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第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9—10]
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
┃
基础精梳理
┃
类别
中考考点助记
词语
联想
1.
名词变复数:
video
→
________
2
.反义词:
careful
→
_____
___
___
,
if
→
________
,
with
→
________
,
accept
→
_____
______________
___
,
glad
→
______
___
__
3
.形容词变副词:
certain
→
_____
___
___
,
normal
→
________
videos
careless
unless
without
refuse/turn down
sad/upset
certainly
normally
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
类别
中考考点助记
词语联想
4
.
(1)
动词变名词:
invite
→
_______
____
_
,
prepare
→
_____
___
___
,
meet
→
______
_____
__
,
understand
→
___
_____
_____
,
advise
→
___
_____
_____
,
open
→
___
__________
_____
,
travel
→
_____
_______
___
(2)
动词变形容词:
surprise
→
___
_______________
_____
5
.不规则动词过去式:
hang
→
________
,
catch
→
________
,
hear
→
________
,
keep
→
________
invitation
preparation
meeting
understanding
advice
opening
traveler
surprised/surprising
hung
caught
heard
kept
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
短语精选
1.________ time
其他时间
2
.
________ down
拒绝
3
.
look ____
________
____
盼望;期待
4
.
________ the end of
在
……
末
5
.
hang________
闲逛;常去某处
6
.
prepare ________
为
……
做准备
7
.
________ after
照顾;照料
another
turn
forward to
at
out
for
look
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
短语精选
8.in ________
分成两半
9
.
invite sb. ________ sth.
邀请某人做某事
10
.
________ the party
在聚会上
11
.
________ mistakes
犯错误
12. keep
…
to ________
保守秘密
13. ________ sb. to do sth.
劝告某人做某事
14. run ________
逃避;逃跑
half
to do
at
make
oneself
advise
away
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
重点句型
1.
“
你星期六下午能来参加我的聚会吗?
”
“
当然,我很愿意。
”
/
“
对不起,我不能。我得为考试做准备。
”
—
Can you ________ ________ ________________ on Saturday afternoon?
—
Sure, I'd love to./Sorry, I can't. I have to ________ ________ an exam.
2
.萨姆要一直待到下周三才走。
Sam__________ ________ ________ next Wednesday.
3
.我期盼着你们的答复。
I ________ ________ ________ ________ from you all.
come
to
my party
study
for
isn't
leaving
until
look
forward
to
hearing
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
重点句型
4
.如果你去参加这个聚会,你将过得很愉快。
________ you go to the party, ________ ________ a great time.
5
.如果我们不和人交谈,我们肯定会感觉更糟糕。
Unless we talk to someone, ________ ________ ________ ________
.
6
.希望你能参加
(
聚会
)!
Hope you can ________ ________
!
语法结构
条件状语从句。
[
详见
P127
,语法专题
13]
If
you'll
have
we'll
certainly
feel
worse
make
it
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
┃
考点巧突破
┃
考点
1 receive/accept
巧辩异同
(1)receive
指“收到,接到”,表示一种被动的行为;而
accept
指“接受”,表示一种主动的行为,并伴随有一种满意或允诺的意味。
He received the present, but he didn't accept it.
他收到了礼物,但没有接受。
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
(2)
两者之后均可接名词或代词作宾语,但不可接不定式。
He asked her to marry him and she accepted.
他向她求婚,她同意了。
(3)
表示“从
……
收到
/
接受
……
”
时,两者之后均可接
from
。
He received/accepted an invitation from his friend.
他收到了
/
接受了朋友的邀请。
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
考点
2 advice/suggestion
词条
词性
“
一条建议
”
动词
advice
不可数名词
a piece of advice
advise
suggestion
可数名词
a suggestion
suggest
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
考点
3 reply/answer
(1)reply
指用口头或书面形式回答,可作不及物动词,
reply to sb./sth.
意为“对
……
作出回答”;也可作及物动词,意为“回答,回答说”。作名词时,意为“回答,答复”,后跟介词
to
。
(2)answer
是最普通的用语,包括口头、书面或行动的回答,可作及物动词和不及物动词。
[
注意
] reply to
+宾语=
answer
+宾语
I asked him but he didn't reply to(
=
answer) me.
我问他了,但他没有答复我。
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
考点
4 other/else
(1)other
主要用于修饰名词,置于名词前面。
I want some other things.
