河南专用2020版中考英语语法过关专题十二非谓语动词课件人教新目标版 32页

专题十二　非谓语动词 考点一　动词不定式 考点突破 考点二　动名词 考点一　动词不定式 考点突破 一、动词不定式的构成 动词不定式的基本形式:to+动词原形,有时可以不用to。这里的to是动词不定式 符号,本身无词义。动词不定式的否定形式是not(+to)+动词原形。 功能 例句 说明 主语 To speak English is not easy for us. =It is not easy for us to speak English.讲英语对 我们来说不容易。 动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而把动词不定式放在后面 表语 My work is to clean the room every day. =To clean the room every day is my work.我的 工作就是每天打扫这个房间。 多数情况下,动词不定式作表语可转换为作主语 宾语 —What sports does he like to play? ——他喜欢做什么运动? —He likes to play basketball. ——他喜欢打篮球。 只能作某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语 二、动词不定式的句法功能 补语 My mother made me play the piano all the time. 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。 在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役动词或感官动词后,动词不定式省略to(但在被动语态中to不能被省略) 定语 Have you got anything to say? 你有什么要说的吗? 动词不定式作定语,要放在被修饰词的后面 状语 I ' m sorry to trouble you. 我很抱歉给你添麻烦了。(表原因) I went to the library to study English. 我去图书馆学英语了。(表目的) 动词不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子主语 一致 1.动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在后面,其结构为:It +be+ adj .(+for/of sb.)+动词不定式。如: It is useful to learn English well. 学好英语是很有用的。 It ' s important for us to protect the environment. 对我们来说,保护环境很重要。 注意:在kind,good,nice,clever等形容人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。 2.动词不定式作宾语 只能作某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语。如: I would like to see a film this evening. 今晚我想去看电影。 注意:(1)常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有agree(同意), plan(计划), want(想要), learn(学会), expect(期望), decide(决定), wish(希望), pretend(假装), arrange(安 排), promise(承诺), refuse(拒绝), prepare(准备), hope(希望), would like(想要), manage(设法)等。 (2)find,think等后跟动词不定式作宾语时,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放 在后面。如: I find it easy to speak English. 我觉得说英语很容易。 (3)常见的一些后跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语的结构。 why not...,had better(not)...,would rather,could/would you please(not)...。如: I would rather stay in the room. 我宁愿待在房间里。 3.动词不定式作表语 多数情况下不定式作表语可转换为主语。如: His job is to clean the office every day. =To clean the office every day is his job. 他的工作就是每天打扫办公室。 4.动词不定式作宾语补足语 动词不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主动关系。如: Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. 露西叫他把收音机调小点儿声。 tell,ask,want,allow,get,would like,encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。 如: My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 我妈妈鼓励我学日语。 注意:还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用动词不定式作宾补,这时动词不定式要 省略to。这些动词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear,listen to)、三让(let,make,have)、四 看(look at,see,watch,notice),但变为被动语态时,必须加上to。 5.动词不定式作定语 (1)不定式作定语时,应放在被修饰词之后。 (2)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定 式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面需有相应的介词。如: The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. 布朗一家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。 但是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way 时,不定式后面的介词习惯上 省去。如: He had no money and no place to live(in). 他没钱,也没有安居之所。 三、“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法 动词不定式与疑问词连用时可用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语或表语。如: Which book to choose is a problem. 选哪本书是一个问题。(作主语) I haven ' t decided when to start. 我还没有决定何时动身。(作宾语) He taught me how to use it. 他教给我如何使用它。(作宾语补足语) The most important problem is how to deal with this computer. 最重要的问题是如何处理这台电脑。(作表语) 注意:1.“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句。如: I don ' t know how to get there. =I don ' t know how I can get there. 我不知道怎么到那里。 2.按英语习惯,疑问词why后面通常不接不定式。但在以why或why not开头的省 略型疑问句中,其后可跟不带to的不定式。如: You look unhappy. Why not go out for a walk? 你看起来不高兴。为什么不出去散步呢? 考点二　动名词 一、动名词的构成 动名词由“动词原形+-ing”构成,它既具有名词的特性,在句子中可以作主语、 表语、宾语和定语,又保留了动词的性质,可以有自己的宾语和状语。 