高中英语unit4wildlifeprotectionsectionⅳlearningaboutlanguageamp；usinglanguage教学案 15页

Unit4WildlifeProtectionSectionⅣLearningaboutLanguageamp；UsingLanguageANIMALEXTINCTION①Manyanimalshavedisappearedduringthelonghistoryoftheearth.Themostfamousoftheseanimalsaredinosaurs②.Theylivedontheearthtensofmillionsofyearsago,longbeforehumanscameintobeingandtheirfutureseemedsecureatthattime③.Thereweremanydifferentkindsofdinosaurandanumberof④themusedtoliveinChina.TheeggsoftwentyfivespecieshavebeenfoundinXixiaCounty,Nanyang,HenanProvince.NotlongagoararenewspeciesofbirdlikedinosaurwasdiscoveredinChaoyangCounty,LiaoningProvince.Whenscientistsinspected⑤thebones,theyweresurprisedtofind⑥thatthesedinosaurscouldnotonlyrunliketheothersbutalsoclimbtrees⑦.Theylearnedthisfromthewaytheboneswerejoinedtogether⑧.①extinction/Ik'stIŋkʃn/n.灭绝；消亡extinctadj.不再存在的；已灭绝的；绝种的②dinosaur/'daInəsɔː/n.恐龙③comeintobeing形成；产生(相当于comeintoexistence)longbefore远远早于……，long用在before前表示两个动作发生的时间相隔久远。④anumberof“许多的；若干的”，后接可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。thenumberof“……的数量”，后接可数名词复数形式，谓语动词用单数形式。⑤inspect/In'spekt/vt.检查；视察⑥besurprisedtodosth.吃惊地做某事(todosth.是surprised的原因)⑦that引导宾语从句，从句中含有并列连词notonly...butalso连接的并列谓语，即run与climb。⑧thebones...是省略that的定语从句，修饰theway。⑨dieout灭亡；逐渐消失⑩unexpected/ˌʌnIk'spektId/adj.没料到的；意外的⑪incident/'InsIdənt/n.事件；事变，指小插曲；事件；冲突accident指意外事故⑫dust/dʌst/n.灰尘；尘土；尘埃nDinosaursdiedout⑨suddenlyabout65millionyearsago.Somescientiststhinkitcameafteranunexpected⑩incident⑪whenahugerockfromspacehittheearthandputtoomuchdust⑫intotheair.Othersthinktheearthgottoohotforthedinosaurstoliveon⑬anymore.Nobodyknowsforsure⑭whyandhowdinosaursdisappearedfromtheearthinsuchashorttime⑮.dustyadj.多灰尘的⑬liveon继续存在toohotforthedinosaurstoliveon为“too＋adj.＋forsb./sth.todosth.”结构，意为“对……来说，太……而不能……”。⑭forsure无疑地；确定地(＝forcertain)，在句中作状语。⑮whyandhow共同引导宾语从句，作knows的宾语。动物灭绝[第1～2段译文]从地球有史以来的这段漫长时期，许多动物都消失了。这些动物中最有名的是恐龙。千百万年前，恐龙就在地球上生活，比人类的出现要早得多，当时它们的前景好像也很安全。当时有许多不同种类的恐龙，其中有很多种类曾经生活在中国。25个种类的恐龙蛋是在河南省南阳西峡县发现的。不久前，在辽宁省的朝阳县新发现了一种罕见的、形状像鸟一样的恐龙。科学家们观察它们的骨头时，惊奇地发现这些恐龙不仅跟其他恐龙一样可以跑，而且还可以爬树。科学家们是根据恐龙骨骼的连接方式得知这些的。恐龙大约在6500万年前突然灭绝了。有些科学家认为恐龙灭绝是发生在一次意外事故之后，当时宇宙间一块巨石击中地球，因而在空气中扬起太多的尘土。另外一些科学家则认为，地球变得太热，因此恐龙无法在地球上生活了。没有人确切地知道恐龙是由于什么原因，又是怎样在这么短的时间里从地球上消失的。　Weknowmanyotherwildplants,animals,insectsandbirdshavediedoutmorerecently.Accordingto⑯aUNreport,some⑰844animalsandplantshavedisappearedinthelast500years⑱.Thedodoisoneofthem.Itlived⑯accordingto按照；根据……所说，介词短语，后常跟名词或动名词作宾语。⑰someadv.大约，常用于数字前，相当于about。⑱inthelast500years在过去的500年里，用作时间状语，相当于nontheIslandofMauritiusandwasaveryfriendlyanimal.Pleaselistentoastoryofthedodoandhowitdisappearedfromtheearth.