我想要一些其他的东西。
(2)else
只用于修饰两类词:
①修饰不定代词, 如
someone, someplace, anything
等,来指代另外一个,而不特别指明哪一个。
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
②
多用于特殊疑问词后,如
what, who, where
等。
I had nothing else to do.
我没有别的事做。
What else do I need to do?
我还需要做什么?
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
句型点击
考点
1 Can you come to my party?
你能来参加我的聚会吗?
[
点拨
]
“Can you
…
?” 意为“你能
……
吗?”表示客气地请求某人做某事,
could
比
can
语气更委婉。其肯定回答:
Yes./Sure, I'd love to./Of course./Certainly./Yes, I can.
否定回答:
Sorry./Sorry, I can't.
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
考点
2 I have to prepare for an exam.
我得为考试做准备。
[
点拨
]
prepare for sth.
意为“为某事做准备”。
prepare to do sth.
意为“准备做某事”。
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
考点
3 Sam isn't leaving until next Wednesday.
萨姆要一直待到下周三才走。
[
点拨
]
until
用于肯定句时应与延续性动词连用;
not
…
until
…
意为“直到
……
才
……
”
,常与短暂性动词连用。
He didn't go to bed until 12
:
00.
他直到
12
点才上床睡觉。
He worked until 12
:
00 yesterday.
昨天他工作到
12
点。
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
考点
4 I look forward to hearing from you all.
我期盼着你们的答复。
[
点拨
]
look forward to (doing) sth.
意为“盼望
/
期望
/
期待
(
做
)
某事”。
We are looking forward to our holiday.
我们都盼望着假期。
I'm looking forward to seeing you soon.
我盼望早日见到你。
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
考点
5 Hope you can make it!
希望你能参加
(
聚会
)!
[
点拨
]
make it
的常见用法:
(1)
意为“及时赶到”。
We'll make it with a minute or two to spare.
我们能及时赶到,而且还可以早一两分钟。
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
(2)
用来表示规定时间,常与
can, let
等词连用。
—
Shall we meet next week?
下星期我们见面,好吗?
—
Yes. Let's make it next Sunday.
好的,咱们约定下星期日吧。
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
(3)
用来表示达到预定目标,意为“办成,做到;成功”。
Tell him I want to see him tonight at my house if he can make it.
告诉他今晚我要见他,行的话就在我家。
(4)
用来表示“
(
疾病等
)
好转;得救”。
The doctor knew that the patient was unlikely to make it.
医生知道那个病人没什么希望了。
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
(5)
用来表示“预定小吃”。
Make it a cake and a bottle of orange.
来一块蛋糕和一瓶橘汁。
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
考点
6 If you go to the party, you‘ll have a great time.
如果你去参加这个聚会,你将过得很愉快。
Unless we talk to someone
,
we'll certainly feel worse.
如果我们不和人交谈,我们肯定会感觉更糟糕。
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
[
点拨
]
if
引导条件状语从句;
unless
意为“除非; 如果不”,引导否定意义的条件状语从句。
if
和
unless
是一对反义词。
[
注意
]
主句是一般将来时、祈使句或是含有情态动词的一般现在时时,条件状语从句用一般现在时。
Don't touch anything unless the teacher allows you.
没有老师的允许,不要乱动东西。
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
┃
智能双提升┃
基础过关
Ⅰ.
单词拼写
根据首字母及汉语提示,完成下列单词的拼写,使句意明确,语言通顺。
1
.
Brenda spent all day p________(
准备
) the meal.
2
.
Please be c________(
小心的
) when you cross the street.
reparing
areful
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
3
.
Thank you very much for i________(
邀请
) me to your birthday party.
4
.
She always listens to the teachers c________(
仔细地
) in class.
5
.
The fisherman made a fire and h________(
悬挂
) his wet clothes up to dry.
nviting
arefully
ung
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
Ⅱ.
单项填空
1. There are many ________ in your homework. You need to be more careful next time.
A. mistakes B. steps C. wallets D. holes
A
根据“你下次需要更加仔细”可知作业上应该是有许多“错误”。故选
A
。
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
2.
—
I am very ________ to hear that you broke your leg last week.
—
Don't worry about me. I'm feeling better now.
A. sad B. glad C. hungry D. poor
A
根据“you broke your leg last week”可知我应该是感到很“难过”。故选A。
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
3.
—
Would you like to go shopping with me this Sunday?
—
Sorry, I ________ Judy's invitation to her party that day.
A. refused B. accepted C. replied D. prepared
B
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
4.
