【名师讲解】‎ ‎1. Maybe/ may be ‎ ‎(1) maybe是副词，意思是“大概，也许”，常用作状语。 ‎ Maybe you put it in your bag.也许你把它放在包里了。 “Will he come tomorrow?”“Maybe not.”   “他明天来吗？”“也许不”。‎ ‎(2) may be相当于是情态动词may与be动词搭配一起作谓语，意思是“也许是…，可能是…”。 ‎ It may be 9:00 when they arrive.他们可能于九点到达。 The man may be a lawyer. 那人也许是律师。‎ ‎2. borrow/ lend/ keep/ use ‎ ‎(1) borrow表示的是从别人那里借来东西，即我们通常所说的“借进来”。 We often borrow books from our school library.我们经常从学校图书馆借书。 I borrowed this dictionary from my teacher. 我从老师那儿借来了这本字典。borrow是一个瞬间完成的动作，因此不能与时间段连用。 You can borrow my recorder for three days. (错误 ) I have borrowed this book for only one week. ( 错误 ) ‎ ‎(2) lend表示的是把自己的东西借给别人，即我们通常所说的“借出去”。 Thank you for lending me your bike.谢谢你把自行车借给我。 He often lends money to his brother.他经常借钱给他弟弟。‎ lend与borrow一样，也是一个瞬间完成的 动作，不能与一段时间连用。 ‎ ‎(3) keep的意思也是“借”，但一般是指借来后的保存或使用阶段，是一段持续的时间，因此可以与时间段连用。 You can keep my recorder for three days.我的录音机你可以借用三天。 I have kept this book for only one week.这本书我才刚借了一星期。‎ ‎(4) use也可以当“借用”讲，但它的本意是“用，使用”。 May I use your ruler? 我能借你的尺子用一下吗？‎ He had to use this public telephone.他不得不使用这部公用电话。‎ ‎3. leave/ leave for ‎(1) leave意思是“离开，留下”。We left Shanghai two years ago.我们两年前离开了上海。‎ He left his cell phone in the taxi last week.他上周把手机落在出租车里了。‎ ‎(2) leave for意思是“前往”，表示要去的目的地。 We will leave for Tibet next month.我们将于下个月去西藏。 The train is leaving for Moscow.这趟火车即将开往莫斯科。‎ ‎4. since/ for ‎ ‎(1) since用于完成时态，既能用作介词，也能用作连词，后常接时间点，意思是“自从”。 ‎ He has been a worker since he came into this city.自从他来到这个城市，他就是工人了。 ‎ I have never seen him since we last met in Shanghai .‎ 自从我们上次在上海见过之后，我再也没见过他。since作连词，还有“既然”的意思。 ‎ Since you are interested in it, just do it.   既然你对它感兴趣，那就做吧。 ‎ You can have fun now since you’ve finished your work. 既然你已经做完了功课，就开心玩会儿吧。 ‎ ‎(2) for用于完成时，用作介词，后常接一段时间，意思是“经过…”。 ‎ I have learned English for five years.我已经学了五年英语了。 They have waited for you for 30 minutes.他们已经等了你三十分钟了。‎ for也可以用作连词，但意思是“因为”。 ‎ They missed the flight for they were late.他们由于完到了而误了航班。 He fell ill for many reasons.他由于多种原因病倒了。‎ ‎5. neither/ either/ both ‎ ‎(1) neither作代词是对两者都进行否定，意思为“两者都不”，作主语时谓语动词用单数. Neither of the boys is from England.这两个男孩都不是来自英国。‎ I know neither of them. 他们两个我都不认识。 ‎ neither用作形容词，也修饰单数名词，意思与作代词时相同；用作连词时，一般与nor搭配，表示 “既不…也不”。作主语时，谓语动词也遵循就近原则。 ‎ She neither ate nor drank yesterday. 她昨天既不吃也不喝。 Neither he nor we play football on Sundays.   他和我们星期天都不踢球。‎ ‎(2) either作代词时，是指两者中的任意一方,(两者之)每一个，故作主语时谓语动词用单数. Either of the books is new.这两本书任何一本都是新的. She doesn’t like either of the films.