“over/duringthepast500years”，常与现在完成时连用。　[第3段译文]我们知道，近来许多其他的野生动植物、昆虫和鸟类也灭绝了。根据一份联合国的报告，在过去的500年里，大约有844种动植物已经消失。渡渡鸟就是其中的一种。它生活在毛里求斯岛上，是一种非常友好的动物。请听一个关于渡渡鸟的故事，看看它是如何从地球上消失的。Step1　True(T)orFalse(F)．1．Mostanimalshavediedoutduringthelonghistoryoftheearth.__F__2．Dinosaursarethemostfamousoftheanimalsthathavedisappeared.__T__3．Thereusedtobemanydifferentkindsofdinosaursontheearth.__T__4．Ararespeciesofbirdlikedinosaurcouldbothrunandclimbtrees.__T__5．Nowpeopleknowthereasonwhydinosaurssuddenlydisappeared.__F__Step2　Readthetextandchoosethebestanswers.1．Accordingtothepassage,whatcanweknowaboutthedinosaurs?A．Dinosaurswereoncethekindestanimalsontheearth.B．Theylivedontheearthtogetherwithhumans.C．Theydiedoutforsomeunknownreasons.D．Itwasthetemperaturethatcausedthemtodieout.2．Thebirdlikedinosaurswerediscoveredin________.A．XixiaCounty,Nanyang,HenanProvinceB．ChaoyangCounty,LiaoningProvinceC．XixiaCounty,Nanyang,LiaoningProvinceD．ChaoyangCounty,HenanProvince3．Howdidscientistsknowthatthebirdlikedinosaurscouldrunaswellasclimbtrees?A．Bystudyingtheireggs.　B．Bystudyingtheirteeth.C．Bystudyingtheirbones.D．Byguessingonly.n答案：1～3　CBC一、这样记单词记得准·写得对记得快·记得多Ⅰ.基础词汇1.incidentn．　　　　事件；事变2.fierceadj.凶猛的；猛烈的3.inspectvt.检查；视察4.bitevt.&vi.咬；叮；刺痛Ⅱ.拓展词汇1.extinctionn．灭绝；消亡→extinctadj.灭绝的2.unexpectedadj.没料到的；意外的→expectedadj.预期的；预料的3.dustn．灰尘；尘土；尘埃→dustyadj.积满灰尘的4.disappearancen．消失→disappearvt.消失→appearv．出现；到场5.endingn．结局；结尾→endv．结束；终止n．结束；末端；尽头6.faithfullyadv.忠诚地，忠实地→faithfuladj.忠实的→faithn．信仰；忠实1.bite的过去式和过去分词分别为：bit;bit/bitten即把字母e去掉，常见还有：①hide→hid→hid/hidden　②slide→slid→slid2.名词＋后缀y变为形容词①dust→dusty　　　　　　积满灰尘的②health→healthy健康的③dirt→dirty脏的④rain→rainy有雨的⑤sun→sunny阳光明媚的⑥cloud→cloudy阴天的3.各类“事件”①accident　多指偶然发生的不幸事件②incident日常小事或不太重要的事件③event主要指重要事件(国家的、社会的、边界的等)④affair事务，外交大事等⑤happening事件；意外事件⑥matter事情；问题二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.come_into_being　　　　　　　形成；产生2．according_to按照；根据……所说3．so_that以至于；结果4．long_before很久以前1.anunexpectedincident　　　一次意外事件2．insuchashorttime在如此短的时间里3．toohottoliveon太热而无法生存n5．used_to_...过去常……6．not_only_..._but_also_...不仅……而且……7．for_sure确定无疑地8．a_number_of许多4．inthelast500years在过去的500年里5．averyfriendlyanimal一种非常友好的动物6．asusual像平时一样7．tensofmillionsyearsago千百万年前三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Afterawhileshesawsomezebrawithblackandwhitelinesgoingbeneaththeirstomachs.过了一会儿她看到了一些斑马，它们身上有一直延伸到腹部的黑白相间的条纹。“with＋n.＋doing”复合结构。Withtimegoing_by,_wehavebuiltupagoodrelationship.随着岁月的流逝，我们建立了良好的关系。2.ThisistheonlyhomeoftheredColobusmonkeybutthereareveryfewleft.这是红色疣猴的唯一栖息地，但是现在所剩无几了。