小升初英语语法知识点总结 13页

小升初英语语法知识点总结 有空的时候，就把这些知识拿出来看看，读一读，背一背，这些都是语法知识点，大部分你需要的都在这，当然要学以致用，举一反三才行。不能换个单词，或者场景，语法就不知道怎么用了。加油哦！！！‎ ‎1现在进行时 表示正在发生的事情或进行的动作，常与now,listen,look等词连用，结构是主语+be动词(am, is, are)+动词ing.‎ 如：It is raining now.‎ 外面正在下雨 It is six o’clock now.‎ 现在6点了 My parents are reading newspapers in the sitting room.‎ 我父母正在客厅看报纸 Look! The children are having a running race now.‎ 看！孩子们正在赛跑 问句将be动词移前，否定句在be动词后+not.‎ ‎2一般现在时 表示经常反复发生的事情或动作，常与often, usually, sometimes, always, every day(week year…) on Sundays等词连用。‎ 结构是主语+动词原形；当主语为第三人称单数即he,she, it, Tom, my mother, the boy等词时，动词后加s或es.‎ 如：We have an English lesson every day.‎ 我们每天都要上英语课 Do the boys run faster than the girls? Yes, they do.‎ 男孩比女孩跑的快吗？是的 问句借助于do, does否定句借助于don’t, doesn’t，后面动词一定要还原。‎ ‎3一般过去时 表示发生在过去的事情或存在的状态，常与just now; a moment ago; … ago; yesterday; last ( week; month; year; Monday; weekend); this morning等词连用。‎ 结构是主语+be动词的过去式（was; were）或主语+动词的过去式。‎ 注意：be动词与动词过去式不可同时使用。‎ 如：My earphones were on the ground just now.‎ 我的耳机刚刚还在呢。‎ Where were you last week? I was at a camp.‎ 你上个星期去哪了？我去野营了 What did you do yesterday? I visited a farm 你昨天去干嘛了？我去参观农场了。‎ 问句有be动词将be动词移前，没有be动词借助于did，后面动词还原；‎ 否定句有be动词在后面加not，没有借助于didn't后面动词还原。‎ ‎4一般将来时 表示将要打算发生的事情或动作，常与tomorrow, next week(year; Tuesday…), this week( weekend ;evening; afternoon;…)today等词连用。结构是主语+be(am, is, are) going to + 动原或主语+will +动原。‎ 如：What are you going to do tomorrow? I am going to have a picnic.‎ 你明天要去干嘛？我要去野餐。‎ The childre are going to have a sports meeting next week.‎ 孩子们下个星期将参加运动会。‎ Tom will/is going to see a play with his father this evening.‎ Tom今晚将和父母去看演出。‎ 问句将be动词或will移前；否定句在be动词或will后加not.‎ ‎5情态动词 can; can’t; should; shouldn’t; must; may后一定加动词原形。‎ 如：The girl can’t swim, but she can skate.‎ 女孩不会游泳，但是会滑冰 Don’t talk in class, you should listen to the teacher carefully.‎ 不要再课上说话，你应该认真听老师讲。‎ ‎6祈使句 肯定祈使句以动词原形开头；否定祈使句以don’t加动词原形开头。‎ 如：Open the box for me ,please.‎ 请为我打开盒子。‎ Liu Tao! Please get up earlier tomorrow.‎ 刘涛，明天请早点起床！‎ Don’t walk on the grass!‎ 不要在草地上走！‎ Helen! Don’t climb the tree,please.‎ 海伦！不要爬树。‎ ‎7go的用法 去干嘛用go +动词ing 如: go swimming; go fishing;‎ go skating;‎ go camping;‎ go running;‎ go skiing;‎ go rowing…‎ ‎8比较 than 前用比较级；as…as之间用原级。‎ 如：My mother is two years younger than my father.‎ 我妈比我爸年轻两岁。‎ Liu Tao jumps as far as Ben.‎ 刘涛跳得和本一样远。‎ ‎9喜欢做某事 用like +动词ing或like+ to + 动原。‎ 如： Su Yang likes growing flowers.‎ 苏阳喜欢种花。‎ The children like to play with lanterns at Spring Festival.‎ 孩子们喜欢在春节去玩花灯。‎ ‎10想要做某事 用 would like +to+动原或want + to +动原。‎ 例：I’d like to visit the History Museum.=I want to visit the History Museum ‎11some 用于肯定句中，在否定句和问句中改为any,但当表示委婉语气时仍用 如：Can I have some writing paper? Would you like some orange juice?