这两部电影她都不喜欢.either作形容词, 用来修饰单数名词,意思与作介词时相同.   ‎ Either school is near my home.    (这两所学校中的)任何一所学校都离我家很近. Either question is difficult.两个问题(中的任何一个)都难.‎ either作连词时,一般与or搭配,表示两者选其意思是“不是…就是”。作主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。 ‎ Either he or I am right.不是他就是我是对的。 Either my sister or my parents are coming to see me.不是我姐姐就是我父母要来我。‎ ‎(3) both作代词时，指的是所涉及到的“两者都”, 故作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 ‎ I like both of the stories.这两个故事我都喜欢。 Both of my parents are teachers.我父母两人都是老师。‎ both作形容词时，用来修饰两者,意思与作代词时相同.‎ Both his arms are hurt.他的两只胳膊都受伤了。 Both these students are good at English. 这两个学生都擅长英语。‎ both用作连词时，多与and搭配，表示“既…又, 不仅…而且”, 作主语时,谓语动词仍用复数形式。 ‎ Both piano and violin are my bobbies.钢琴和小提琴都是我的爱好。 They study both history and physics. 他们既学历史，又学物理。 ‎ ‎6. find/look for/ find out ‎ ‎(1) find强调找的结果，意思是“找到”。此外还有“发现，发觉”的意思，后可接宾语从句。 Jim couldn’t find his hat.吉姆找不着帽子了。 Have you found your lost keys? 你找到丢失的钥匙了吗？ He found the lights were on along the street.他发现沿街的灯都亮了 ‎(2) look for的意思为“寻找”，指的是找的动作而非结果。另外，还有“盼望，期待”的意思。 She is looking for her son.她正在找她的儿子。 We’ve been looking for the car since early this morning.我们从今天一大早就开始找这辆车了。 I look for the coming holiday.我期待着即将来临的假期。‎ ‎(3) find out含有经过观察、研究或探索而得知的意思，后常接较抽象的事物，意思是“找出，发现，查明（真相）”等。 I can find out who took my money away.我能查出谁拿了我的钱。 Could you find out when the plane arrives? 你能设法知道飞机何时到吗？ ‎ ‎7. forget to do/ forget doing ‎ ‎(1) forget to do是指忘记去做某件事了，即该事还没有做。 Please don’t forget to call this afternoon.今天下午不要忘了给我打电话。 I forgot to take some small change with me.我身上忘了带零钱了。‎ ‎(2) forget doing是指忘记某件已经做过的事情，即该事已经做了，但被忘记了。 He forgot telling me his address.他忘了告诉过我地址了。 They forgot having been here before.他们忘了以前曾来过这儿。‎ ‎8. stop doing/ stop to do ‎ ‎(1) stop doing是指停止做某事，即doing这个动作不再继续。 They stopped debating.他们停止了辩论。（不辩论了） He had to stop driving as the traffic lights ‎ changed in to red. 由于交通灯变成了红色，他不得不停车。 ‎ ‎(2) stop to do是指停下来开始做另一件事，即停止原先的事，开始做do这个动作。 She stopped to have a rest.她停下来休息会儿。（开始休息） They stopped to talk.他们停下来开始交谈。‎ ‎9. except/ besides ‎ ‎(1) except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”，可以理解为“撇开…不谈”,表示两部分的不同。 Everyone is excited except me.除我以外的每个人都很激动。（他们激动，而我却不激动） All the visitors are Japanese except him.除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。（其他人是日本人，可他不是）‎ ‎(2)besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”，可以理解为“除之外…还、除之外…又”，表示两部分的相似性。 Twenty-five students went to the cinema besides him. 