Therebe(no)...left...“(不)剩下……”。　Hurryup,there_is_little_time_leftforustocatchupwiththelastbus.快点，我们赶上最后一班车的时间不多了。3.Theylivedontheearthtensofmillionsofyearsago,longbeforehumanscameintobeingandtheirfutureseemedsecureatthattime.千百万年前，恐龙就在地球上生活，比人类的出现要早得多，当时它们的前景好像也很安全。longbefore“很久以前”，引导时间状语从句。Thisallhappenedlong_before_you_came_here,_soithadnothingtodowithyou.这一切都发生在你来这儿很久以前，因此它和你无关。4.Itisapitythatinthestorynobodyhelpedthedodo.很遗憾在故事中没有人帮助渡渡鸟。it作形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。It's_a_pity_thatyoudidn'tpasstheexam.你考试没及格真是遗憾n1．(教材P29)Whatshouldyoudoifyouarebeingbittenbymosquitoes?如果你正在被蚊子叮咬，你应该做什么？bite(bit;bitten)v．咬；叮；刺痛①Thefiercesharkbithimintheleg.这条凶猛的鲨鱼咬了他的腿。②Bitten(bite)twice,myfrienddarenotgotomyhome.被咬过两次，我的朋友不敢去我家了。③Astheoldsayinggoes,“Oncebitten(bite),twiceshy.”常言道，“一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。”[名师点津]　hitsb.intheface打某人的脸，patsb.onthehead拍某人的头，patsb.ontheshoulder拍某人的肩膀。2．(教材P30)Theylivedontheearthtensofmillionsofyearsago,longbeforehumanscameintobeingandtheirfutureseemedsecureatthattime.千百万年前，恐龙就在地球上生活，比人类的出现要早得多，当时它们的前景好像也很安全。comeintobeing形成；产生①Nooneknowsforsurewhensuchacustomcameintobeing.没有人确切知道这种风俗是什么时候形成的。②ThePeople'sRepublicofChinacame_into_beingonOctober1,1949.中华人民共和国成立于1949年10月1日。[名师点津]　comeintobeing无被动语态，也不能用于进行时态。3．(教材P30)Whenscientistsinspectedthebones,theyweresurprisedtofindthatthesedinosaurscouldnotonlyrunliketheothersbutalsoclimbtrees.科学家们观察它们的骨头时，惊奇地发现这些恐龙不仅跟其他恐龙一样可以跑，而且还可以爬树。inspectvt.检查；视察(1)inspectsb./sth.forsth.　某事检查某人/某物(2)inspectionn.查；视察inspectorn.查员；视察者n①Youshouldinspectthecarwellbeforeyoubuyit.在买车之前，你应该仔细检查一番。②Itissaidthataninspectorwillcometoinspectourschool,andhewilljudgeourschoolaccordingtohisinspection.(inspect)据说一位检查员将来视察我们学校，并根据他的视察情况来评判我们学校。[巧学助记][词根]　spect(＝look)→[生词]4．(教材P30)AccordingtoaUNreport,some844animalsandplantshavedisappearedinthelast500years.根据一份联合国的报告，在过去的500年里，大约有844种动植物已经消失。accordingto按照；根据……所说①Accordingtothelatestsurvey,manyanimalshavenearlydiedout.根据最新的调查，许多动物濒临灭绝。②Hesaysthateverythingisgoingaccording_to_the_plan.他说一切都在按计划进行。③Theyarepaidaccording_tohowlongtheyareemployed.他们的工资随雇用时间而定。[名师点津]　accordingto用来引用出自他人或他处的消息，不能与me,myopinion或mypointofview等连用。5．sothat...以至于……，结果……；为了……，以便……(1)引导目的状语从句，意为“为了……，以便……”，从句中常使用can/could/may/might/will/would/should等情态动词，从句之前不用逗号。(2)引导结果状语从句，意为“以至于；结果”，从句中一般不用情态动词，从句前常有逗号。①ManyathletestakepartintheOlympicGamessothattheycanwingloryfortheirhomeland.许多运动员参加奥运会为的就是能为祖国赢得荣誉。②Igaveyouamapso_thatyouwouldn'tgetlost!为了你不会迷路，我给过你一张地图！③Ithadn'trainedforafewmonths,so_thatthecropsweredried.好几个月没有下雨了，以至于庄稼都干死了。