‎ ‎12代词 人称代词主格做主语用一般放在句首或动词前，主格分别是 I you he she it we you they。‎ 宾格做宾语用，一般放在动词或介词后 如：Open them for me. Let us …, join me等。‎ 宾格分别是me you him her it us you them。‎ 形容词性物主代词放在名词前，不能单独使用，分别是my your his her its our your their 名词性物主代词相当于形物加名词，它只能单独使用后面不好加名词，分别是mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs。‎ ‎13介词 介词后要么不加动词，加动词只能加动词ing形式 如：be good at running;‎ do well in jumping;‎ ‎14时间介词 季节前，月份前用介词in 如：in summer；in March 具体的哪一天如星期几，几月几日用介词on 如：on Saturday; on the second of April; on Wednesday morning 在几点钟前用介词at 如： at a quarter to four;‎ 只在上下午晚上用in 如：in the morning/ afternoon/ evening;‎ 但在夜间用at night。‎ 另：季节，月份和星期前不好加the.‎ ‎15名词复数构成的方法 有规则的有：‎ ‎(1)直接在名词后加s 如orange—oranges; photo—photos;‎ ‎(2) 以x, s, sh, ch 结尾的加es 如：box—boxes; glass—glasses; waitress—waitresses; watch—watches;peach--peaches ‎(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es 如：study—studies；library—libraries; hobby—hobbies; family—families;‎ ‎(4)以f, fe结尾的改f, fe 为v＋es如：knife—knives; thief—thieves（注:以o结尾的我们学过的只有mango加es, mango—mangoes其余加s,）‎ 不规则的有：‎ man—men; woman—women; people—people; child—children ‎16动词第三人称单数的构成 ‎(1)直接在动词后加s 如：run—runs; dance—dances ‎(2)以s,sh,ch,o结尾的加es 如：do—does;go—goes;wash—washes;catch—catches ‎(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es 如：study—studies; carry—carries;‎ ‎17现在分词的构成 ‎(1)直接在动词后加ing 如：sing—singing; ski—skiing;‎ ‎(2)双写词尾加ing 如：swim—swimming; jog—jogging;run—running;‎ ‎(3)以不发音的e结尾的去e加ing 如：ride—riding; dance—dancing; make—making;‎ ‎18规则动词过去式的构成 ‎(1)直接在动词后加ed 如：clean—cleaned; milk—milked; play—played;‎ ‎(2)以e结尾的直接加d 如：dance—danced; taste—tasted;‎ ‎(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加ed 如：study—studied;carry—carried;‎ ‎(4)双写词尾加ed 如：stop—stopped; jog—jogged;‎ 不规则的有：am,is—was; are—were; do,does—did; have,has—had; go—went; meet—met; sit—sat; see—saw; get—got; tell—told; run—ran; come—came; steal—stole; read—read;‎ ‎19形容词副词比较级的构成 规则的：‎ ‎(1)直接在形容词或副词后加er 如；small—smaller; low—lower;‎ ‎(2)以e结尾的加r 如：late—larer;‎ ‎(3)双写词尾加er 如：big—bigger; thin—thinner; fat—fatter;‎ ‎(4) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加er 如：heavy—heavier; early—earlier;‎ 不规则的有：‎ good, well—better(最高级为best); many, much--- more(最高级为most); far---farther;‎ ‎20rain与snow的用法 ‎(1)作为名词意思是雨水和雪是不可数名词 如：There is a lot of rain there in spring. 那儿的春天有很多雨水。‎ ‎(2) 作为动词意思是下雨和下雪，有四种形式分别是：‎ 动词原形rain， snow；‎ 第三人称单数rains ，snows；‎ 现在分词raining； snowing 过去式rained； snowed;‎ 如：①Look! It is raining now. 瞧！天正在下雨。‎ ‎②It often rains in Nantong in summer.南通夏天经常下雨。‎ ‎③ It rained yesterday.昨天下了雨。‎ ‎④It is going to rain tomorrow. 明天要下雨。‎ ‎(3)形容词为rainy 和snowy 意思是有雨的和有雪的 如：It is often rainy here in spring.这儿的春天经常是有雨的。‎ If it is rainy tomorrow, I’ll stay at home.