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小学英语语法及习题
一、名词复数规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:
book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:
bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:
family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:
knife-knives
5.不规则名词复数:
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, child-children,
policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice ,foot-feet, tooth-teeth,fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
写出下列各词的复数
I _________him _________this ___________her ______sand_____
watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______day_____ foot________ book_______ dress ________tooth_______ man_____sheep ______box_______ thief _______ peach______ wich ______ woman_______ paper_______ juice___________ water_______milk________ rice__________ tea__________ strawberry ________
二、一般现在时
(一)一般现在时基本用法介绍
1、表示事物或人物的特征、状态。
如:The sky is blue. 天空是蓝色的。
2、表示经常性或习惯性的动作。
如:I get up at six every day. 我每天六点起床。
3、表示客观现实。
如:The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
(二)一般现在时的构成
1、 be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。
如:I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。
2、行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。
如:We study English. 我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
(三)一般现在时的变化
1、 be动词的变化。
否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。
如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。
如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。
如:Where is my bike?
2、行为动词的变化。
否定句:主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。
如:I don't like bread.
当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。
如:He doesn't often play.
一般疑问句:Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。
如: Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。
如:Does she go to work by bike? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
4 、特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。
如:How does your father go to work?
5、动词+s的变化规则
(1)一般情况下,直接加-s,
如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
(2)以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,
如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,
如:study-studies
(四)一般现在时用法专练:
1、写出下列动词的第三人称单数
drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________
look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry _______
come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________
study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______
drink______start_______
2、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.
3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?
6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?
8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.
10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.
11. Mike _______(like) cooking.
12. They _______(have) the same hobby.
13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.
14. You always _______(do) your homework well.
15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.
16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.
17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.
18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.
19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.
20. What day _______(be) it today? - It’s Saturday.
3、改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上)
1. Is your brother speak English? __________________
2. Does he likes going fishing? __________________
3. He likes play games after class. __________________
4. Mr. Wu teach us English. _____________________
5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _________________
三、现在进行时
(一)现在进行时基本用法介绍
1、现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
2、现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为
be+动词ing. 如: I am watching TV.
3、现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。
如: I am not watching TV.
4、现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。
如: Are you watching TV ?
5.现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为:
疑问词 + be + 主语 + 动词ing? What are you doing?
但疑问词当主语时其结构为:
疑问词 + be + 动词ing? 如: Who is singing there?
(二)动词加ing的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking
2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,
如:make-making, taste-tasting
3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:
停止 stop-stopping 游泳swim— swimming 坐下sit— sitting
逐渐变成get— getting 跑run— running 放下Put--- putting
(三)现在进行时专项练习:
1、写出下列动词的现在分词:
play________ run__________ swim _________make __________go_________ like________ write________ ski___________
read________ have_________ sing ________ dance _________
put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________
live_______ take_________ come ________ get _________
stop_________ sit ________
2、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:
1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .
3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .
6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.
7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .
8.What is our granddaughter doing? She ________(listen ) to music. 9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now
10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .
四、将来时
一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
句中一般有以下时间状语:
tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。
二、基本结构:①be going to + 动词原形;
②will + 动词原形.
三、否定句:在be动词(am, is, are)后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。
如:I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→
I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.
四、一般疑问句: be或will提到句首,some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换。
如:We are going to go on an outing this weekend. →
Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?
五、同义句:be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow.
= I will go swimming tomorrow.
练习:1、填空。
1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.
I ________ have a picnic with my friends.
2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。
What ______ _______ _______________ _________next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.
What ________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball.
3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。
_____ your mother _______ ________go shopping this _________? Yes, she ________. She ______ _______________ buy some fruit.4. 你们打算什么时候见面。
What time _______ you _________ __________ meet?
2、改句子
5. Nancy is going to go camping.(改否定)
Nancy ________ going to go camping.
6. I’ll go and join them.(改否定)
I _______ go ______ join them.