—
I advise the parents ________ their children alone at home.
—
I agree with you.
A. to leave B. leave
C. not to leave D. left
C
advise sb. to do sth.
表示“建议某人做某事”,其否定形式为
advise sb. not to do sth.
。
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
5. Tom told his mother that he would go to London by ________
.
A. him B. his C. he D. himself
D
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
1
.
[2014
·
菏泽
]
My teacher gave me much ________ on how to study English well when I had some trouble.
A
.
advice B
.
question C
.
suggestion D
.
problem
中考透视
A
考查名词词义辨析。句意:当我
(
学英语
)
有困难时,我的老师给了我许多怎样学好英语的建议。
advice
意为“建议”;
question
意为“问题”;
suggestion
意为“建议”;
problem
意为“问题”。
much
修饰不可数名词,只有
advice
为不可数名词,故选
A
。
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
2
.
[2014
·
襄阳
]
—
Excuse me. Can you tell me what time it is now?
—
Sorry, I ________. My watch doesn't work.
A
.
can't B
.
may not
C
.
mustn't D
.
needn't
A
考查情态动词的用法。根据“
My watch doesn't work.”
可知, 要作否定回答。故选
A
。
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
3
.
[2014
·
兰州
]
We wonder if our teachers ________to our graduating party next weekend. If they ________
,
we'll be very happy.
A
.
will come; will come B
.
come; will come
C
.
will come; come D
.
come; come
C
考查从句的时态。句意:我们想知道我们的老师下周末是否会来我们的毕业聚会。如果他们来, 我们将非常高兴。第一空考查
if
引导的宾语从句, 结合时间状语“
next weekend”
,可判断用一般将来时;第二空考查
if
引导的条件状语从句,主句为一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,故选
C
。
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
4
.
[2014
·
昆明
]
The left
-
behind kids (
留守儿童
)can't see their parents ________ the parents came back from work.
A
.
but B
.
until C
.
of D
.
if
B
考查连词的用法。
not…until
意为“直到
……
才”。
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
5
.
[2014
·
襄阳
]
You can't improve your spoken English ________ you practice it every day from now on.
A
.
as soon as B
.
unless C
.
if D. since
B
考查连词用法。句意:除非从现在起你每天坚持练习,否则你的英语口语不能提高。表示“除非”用
unless
。
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
6
.
[2014
·
扬州
]
—
What do you think of your school, Linda?
—
It's a good place for us to________ ourselves for the future.
A
.
promise B
.
prove C
.
prepare D
.
present
B
考查动词的词义辨析。句意:“琳达,你认为你的学校怎么样?”“它是一个能使我们为将来做好准备的好地方。”
promise
意为“保证,许诺”;
prove
意为“证实,证明”;
prepare
意为“准备”;
present
意为“授予,展现”。
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
7
.
[2014
·
金华
]
My parents ask me to ________ myself when they go out.
A
.
bring up B
.
think of
C
.
agree with D
.
look after
D
考查动词短语的辨析。句意:当我父母外出时,他们要我照顾我自己。
bring up
意为“提出”;
think of
意为“想起”;
agree with
意为“同意”;
look after
意为“照顾”。根据句意可知是“照顾自己”,故选
D
。
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
8
.
[2014
·
白银改编
]
It is certain that nothing can be learned ________ hard work.
A
.
with B
.
by
C
.
for D
.
without
D
考查介词的用法。表示“没有”用介词
without
。句意为“不努力学习,什么东西也学不会是肯定的”。故选
D
。
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
9
.
[2014
·
威海
]
We are leaving tomorrow. We will be away ________ next Friday.
A
.
from B
.
until C
.
on D
.
since
B
考查介词的用法。
from
意为“从
……”
;
until
意为“到
……
为止”;
on
意为“在”;
since
意为“自从;自
……
以来”,常用于现在完成时中。后半句句意:我们将要离开,直到下周五才回来。 故选
B
。
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
10
.
[2014
·
潍坊
]
—
Have you seen the film Coming Home directed by Zhang Yimou?
—
Not yet. I'm ________ seeing it. It's said the film is great!