二、动名词的基本用法 用法 说明 例句 作主语 动名词在句中作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式; 有时可用it作形式主语 Swimming is good for our health. It ' s interesting playing with children. 作宾语 动词enjoy,practice,finish,mind,miss,keep,sug- gest,imagine,consider等后面只能接动名词作宾 语 Her sister practices speaking English every day. 某些固定搭配,如:be interested in,be proud of,be worth,be used to,feel like,give up,think of,take part in等之后也接动名词作宾语 We are proud of being Chinese. We are used to living in this city. 作定语 通常位于名词前 They found another hiding place. 作表语 表示主语具有抽象名词特性 Seeing is believing. 二、动名词的基本用法 注意:1.英语中有一些词或短语后面常跟动名词作宾语。初中阶段常见的有:fin- ish,enjoy,mind,miss,be worth,be busy,practice,feel like,be used to(习惯于),give up, keep on,consider,suggest,can ' t help。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词或短语: 完成练习值得忙(finish,practice,be worth,be busy) 继续习惯别放弃(keep on,be used to,give up) 考虑建议不禁想(consider,suggest,can ' t help,feel like) 喜欢思念和介意(enjoy,miss,mind) 2.下列短语中的to为介词,后面应加动名词作宾语。 make contributions to为 …… 做贡献 devote oneself to... 致力于 …… ,投身于 …… look forward to...期盼 …… prefer A to B比起B来更喜欢A be used to...习惯于 …… 3.need,require,want 后加动名词等于加不定式的被动式。如: The flowers need watering. =The flowers need to be watered. 这些花需要浇了。 三、动词后接不定式与动名词的区别 1.   Stop to think about it for a moment.停下来想一会儿。 Stop talking,please.请停止说话。 2.   Please remember to post my letter.请记得把我的信寄出去。 I remember posting your letter.我记得把你的信寄出去了。 3.   I ' ll never forget hearing this piece of music for the first time. 我将永远不会忘记第一次听到这首曲子的情景。 I forgot to ask him for his address. 我忘了向他要他的地址了。 4.   Please try to do better next time. 下次尽力做得更好些。 He tried speaking to us in English. 他试着用英语和我们谈话。 5.   Go on to do the other exercises after you finish this one. 你做完这道练习题后,接着做其他的。 Go on doing the exercises after a short rest. 短暂的休息之后继续做练习题。 一、单句填空 1.(2019河南)—Do you always get up so early? —Yes,     to     catch the first bus. My home is far away from school. 2.(2019天津)The government is setting up nature parks     to     help protect pandas. 3.(2019江苏南京)—Do you have any plans for the holiday? —Yes, I ' m planning to travel to Jiuzhaigou. I ' m looking forward to     seeing     (see) the colourful lakes and amazing waterfalls. 4.(2019重庆)He took off his expensive watch     to     hide the fact that he was rich. 中考题组 5.(2019广东)Young people are encouraged to work hard     to     achieve their own dreams. 6.(2019黑龙江哈尔滨)Kids like reading stories which can make them     laugh     (laugh). 7.(2019吉林)Michael visits many websites     to     learn about Chinese culture. 8.(2019内蒙古呼和浩特)It is wise     of     Linda to make up her mind     to     learn to play an instrument. 9.(2019江苏苏州)—Please stay with me this weekend. —I ' m sorry, but my father and I planned     to     visit Beijing a long time ago. 10.(2019四川成都)Smart phones     made     (make) by Huawei are getting more and more popular around the world. 11.(2019甘肃兰州)We are supposed     to     share some housework with our par- ents when we have free time. 12.(2019甘肃天水)I saw her     watering     (water) flowers in the garden when I passed by. 13.(2018天津)Harry invited me     to     stay with him when his parents were out of town. 14.(2018上海)Sue practises     playing     (play) the violin hard and often gives wonderful performances. 15.(2018重庆)It was raining. My father asked me     to     take a raincoat. 16.(2018广东)After long years of war, many people in Syria are homeless. I think it important     to     build a peaceful world. 17.(2018江苏苏州)—I ' m Daisy, not Jessie. —Sorry, I have difficulty     remembering     (remember) people ' s names. 18.(2018新疆乌鲁木齐)My bike is broken. I will have it     fixed     (fix) up tomor- row morning. 19.(2018四川成都)I got up early this morning     to     pick up my grandma at the airport. 20.