n1．Afterawhileshesawsomezebrawithblackandwhitelinesgoingbeneaththeirstomachs.过了一会儿她看到了一些斑马，它们身上有一直延伸到腹部的黑白相间的条纹。withblackandwhitelinesgoing为“with＋n.＋doing”复合结构。with复合结构如下：＋＋宾补①Shecametoariverwithgreengrassandredflowersonbothsides.她来到了一个两边长着红花绿草的小河边。②Withtheboyleading(lead)theway,wehadnodifficultyinfindinghishome.有这个男孩带路，我们找到他家没有困难。③Withthekeylost(lose),hehadtowaitoutsidethedoor.由于钥匙丢了，他只好在门外等。④Withsomuchworkto_do(do),Ihavenotimeforaholiday.有那么多工作要做，我没有时间去度假。2．Theylivedontheearthtensofmillionsofyearsago,longbeforehumanscameintobeingandtheirfutureseemedsecureatthattime.千百万年前，恐龙就在地球上生活，比人类的出现要早得多，当时它们的前景好像也很安全。(1)句中longbefore意为“早在……之前；很早；很久以前”，该短语后可以接句子、名词、代词，也可以单独使用，在句中作状语。①IknewBettylongbeforeyougotmarriedtoher.早在你和贝蒂结婚之前，我就认识她了。[名师点津]　beforelong不久之后，可指将来和过去，在句中作状语，但不可以引导从句。②Hehadtaughtinthisschoollong_beforethewarbrokeout,butbefore_longhehadtoleavetheschool.在战争爆发之前，他早就在这个学校教书了，但不久他不得不离开学校。(2)Itis/wasnotlongbefore...不久就……③It_was_not_long_beforehecametohelpme.不久他就来帮助我了。(3)Itwillbelongbefore...要过很久才……④Itwillbelongbeforewearrive.还要很久我们才能到达。nⅠ.单句语法填空1．Accordingtoourbiologyteacher,somepeoplelongtoearnmoneybyhuntingwildanimals.2．Withalotofdifficultproblemsto_settle(settle),themanagerfeltworriedallthetime.3．Johnthinksitwon'tbelongbeforeheisreadyforhisnewjob.4．Oneofmyshoesis_being_bitten(bite)bymylittledognow.5．Itisarulethatourluggageshouldbe_inspected(inspect)bycustomsofficers.Ⅱ.补全句子1．Wearenotsurewhentheuniversecame_into_being.我们不确定宇宙是何时形成的。2．According_to_the_teacher,_hefellfarbehindotherstudentsasaresultoflaziness.据老师说，他很懒，所以他远远落后于其他同学。3．Whydon'tyoustartoutearlyso_that_you_don't_have_to_hurry?你为什么不早点出发以便你不用这么匆忙呢？4．Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwith_his_work_finished,_hegladlyacceptedit.约翰收到了晚宴的邀请，由于完成了工作，他高兴地接受了。5．It_wasn't_long_beforeweworkedouttheplan.没过多久我们就把计划制订出来了。一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高[本课语言点针对练习]Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Acloudofdust(灰尘)roseintheairasthecarranpast.2．Hefaithfully(忠诚地)liveduptohispromise.3．Peoplesaythatbarkingdogsdon'tbite(咬)．4．Hetoldmesomeofthefunnyincidents(事件)thathappenedduringhisjourneytoEurope.n5．Idon'tfeelsecure(安全的)whenIamaloneinthehouse.6．Thestoryhasasurprisingending(结尾)．7．Thatlittleboywasfrightenedbythatfierce(凶猛的)dog.　8．It'sdifficulttoraiseafamilyonasmallincome(收入)．Ⅱ.选词填空1．According_totheoldstory,hewasthefounderofRome.2．Anewruleaboutsmokinginpublicwillcome_into_beingnextmonth.3．We'dliketoarrive30minutesearlyso_thatwecanhavetimeforagoodrest.4．Hegotilllong_beforeyoucamehere.5．IthinkhelivestherebutIcan'tsayfor_sure.