A
.
looking down on B
.
looking out for
C
.
looking up to D
.
looking forward to
D
第
8
课时 八年级上册
[Units 9
—
10]
句意:“你看张艺谋导演的电影
《
归来
》
了吗?”“还没呢,我正期待着看一看,据说这部电影很棒!”
look down on
意为“看不起, 轻视”;
look out for
意为“搜寻
(
某人或某物
)
,试图得到
(
某物
)”
;
look up to
意为“抬头看
(
某人或某物
)
,尊重,敬仰
(
某人
)”
;
look forward to
意为“期待”。根据句意可知选
D
。
第一部分 语法精讲精练
第三节 代 词
01
中 考 导 航
02
考 点 突 破
03
课 堂 小 测
04
中 考 模 拟 演 练
目录导航
中 考 导 航
考点
广东省卷近五年中考统计
高频考点
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
1.人称代词
★☆☆
2.物主代词
√
√
★★☆
3.反身代词
√
★★☆
考点
广东省卷近五年中考统计
高频考点
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
4.指示代词
√
√
★★☆
5.不定代词
★☆☆
6.疑问代词
☆☆☆
考情分析:从近五年考查情况来看,代词是每年的必考点,每年均考查其中的一个考点,其中物主代词、反身代词、指示代词是高频考点,不定代词是难点,2019年备考时应掌握好代词各个考点。
人称代词
(
★☆☆
)
1
.人称代词的人称、数和格,如下表所示:
数格
人称
单数
复数
主格
宾格
主格
宾格
第一人称
I
me
we
us
数格
人称
单数
复数
主格
宾格
主格
宾格
第二人称
you
you
you
you
第三人称
he
him
they
them
she
her
it
it
2.
人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语,宾格作宾语。动词前面用主格,动词或介词之后用宾格。如:
I
like table tennis.
(
作主语
)
我喜欢打乒乓球。
Do you know
him?
(
作宾语
)
你认识他吗?
3
.人称代词还可作表语,作表语时用宾格。
如:
—Who is knocking at the door?
谁在敲门?
—It
'
s
me
.
是我。
4
.一般情况下,多个人称代词同时出现的顺序是:单数是
you, he and I,
复数是
we, you and they
。
( )
1.
(2010
广东
)My father is ill in bed.I have to look after________at home.
A.he
B
.
his
C
.
him D
.
himself
母题训练
C
( )
2.My English is so poor.Please help________to improve it.
A.me
B
.
I
C
.
my D
.
mine
中考预测
A
1
.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词,如下表所示:
物主代词
(
★★☆
)
(2018
、
2017
年考
)
2.
形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词,可在句中作定语。一般情况下形容词性物主代词后面接名词。
如:
Our
teacher is coming to see us.
我们的老师要来看我们了。
3
.名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词,在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。一般情况下名词性物主代词后面不可接名词。如:
Our school is here and
theirs
is there.
(
作主语
)
我们的学校在这里,他们的在那里。
( )
1.
(2018
广东
)
Boxing Day, the 26th of December, got ________ name from a time when many rich families gave boxes of gifts to poor people who had to work at Christmas.
A.it
'
s B
.
its
C
.
one's D
.
One
( )
2.
(2017
广东
)
Jessica used to be a manager in a company
,
but she gave up ________ job when she became a mother.
A.she B
.
hers
C
.
her D
.
herself
母题训练
B
C
( )
3.
(2011
广东
)
—Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.
—It doesn
'
t matter.You can have ________.
A.we B
.
us
C
.
our D
.
ours
母题训练
D
中考预测
B
( )
4.Some leaders from Africa think it
'
s time for Africa to stand on ________ feet with the help of China.
A
.
it B
.
its
C
.
them D
.
Their
( )
5.—Is this your Apple watch?
—No, it
'
s not ________.It
'
s Lily
'
s.
A
.
my B
.
mine
C
.
your D
.
yours
B
( )
6.Mary and Gina are my cousins.________father works in Dongfeng Company.
A
.
Their B
.
They
C
.
Them D
.
Theirs
中考预测
A
英语中用来表示
“
我自己
”
,
“
你自己
”
,
“
他自己
”
,
“
我们自己
”
,
“
你们自己
”
,
“
他们自己
”
等意义的代词称为反身代词,也有人称之为自身代名词,
其形式如下表所示:
反身代词
(
★★☆
)
人称数
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
myself
yourself
himself, herself, itself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
1.
反身代词可以在句中作宾语、表语和同位语。
(2013
年考
)
(1)
作宾语,表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者,主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。如:
He called
himself
a writer.
他称自己为作家。
(2)
作表语。如:
The girl in the story is actually
herself
.