如果明天是有雨的，我将呆在家里。‎ ‎21比较级 注意只有同类事物才可进行比较。‎ 如：My eyes are bigger than hers.Your school bag is heavier than mine. My computer is nicer than Nancy’s. My brother is stronger than me.‎ ‎22have, has 表示某人有(has用于第三人称单数)；There is/ are;‎ There was/ were 表示某地存在有 注意There be 句型的就近原则 单数或不可数用there is /was;‎ 复数用there are/ were.‎ ‎23本身就是复数的词 眼镜glasses; 耳机earphones; 鞋shoes;裤子trousers等词本身是复数。‎ 如：My glasses were on the chair just now.‎ 但如果表示这双，这副，一双的时候用单数 如：There is a pair of chopsticks on the plate. This pair of earphones is for you.‎ ‎24五个元音字母分别是Aa, Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu;‎ ‎25一个的用法 a用于辅音前不是辅音字母前；an 用于元音前不是元音字母前。‎ 如：There is an ’s’, a ‘t’, a ‘u’, a ‘d’ ,an ‘e’, an ‘n’,and a ‘t’ in the word ‘student’.‎ ‎26时间表示法 有两种：‎ ‎（1）直接读时钟和分钟。‎ 如6:10读成 six ten; 7:30读成seven thirty; 8:45读成eight forty-five;‎ ‎(2)用to与past表示。‎ 在半小时包括半小时以内用几分past几点 如：6：10读成ten past six; 7:30读成half past seven;‎ 过了半小时用下一个钟点差几分 如7：45读成a quarter to eight; 9:50读成ten to ten;‎ ‎27基数词变序数词的方法 基变序有规律，结尾加上th; 一二三特殊例，结尾字母t、d(即first, second, third);‎ 八去t， 九去e， ve要用f替（即eigh—eighth; nine—ninth; five-- fifth ;twelve—twelfth）；‎ ty改y为ie后加th别忘记(即整十数如twenty—twentieth；forty—fortieth);‎ 几十几十位为基个位为序（如第二十一为twenty-first）。‎ 另外强调序数词前一定要加the。‎ ‎28日期的表示法 用the+序数词+ of +月 如:三月三日 the third of March;‎ ‎12月25日 the 25th of December.‎ ‎29both 表示两者都 如：My parents are both teachers.‎ all表示三者以上都 如：The students are all very excited.‎ ‎30节日的表示法 有day的节日前用on.‎ 没有day的节日前用at,‎ 如：at Christmas; on Christmas Day; at New Year; on New Year’s Day.‎ ‎31激动兴奋的 excited表示激动的，兴奋地主语是人；‎ exciting表示令人激动的，令人兴奋的主语是事情 如：The running race is very exciting, so all the students are very excited.‎ 赛跑非常令人激动，因此所有的学生都很激动。‎ ‎32比较 两者比较用比较级，三者以上比较用最高级 如：Who runs faster, the boy or the girl? The boy does 谁跑得更快，男孩还是女孩？男孩。‎ Which season do you like best? I like autumn best.‎ 你最喜欢哪个季节？我最喜欢秋天。‎ Which season do you like better, summer or winter? I like winter better.‎ 你更喜欢哪个季节，夏天还是冬天？我更喜欢冬天。‎ ‎33动词还原的用法 前面用了do, does did, don’t, doesn’t didn’t后面动词要还原。‎ 如：Did she watch TV last night?‎ Helen doesn’t like taking photos.‎ ‎34到了 到达用get to 但注意到家，到这儿，到那儿不可以加to 如：get home; get here; get there,‎ 另外go home; come here; go there也一样。‎ ‎35长着和穿着 长着什么用with 如：the girl with big eyes 大眼睛的女孩；‎ 穿着什么用in 如：the man in black穿黑衣服的男人 或：the woman in the white skirt 穿白色短裙的妇女 ‎36让某人做某事 用let sb后加动词原形 如：Let’s water the flowers together.‎ 是该做…的时候了用It’s time for+名词或It’s time to +动原。‎ 帮助某人做某事是help sb with sth 如：帮我学英语是 help me with my English ‎37树上 外来的东西在树上用in the tree 如：the bird in the tree;‎ 树上长的用on the tree 如：the apples on the tree ‎38运动和乐器 球类之前不加the;‎ 乐器之前必须加the 如：play the piano; play football ‎39一周中的第一天是Sunday; 一年中的第一个月是January ‎40get后加比较级表示变得更怎么样 。如：get stronger; get longer