[本单元语言点温故练习]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Nomatterhowpowerful(power)theenemyseems,wemustfightagainstthemtotheend.2．Shemustbefeelingverylonelyaftertheloss(lose)ofherhusband.3．Doyouthinkthatworkwithoutrestwilldoharmtoyourhealth?4．IwouldappreciateitifyoucouldhelpmewithmyEnglish.5．Ithinkthatagoodstorydoesnotnecessarilyhavetohaveahappyending(end)．6．Hetoldmenotto_inspect(inspect)themachinewithoutturningoffthepower.7．Itisofgreatimportance(important)thatyouarriveontime.8．Adoctor'staskistoworkfortherelief(relieve)ofpatient'ssuffering.9．Theirsuddenmarriageisanunexpected(expect)incidenttoeveryone.10．Aftersupper,Isuggestedgoing(go)forawalk.Ⅱ.选词填空sothat，liveinpeace，respondto，protect...from，indangerof，accordingto，inrelief，payattentionto，burstintolaughter，dieout1．Youhaveseveralwaystorespond_tothisdifficultquestion.2．TheSmithswereliving_in_peacewiththeneighbours.3．Youarein_danger_ofcatchingacoldifyoudon'ttakecareofyourself.n4．Thatstyleofmusicdied_outtenyearsago.5．Hesmiledin_reliefafterheheardthenewsthathehadpassedtheexam.6．Pleasepay_attention_tothedifferencebetweenthetwowords.7．Filluptheformaccording_totheinstructions.8．Iwillgiveyouallthefactsso_thatyoucanjudgeforyourself.9．Uponhearingthefunnystory,everybodyburst_into_laughter.10．Treesshouldbe_protected_fromthecoldduringwinter.Ⅲ.翻译句子1．世界上很多的物种正处于灭绝的危险中。A_lot_of_species_in_the_world_are_in_danger_of_dying_out./A_great_many_species_in_the_world_are_at_the_edge_of_extinction.2．看到那个滑稽的帽子，孩子们突然笑起来。Seeing_the_funny_cap,_the_children_suddenly_laughed./Seeing_the_funny_cap,_the_children_burst_out_laughing/burst_into_laughter.3．应该采取一些措施保护这条河不受污染。Some_measures_should_be_taken_to_protect_the_river_from_being_polluted./Some_steps_should_be_taken_to_protect_the_river_from_being_polluted./Something_should_be_done_to_protect_the_river_from_being_polluted.4．我们需要特别注意孩子们的精神健康。We_need_to_pay_special_attention_to_children's_mental_health.5．我们应该保护环境，以便我们的下一代会健康。We_should_protect_the_environment_so_that_our_next_generation_will_be_healthy.Ⅳ.多维演练1．appreciate(1)写出下列句中appreciate的含义①Histalentsaregreatlyappreciatedbytheboss.欣赏②Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldturntheradiodown.感激③Wedidn'tappreciatethathewasbadlyill.意识到(2)单句语法填空①Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldhaveatalkwithmefacetoface.②Iappreciatebeing_elected(elect)monitorofourclass.③Pleaseacceptthisgiftinappreciation(appreciate)ofallyou'vedoneforus.n(3)补全句子如果你能给我一些关于如何解决这些问题的建议，我将不胜感激。(山东高考写作)I_would_appreciate_it_ifyoucangivemesomeadviceonhowtosolvetheseproblems.2．