故事里的那个女孩其实就是她自己。
(3)
作主语或宾语的同位语,表示亲自或本人。
如:
You should ask the teacher
himself
.
(
作宾语同位语
)
你应该问老师他自己。
2
.反身代词必须要与被指代人在人称和数上保持一致,意为
“
某人自己
”
。
(2015
年考
)
如:
You
can do all the homework by
yourself
.
你可以自己做所有的家庭作业。
3
.反身代词在实际运用中,可构成很多固定词组。如:
teach oneself
=
learn by oneself
自学
enjoy oneself
玩得高兴
help oneself to
随便吃
come to oneself
苏醒过来
lose oneself
迷路
dress oneself
自己穿衣服
巧学妙记
反身代词莫乱用,能作句中宾
(
宾语
)
、表
(
表语
)
、同
(
同位语
)
,主语、定语不能用,固定搭配要记清。
( )
1.
(2015
广东
)
—Look at this model ship.I made it all by ________ last week.
—Wow, you are so smart!
A.me B
.
my C
.
mine D
.
myself
母题训练
D
( )
2.
(2013
广东
)Boys
,
don
'
t lose ________in playing
Angry
Birds
.It is bad for your eyes to play computer games for a long time.
A.himself B
.
yourself
C
.
themselves D
.
yourselves
母题训练
D
中考预测
B
( )
3.She can
'
t seem to help ________.And no one can help her
,
either.
A.her B
.
herself
C
.
him D
.
himself
( )
4.I guess Peter and his sister Sally enjoyed________ at the dancing party.
A.myself B
.
himself C
.
herself D
.
themselves
D
1
.
指示代词包括:
this, that, these, those(2014
年考
)
(1)this
和
these
一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人,
that
和
those
则指时间或空间上较远的事物或人。如:
This
is a pen and
that
is a pencil.
这是一支钢笔,那是一支铅笔。
指示代词
(
★★☆
)
We are busy
these
days.
这些天我们很忙。
(2)
有时
that
和
those
指前面讲到过的事物,
this
和
these
则是指下面将要讲到的事物。如:
I had a cold.
That
'
s why I didn
'
t come.
我感冒了,这就是我没有来的原因。
What I want to say is
this:
_
pronunciation is very important in learning English.
我想说的是:学英语时发音非常重要。
(3)
有时为了避免重复提到的名词,常可用
that
或
those
代替。如:
TV sets made in Beijing are just as good as
those
made in Shanghai.
在北京生产的电视机和那些在上海生产的一样好。
巧学妙记
this
,
these
靠近我,
that
,
those
离我远。
this
,
that
指单数,
these
,
those
不指单。
都可用
the
来代替,劝君务必记心间。
(4)this
在电话用语中代表自己,
that
则代表对方。如:
Hello!
This
is Mary.Is
that
_
Jack speaking?
你好!我是玛丽,你是杰克吗?
2
.
it, one, that
作代词的区别
(2016
年考
)
(1)it
指上文提到过的事物。如:
The book is mine.
It
is very interesting.
这本书是我的。它非常有趣。
(2)one
泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个。如:
Your bike is very beautiful.I also want to buy
one
.
你的自行车很漂亮。我也想买一辆。
(3)that
常用于比较结构中,代替前面提到的不可数名词或可数名词单数,如指代可数名词复数要用
those
,为了避免重复。如:
The weather in Beijing is much colder than
that
in Zhanjiang.
北京的天气比湛江冷多了。
The flowers on the left are more beautiful than
those
on the right.
左边的花比右侧的更美丽。
母题训练
B
( )
1.
(2016
广东
)
—I
'
m a little hungry, Daddy.
—See the cupcakes on the plate, but you can only take________.Dinner is ready soon.
A
.
it B
.
one
C
.
this D
.
that
( )
2.
(2014
广东
)
—Hello, Linda speaking.Who
'
s________
?
—Hello, this is Martin.
A.he B
.
one
C
.
that D
.
this
C
( )
3.He has a bad cold and ________ is why he didn
'
t come.
A.it B
.
this
C
.
that D
.
there
( )
4.The weather in summer in Beijing is cooler than ________ in Shanghai.