除他以外，还有25个学生去看了电影。(他和另外25人都去了) We like biology besides English.除了英语外，我们还喜欢生物。（生物和英语都喜欢）‎ besides还可用作副词，意思是“此外；而且”，常用于句首或句尾。 He is a great thinker, and besides, he is a politician. 他是一名伟大的思想家，除此以外，他还是一位政治家。 They encouraged me, and they supported me with money, besides. 他们不仅鼓励我，而且与我以金钱上的支持。 ‎ ‎10. keep doing/ keep on doing ‎ ‎(1) keep doing指的是连续地、坚持不断地做某事，中间不间断。 It kept blowing for a whole day.刮了一整天风了。 The temperature keeps dropping.温度持续下降。‎ ‎(2) keep on doing是指反复坚持做某事，但动作之间略有间隔。 They have kept on writing to each other for many years.他们已经互相通信多年了。 After drinking some water, he kept on talking.喝了一些水后，他坚持讲话。‎ ‎11. seem/ look 　‎ ‎(1)seem一般着重于以客观迹象为依据，意思是“似乎、好象、看起来…”。 The baby seems to be happy.婴儿看上去似乎很高兴。 He seemed to be sorry for that.他似乎为那件事感到抱歉。‎ seem能与to do结构连用，而look不能。 It seems to rain. 似乎要下雨了。 They seemed to have finished their work.他们似乎已经完成了工作。‎ 在it作形式主语的句型中只能用seem。 It seems that he is quite busy now.他现在看起来很忙。 It seems to us that there is nothing serious.在我看来没什么大不了的。 ‎ ‎(2) look用作“看起来；好像”时，常从物体的外观或样貌上来判断，是以视觉所接受的印象为依据的。 The room looks clean.这间房看起来很干净。 The girl looks like her mother.那女孩看起来向她的妈妈。‎ ‎12. such/ so ‎ ‎(1)such常用作形容词，用来修饰名词。 Don’t be such a fool.别这么傻。 He is such a clever boy.他是如此聪明的一个男孩。 ‎ ‎(1)so是副词，用来修饰形容词或副词。 He is so kind! 他真好心！ Why did you come so late? 你为何回来得如此晚？‎ 当名词前有many, much, few, little等表示多、少时，应该用so。 He has so many friends.他有如此多的朋友。 Only so little time is left! 才剩这么一点儿时间！‎ ‎13. either/ too/ also ‎ ‎(1)either用作“也”时是副词，常用于否定句句尾。 She is not a Japanese, I’m not, either.她不是日本人，我也不是。 My sister doesn’t like this song, either.我妹妹也不喜欢这首歌。‎ ‎(2)too常用于肯定句或疑问句尾，表示“也”。 He likes China, too.他也喜欢中国。 Are you in Grade 3, too? 你也在三年级吗？‎ ‎(3)also也常用于肯定句或疑问句，但一般位于句中。 We are also students.我们也是学生。 He also went there on foot.他也是走着去的。 Did you also want to have a look? 你也想看看吗？ ‎ ‎14. if/ whether ‎ 在下列情况下只能用whether而非if： ‎ ‎(1)与or not连用时，只能用whether.‎ We want to know whether you are ill or not. 我们想知道你是否生病了。‎ Please tell me whether or not you have finished your work.‎ 请告诉我们你是否完成了工作。‎ ‎(2)后接动词不定式时，只能用whether. Adam didn’t know whether to go or stay.亚当不知道是走还是留。 He hasn’t decided whether to have dinner with me.他还没决定是否和我共进晚餐。‎ ‎(3)所引导的宾语从句放在主句之前时，只能用whether. Whether it will rain or snow, we don’t mind. 我们不在乎将要刮风还是下雨。 Whether I won or lost, she didn’t want to know.我是赢是输她不想知道。‎ ‎(4)引导主语从句或表语从句时，一般用whether. The most important was whether they had gone.最重要的是他们是不是已经 走了。 Whether he will go with me is a secret.