7. I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.(改一般疑问句)
________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?
8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.(改一般疑问句)
_______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.
9. She is going to listen to music after school.(对划线部分提问)
________ _______ she _______ ________ ________ after school?
10. My father and mother are going to see a play tomorrow.(同上)
________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow ?
五、一般过去时
1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。(yesterday, last year/week.)
2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:
⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t)
⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t)
⑶带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。
3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子
否定句:didn’t +动词原形,
如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday.
一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。
如:Did Jim go home yesterday?
特殊疑问句:
⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?
如: What did Jim do yesterday?
⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?
如:Who went to home yesterday?
动词过去式变化规则:
1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted
3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i, 再加-ed,如:study-studied
5. 不规则动词的变化:
am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got,
go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran,
sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew,
drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept,
swim-swam, sit-sat
练习:写出下列动词的过去式
isam_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________
drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________
does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____
taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______
throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________
Be动词的过去时练习
1、用be动词的适当形式填空。
1. I ______ an English teacher now.
2. She _______ happy yesterday.
3. They _______ glad to see each other last month.
4. Helen and Nancy ________ good friends.
5. The little dog _____ two years old this year.
6. Look, there ________ lots of grapes here.
7. There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday.
2、用动词的适当形式填空。
1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.
2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.
3. We ________ to the zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park,too. (go)
4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?
5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.
6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.
7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday.
8. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning? She ____(find) a beautiful butterfly.
3、句型转换。
1. There was a car in front of the house just now.
否定句:______________________________________________
一般疑问句:__________________________________________
肯、否定回答:______________________ ___________________
2. They played football in the playground.
否定句:______________________________________________
一般疑问句:__________________________________________
肯、否定回答:_____________________ ___________________
六、人称代词及对应的形容词性物主代词。
人称代词: I我 we我们 you你 you你们 he他 she她 it它 they他们
物主代词:my我的 our我们的 your你的 your你们的 his他的 her她的 its它的 their他们的
宾格:me我 us我们 you你 you你 him他 her她 it它 them他们
主格: I we you she he it they
宾格: me us you her him it them
形容词性物主代词: my our your her his its their
名词性物主代词: mine ours yours hers his its theirs
1、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.That is not _________ kite. (my)
2. Is this _________ watch? (you) No, it’s not _________ . ( I )
3. _________ is my brother. _________ name is Jack. Look! ( he )
4. ____ is my aunt. Do you know _____job? _____ is a nurse. ( she )
5. Where are ____? I can’t find ____. Let’s call ____parents. ( they )
七、形容词和副词的比较级
形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。
比较级前面可以用more, a little 来修饰表示程度。
than后的人称代词用主格
(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er 如: tall---taller, strong---stronger,
(2) 双写最后一个字母,再+er如: big---bigger, fat--- fatter,
(3) 把y变i,再+er 如: heavy---heavier, early---earlier
(4) 不规则变化:如: well--better, much/many-more,
1、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级
old__________ young________ tall_______ long________
short________ strong________ big________ small_______
fat_________ thin__________ heavy______ light_____
nice_________ good_________ beautiful__________________
low__________ high______ slow_______ fast________
late__________ early_________ far_________ well_______
2、根据句意填入单词的正确形式:
1. My brother is two years __________(old)than me.
2. Is your sister __________(young) than you? Yes,she is.
3. Who is ___________(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.
4. Whose pencil-box is __________(big),yours or hers? Hers is.
5. Ben jumps ________ (high) than some of the boys in his class.
6. Does Nancy sing __________ (well) than Helen? Yes, she ____. 7.My eyes are __________(big) than hers.
八、缩略形式
I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is
don’t=do not doesn’t=does not it’s = it is
who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not we’ll=we will
九、情态动词can引导的句型
表示有能力做某事,can后面的动词要用原形。如:
1. What can you do? I can sweep the floor. I can cook the meals. 2. I can water the flowers.
3. Can you make the bed? No, I can’t.
4. Can you use a computer? Yes, I can.
5.How can I get to Zhongshan Park? You can go by the No. 15 bus.
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