A.this B
.
it
C
.
that D
.
one
中考预测
C
C
1
.常见的不定代词有:
some, any, one, each, every, no, none, all, both, either, neither, many, much, a few, a little, other, another, the other
等。
不定代词
(★☆☆)
2
.形容词修饰
something, anything, nothing, somebody, anybody, nobody, everything, everyone, everybody
等不定代词时,形容词放在不定代词的后面。如:
something important
重要的东西;
nothing interesting
没有有趣的东西。
3
.易混不定代词辨析。
(1)some, any
some, any
都意为
“
一些
”
,既可以修饰或代替可数名词复数,也可以修饰或代替不可数名词。
some
常用在肯定句中;
any
多用于否定句、疑问句及条件句中。
练习:
①
I have ________ tea here.
②
I can
'
t see ________ tea.
some
any
(2)many, much
many, much
都表示
“
许多
”
的意思,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,在肯定句中多用
a lot of, lots of
等。
many
修饰或代替可数名词的复数,其反义词是
few
;而
much
修饰或代替不可数名词,其反义词是
little
。
练习:
①
I didn
'
t know ________ English people who could speak Chinese.
②
Is there ________ water in the bottle?
many
much
(3)few, a few
,
little, a little
few, a few
用来修饰或代替复数可数名词;
little, a little
用来修饰或代替不可数名词;
few, little
表示否定,意为
“
很少、几乎没有
”
;
a few, a little
表示肯定,意为
“
一些、少许
”
。
练习:
①
He is now out of work and can earn ________ money.
②
I
'
m from England, but I can speak ________ French.
little
a little
③
________ students in this school can speak Japanese.They speak Korean.
④
There are still ________ students in the classroom.
(4)another, other, others, the other, the others
①
another
泛指三者或三者以上中的任何一个,表示
“
又一
(
个
)
,又一些;另外的
(
人、物
)
,别的
(
人、物
)
”
,既可用作形容词又可用作代词。
Few
a few
②
other
表示
“
另外的
”
,常与复数名词或不可数名词连用;前面有
the, this, that, some, any, each, every, no, one, my, your, his
等,则可与单数名词连用。
③
others
泛指别的人或物
(
但不是全部
)
,是
other
的复数形式,不能作定语,
some
…
others
表示
“
一些
……
另一些
……”
。
④
the other
表示
“
两者中的另一个
”
,
one
…
the other
…
意为
“
(
两者中的
)
一个
……
另一个
……”
。
the other
修饰单数名词时意为
“
(
两者中
)
另一个
”
, 修饰复数名词时意为
“
(
两部分中
)
剩下的,其余的
”
。
⑤
the others
=
the other
+名词复数,指
“
剩下的人
(
或物
)
,其余的人
(
或物
)
”
。
练习:
①
We need ________ four people.
②
________ people may think like that.
③
Some of the questions are hard; ________ are easy.
④
He has two sons.One is thin and _________ is fat.
⑤
There are 50 students in my class.30 are boys, and
_________ are girls.
another
Other
others
the other
the others
(5)none, no one
none
表示三者或三者以上全部否定,意为
“
全都不
”
。
none
既可指人又可指物,通常后接
of
短语。
none
用作主语时,谓语动词用单复数均可。
none
常用来回答
how many/much
的提问。
no one
表示三者或三者以上全部否定,与
nobody
同义,只用来指人,其后一般不跟
of
短语。
no one
常用来回答
who
的提问。
练习:
①
________ of us want(s) to go, but we have to.
②
Everyone is here
;
________ is away.
(6)every, each
every
用来指三者或三者以上,侧重整体而不指个别,它不能单独作主语或宾语,只有与名词连用或构成复合词时,才能作主语和宾语。
every
常可用于某些固定搭配中。
None
no one
each
则用来指两者或两者以上,侧重于个别情况,可作主语、宾语、定语或同位语。作主语时,后接谓语的单数形式,但
each
作主语同位语时,谓语动词与主语一致。
练习:
①
He knew by heart ________ word in her letter.
②
He gave an apple to ________.
every
each
(7)all, both
all
指三者以上,或不可数的东西。
all
作主语时,谓语动词既可以用单数,也可以用复数。
both
作代词,其用法为:
①
与其他名词或代词并列出现,表示
“
两个都
”
。
②
与
“
of
+代词
(
或名词
)
”
连用,表示
“
两者都
”
。
练习:
①
________ of us like Mr.Pope.
②
Lucy and Lily ________ agree with us.
All
both
(8)neither, either
neither
表示
“
两者都不
……”
,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
either
表示
“
两个中的任何一个
”
,可修饰或代替单数可数名词。作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
练习:
①
________ of the knives is useful.
②
________ of them was in good health, but both worked very hard.
Either
Neither
( )
1.