(2017河南)Whenever we kids come over, Auntie Susan just stands there and watches us     to     make sure we don ' t break anything. 二、语篇填空 阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完 整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。 see　dollar　collect　real　box　hope　make　pick　if me I drove to a local supermarket. My shopping list was long, but my wallet was light. I parked my car, looked down at my list and 　1     that I could afford it all. As I walked to the door, I saw a man with kind eyes and a gentle smile. He said he was 　2     for a food bank that helped to feed the hungry people in my area. He gave me a shopping list of things they could use and asked me 　3     I could help. I smiled back, took the list and walked into the store. I 　4     wanted to help, but I wasn ' t sure if I could this time. I 　5     up vegetables, bread, milk and some other things. When I looked down at my full cart(手推车), I wondered again if I had enough to pay. As I put my own list back into my pocket, I 　6     the food bank list under it. I decided to trust 　7     heart. With the food bank in mind, I picked up two of the biggest 　8     of rice and put them in my cart. And when everything was totaled, I had just enough to pay for them all. It takes so little to 　9     our world a better place. A few 　10     can help a hungry child. A smile and hug can help to heal(治愈)a hurting heart. 1.     hoped     　2.     collecting     　3.     if     　4.     really     　5.     picked     6.     saw     　7.     my     　8.     boxes     　9.     make     　10.     dollars     一、单句填空 1.(2019河南郑州一模)—Why did you buy so much chocolate? —     To     support my sister ' s business.She ' s just opened a chocolate shop. 2.(2019河南新乡一模)I was tired out,so I stopped the car     to     have a short rest. 3.(2019河南开封一模)     To     improve your English, read more English books and magazines. 4.(2019河南平顶山一模)How kind Mike is! He always does what he can     to     help others. 模拟题组 5.(2019河南中原名校中考第二次大联考)     To     make the room look larger, they decided to choose a folding dining table. 6.(2019河南百校联盟大联考)Last year, whenever I passed the square in the morn- ing, I saw a large group of middle-aged women     dancing     (dance) there. 7.(2019河南郑州二模)Life is like a story.     To     make your story wonderful, you ' d better improve yourself all the time. 8.(2019河南新乡二模)I find it relaxing and pleasant     to     travel after hard work. 9.(2019河南省实验中学二模)     To     protect teenagers ' eyesight, Henan Province asks teachers not to set homework on mobile apps. 10.(2018河南安阳一模)—Why are you in a hurry, Michael? —     To     catch the early bus. I ' ll be late for class. 11.(2018河南许昌一模)Wang Tao is only an eight-year-old boy, but he has to do all he can     to     make money for his poor family. He really needs our help. 12.(2018河南平顶山一模)The sign   tells us not     to     swim there. 13.(2018河南安阳二模)—Alan, you will have a younger brother or sister in seven months. —That ' s great. I will do everything I can     to     make him or her happy. 14.(2018河南南阳唐河二模)—What did our science teacher say just now? —He asked us     to     pay more attention to     keeping     (keep) the lab clean. 二、语篇填空 (2020河南中考原创) 阅读短文,根据语篇要求填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。 It is necessary to relax ourselves after the exam. 　1     are some kinds of activities for us to take part in. First of all, we can go for 　2     walk along the bank of the river. We can also go to the movies or listen to music. What ' s more, joining a sports club is a good choice, which 　3     keep us healthy. For example, playing football 　4     the afternoon may relax ourselves. Above all, we should arrange(管 理) our time properly 　5     live a regular(规律的) life. I hope all of us can have a wonderful time. 1.     There     　2.     a     　3.     can     　4.     in     　5.     and