他是否会和我一起去还是个秘密。‎ if能引导条件状语从句，表示“如果，假如”，而whether没有此用法。 We’ll have a football match if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨，我们 要进行足球赛。 I’ll tell him if I sees him.我看见他就告诉他。 If you’re in danger, please call 110.如果你遇到危险，请拨打110。‎ ‎15. cost/ spend/ pay/ take ‎ ‎(1) cost一般用某物来做主语，表示“（某物）值…、花费…”，既能指花费时间也能指金钱。 The new bike costs me 300 yuan.这辆新自行车花了我三百元。 It will cost you a whole to read through this book.通读这本书将会花费你整整一周时间。‎ cost 还可以用作名词，表示“成本、费用、价格、代价”等。 What’s the cost of this TV set? 这台电视机的成本是多少钱？ They succeeded at the cost of hard work.他们辛苦地工作换来的成功。‎ ‎(2) spend一般用某人来作主语，表示“（某人）花费…，付出…”，也能指时间或金钱，指时间时常与　in搭配，指金钱时常与on或for搭配。‎ We spent two days in repairing this machine.我们花了两天时间修理这台机器。 Mr. Lee spends $20 on books every month.李先生每月花二十美元在书上。‎ ‎(3) pay用作动词时，一般也以某人作主语，但一般指花钱、付款等，很少用来指花费时间。常与for搭配使用。‎ They paid 70 yuan for the tickets.他们花了七十元买票。 He was too poor to pay for his schooling.他穷得交不起学费。‎ pay还可以用作名词，意思为“薪水、工资”等。 It’s hard for me to live with such low pay.我很难靠这么低的薪水生活下去。‎ ‎(4)take也指“花费(时间、金钱)”，但通常用某事、某物做主语，或用形式主语it. How long will the meeting take? 会议要开多久？ It took me several hours to get there. 我花了几个小时才到那儿。‎ ‎16. bad/ badly ‎ 这两个词的意思含有“坏、糟、严重”等意思，且它们有共同的比较级worse和最高级worst 。 ‎ ‎(1) bad是一个形容词，意思是“坏的，糟糕的，差的，严重的”。 I don’t think he is a bad person.我并不认为他是一个坏人。 I had a bad headache.我的头疼得很厉害。‎ ‎(2)badly是一个副词，意思是“不好地，差”，也可以表示程度，意为“严重地，非常，极度”。 We need help badly.我们急需帮助。 His arm was badly hurt.他的胳膊严重受伤了。‎ ‎17. interested/ interesting ‎ ‎(1) interested是指“对…产生兴趣的，对…感兴趣的”，一般用人做主语，后常用介词in. He was interested in biology before.他以前对生物感兴趣。 I’m not interested in art.我对艺术不感兴趣。‎ ‎(2)interesting的意思是“有趣的”，指能够给人带来兴趣的某人或某事物。 ‎ He is an interesting old man.他是个有趣的老头。 The interesting story attracted me.   这个有趣的故事吸引了我。‎ ‎18. dead/ die/ death/ dying ‎ ‎(1) dead是形容词，意思为“死了的、无生命的”，表示状态，可以与一段时间连用。 The tree has been dead for ten years.这棵树死了有十年了。 The rabbits are all dead. 这些兔子都是死的。‎ ‎(2) die是动词，意思为“死、死亡”，是一个瞬间动词，不能与一段时间连用。 My grandpa died two years ago.我爷爷两年前去世了。 The old man died of cancer.老人死于癌症。‎ ‎(3)death是名词，意思为“死亡、去世”等。 ‎ The memorial hall was built one year after his death.他死后一年，纪念馆建成了。 ‎ His death is a great loss to us.他的死是我们的巨大损失。 ‎ ‎(4) dying 是die的现在分词，用作形容词，意思是“垂死的、即将死去的”。 ‎ The doctors have saved the dying man.医生们救活了那个垂死的人。 The poor dog had no food, it was dying.可怜的狗没有食物,快要饿死了。‎ ‎【考点扫描】‎ 中考考点在本单元主要集中在：‎ ‎1. 宾语从句的时态和语序；‎ ‎2. 一般过去时和过去完成时的用法区别；‎ ‎3. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；‎ ‎4. 本单元学习的日常交际用语。‎