(2012
广东
)—Which basketball player do you like best, Kobe, James or Jordan?
—________ of them.Lin Shuhao is my favorite.
A.All B
.
None
C
.
Either D
.
Neither
母题训练
B
( )
2.
(2009
广东
)—We have five kinds of schoolbags.Do you like this one?
—No.Can you show me________
?
A.another B
.
each other
C
.
the other D
.
others
母题训练
A
( )
3.—We have red and yellow Tshirts.Which color do you like?
—I
'
m afraid________.I think blue will be OK.
A.both B
.
either
C
.
neither D
.
none
( )
4.—Could we see each other at 9 o
'
clock tomorrow morning?
—Sorry, let
'
s make it________ time.
A.other
'
s B
.
the other
C
.
another D
.
other
中考预测
C
C
疑问代词有
who, whom, whose, what
和
which
等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中,一般都放在句首,并在句子中作为某一句子成分。如:
Who
is going to come here tomorrow
?
(
作主语
)
明天谁会来这里?
What
is that?
(
作表语
)
那是什么?
疑问代词
(
☆☆☆
)
( )
1.—________ is Jeremy Lin?
—He is a famous Harvardeducated, AsianAmerican NBA basketball player.
A.Where B
.
What
C
.
Why D
.
How old
母题训练
B
( )
2.—________ is your father?
—A bank clerk.He works in a bank near my home.
A.Where B
.
How
C
.
What D
.
Which
中考预测
C
课 堂 小 测
1
~
5 BDBBD
6
~
10 CDDBB
11
~
15 CDCAA
中考模拟演练
1
~
5 CABAB
6
~
10 ACCDD
11
~
15 CBDDB
16
~
20 ADDCC
21
~
25 DBADC
26
~
30 ACDAA
31
~
35 BBCAC
第一部分 语法精讲精练
第十四节 定语从句
01
中 考 导 航
02
考 点 突 破
03
课 堂 小 测
04
中 考 模 拟 演 练
目录导航
中 考 导 航
考点
广东省卷近五年中考统计
高频考点
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
定语从句
√
√
√
√
★★★
考情分析:从近五年考查情况来看,2018年题量减少后往年常考的三大从句只考查了宾语从句,2018年并未考查定语从句。2019年备考时应掌握好定语从句引导词(关系词)的选用。
考 点 突 破
定语从句是在主从复合句中修饰某个名词或代词的句子,它在句中作定语。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,连接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词
(
也叫关系词
)
。如:
The
_
boys
who
are playing football are from Class One.
那群踢足球的男孩都是一班的。
(
先行词
)(
引导词
)
(
从句
)
1
.
定语从句的引导词
(
关系词
)
常见的关系代词有:
指代对象
代指人
代指物
既可指人也可指物
主格
who, that
which, that
that
宾格
whom, that
所有格
whose
常见的关系副词有:
指代对象
先行词
关系副词及相应的介词结构
时间
day, year, date, time
when, during, which time
地点
the place, the city
where, in which, from which
原因
the reason
why, that, for which
2.
引导词
(
关系词
)
的用法
(1)
由
that
引导的定语从句
(2016
、
2014
、
2011
年考
)
一般情况下
that
可指人或物,可以代替
who
,
whom
和
which
,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能作介词的宾语。如:
The man
that (who)
is speaking at the meeting is a foreigner.
正在会上发言的那个男人是个外国人。
Is this the nurse
that (whom)
you talked about yesterday
?
这就是你们昨天谈论的那位护士吗?
The present
that (which)
I received yesterday was from my father.
昨天我收到的礼物是我父亲寄来的。
(2)
由
who
,
whom
和
whose
引导的定语从句
(2017
、
2013
年考
)
who
在从句中作主语,
whom
在从句中作宾语,
whose
在从句中作定语。如:
This is the thief
who
stole my car.
这就是偷我车的那个贼。
He is the boy
whom
you wanted to find.
他就是你想要找的那个男孩。
The girl
whose
mother is a nurse is waiting for you outside.
妈妈是个护士的那个女孩在外面等你。
(3)
由
which
引导的定语从句
(2015
、
2012
年考
)
which
指物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语。如:
The book
which
Mum bought me last week is called
The
Old
Man
and
the
Sea
.
妈妈上周买给我的那本书名叫《老人与海》。
The house
which
Lu Xun once lived in is now the Lu Xun Museum.
鲁迅曾经住过的那所房子现在是鲁迅博物馆。
3
.
引导词
(
关系词
)
的特殊用法
(1)
下列情况只能用
that(
不能用
which)
来指代物:
①
先行词为
all, much, little, something, anything, everything, nothing
等不定代词时。如:
I will do
everything that
I can do to help you.
我将做我能做的一切事情来帮助你。
②
先行词是最高级或者被形容词的最高级修饰时。如:
This is
the most important task that
should be finished soon.
这是必须马上完成的最重要的任务。
③
先行词为数词或被序数词修饰时。如:
You are
the first men that
like this kind of books.
你们是第一批喜欢这种书的人。
④
先行词中既有人又有物时。如:
We were deeply impressed by
the teachers and schools that
we had visited.
我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下了很深的印象。
⑤
当先行词前有
the one, the only, the last, the very, any, few, little, no, all
等词修饰时,引导词只能用
that
。
如:
He is the
only person that
knows the truth.
他是唯一知道真相的人。
⑥
当主句中已经含有疑问词
who
或者
which
时,只用
that
。如:
He built a factory
which
produced things
that
I had never seen before.
他建造了一个工厂,生产的东西是我之前从未见过的。
(2)
下列情况只能用
who
来指代人:
①
先行词是
one, ones, anyone
时,适宜用
who
。如:
One who
has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth.
一个无所畏惧的人敢于说实话。
Don
'
t tell
anyone
about the news
who
shouldn
'
t be told.
别告诉不该告诉的人任何消息。
②
当
those
作先行词指人时,引导词只能用
who
。
如:
Those who
respect others are often respected by others.
尊敬别人的人也常常受人尊敬。
③
当先行词有较长的后置定语时,宜用
who
。如:
I met a foreigner
in the street who
could speak Chinese well.
我在街上遇到一位可以把中文说得很好的外国人。
④
有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已经使用了
that
,另一个宜用
who
。如:
The boy
that
you met last night is her boyfriend
who
can make kites.
你昨晚遇到的那个男孩是她的男朋友,他会制作风筝。
⑤
在
there be
开头的句子中用
who
。如:
There is
an old man
who
wants to see you.
有一个老人想见你。
⑥
当主语是
I, he, you, they
等时,常用于谚语、格言中,只能用
who
。如:
He who
plays with fire gets burned.
玩火者自焚。
(
)
1
.
(
2017广东)According to a survey, people________are able to speak two languages can manage two things at the same time
more
easily
.
A
.
which
B
.
whom
C
.
whose
D
.
who
母题训练
D
(
)
2
.
(
2016广东)Great changes have taken place in our city in the past
ten
years
.
Everything
________comes into sight is so new
to
me
.
A
.
that
B
.
which
C
.
who
D
.
whom
母题训练
A
(
)
3
.
(
2015广东)Running Man is a very relaxing TV program ________ is hot among the
young
people
.
A
.
what
B
.
which C
.
who
D
.
whom
(
)
4
.
(
2014广东)When Robinson Crusoe got to the island, the first thing ________ he did was to look for
some
food
.
A
.
who
B
.
that C
.
which
D
.
whom
母题训练
B
B
(
)
5
.
(
2013广东)The young lady ________ is
interviewing Lin Zhixuan about the program I am a singer is from 21st Century
Talent
Net
.
A
.
who
B
.
whom
C
.
which
D
.
whose
母题训练
A
(
)
6
.
Theaters
may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience________people cannot get
at
home
.
A
.
that
B
.
who
C
.
whom
D
.
what
(
)
7
.
To
be a better man is the best soap opera ________ I have
ever
seen
.
A
.
that
B
.
where C
.
who
D
.
why
中考预测
A
A
(
)
8
.
I
will never forget the day________ we spent in the old town with
small
houses
.
A
.
who
B
.
whom C
.
that
D
.
what
(
)
9
.
We
all like the story about the teacher________ happened in our school
last
week
.
A
.
which
B
.
who C
.
whom
D
.
what
中考预测
C
A
(
)
10
.
Piano
is a word________ was originally borrowed
from
Italian
.
A
.
where
B
.
who
C
.
which
D
.
whose
中考预测
C
课 堂 小 测
1~5 BDBAB
6~10 BCACC
11~15 BABBC
中考模拟演练
1~5 ACCCD 6~10 ACABC
11~15 BABDD 16~20 AABAB
21~25 CBABB 26~30 DABAD