succeed(1)单句语法填空①Finally,Iwishthisyear'sEnglishspeechcompetitionagreatsuccess.②Nearlyalloftheyoungpeopleinterviewedbelievedthathardworkwasthekeytosuccess(succeed)．③AsfarasIknow,JohnsucceededTomaschairmanofthestudents'union.④Iamlookingforwardtoalongandsuccessful(success)partnershipwithhim.(2)补全句子只要我们有追随梦想的热情，最终我们一定能成功。(2014·福建高考书面表达)Aslongaswehavetheenthusiasmtofollowourdream,weare_sure_to_succeed_at_last.二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧Ⅰ.阅读理解LaughterYoga(大笑瑜伽)isoneformofyoga.MadanKataria,adoctorinMumbai,Indiainventedit.Hebelievedthatpeoplehadforgottenhowtoreallylaugh.Throughhisresearchhemadeaninterestingdiscovery.Thehumanminddoesnotknowthedifferencebetweenforcedlaughterandreallaughter.Forcedlaughtercanalsoleadtoafeelingofhappiness.AndthenKatariahadtheideaforagroupofpeoplewhowouldlaughtogether.Hegathered(聚集)afewofhisfriendstogether.TheymetinapublicparkinMumbai.Thatsmallgroupgrewandgrew!AndthisishowpeoplebegantodoLaughterYoga.PeopledoingLaughterYogausuallymeettogetherinaLaughterClub.Kataria'snfriendsformedthefirstLaughterClubin1995.Today,there'reover5,000LaughterClubsin53countries.ButwhatexactlydopeopledoinaLaughterClub?PeopleinLaughterYogameetingsusuallydoaseriesofexercises.Theexercisesincludebodymovement,correctbreathing,andofcourse,laughter!Atthebeginningofthemeeting,peoplemayhavetoforcethemselvestolaugh.Butbytheend,everyoneisusuallylaughinginarealway!Eachmeetingisalittledifferent.Buttherearecommonexercisesgroupsmaydo.Expertssaythattheexerciseshelpbloodmovearoundthebodyfaster.TheyalsosaythatLaughterYogahelpspeopledealwiththebadthingsintheirlives.TheysaythatapersonmaygointoaLaughterClubmeetingfeelingsad,angry,orworried.Butthen,peopleacthappy.Afteratime,forcedlaughterbecomesreallaughter.ThisisonereasonwhypeoplemayenjoyLaughterYogasomuch!1．WhatdidKatariafindoutaboutlaughter?A．Peopleareoftenforcedtolaugh.B．Forcedlaughterworksaswellasreallaughter.C．Forcedlaughterismoreinterestingthanreallaughter.D．Peoplerefusetouseforcedlaughtertocheerthemup.解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Thehumanmind...feelingofhappiness.”可知，Kataria发现强制性的笑和发自肺腑的笑一样都可以使人感到愉悦。2．Before1995,peopledidLaughterYoga________.A．tomakefriends　　　　B．inapublicparkC．inaLaughterClubD．tolaughateachother解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“TheymetinapublicparkinMumbai”以及接下来描述“第一个大笑瑜伽俱乐部成立于1995年，到那时人们才开始在俱乐部练大笑瑜伽”可知，在1995年之前，人们是在公园练习大笑瑜伽的。3．Paragraph3ismainlyabout________.A．therapiddevelopmentofLaughterClubsB．theimportanceoflaughterinLaughterYogaC．commonexercisespeopledoinaLaughterClubD．differentfeelingsatthebeginningandendofthemeetings解析：选C　段落大意题。第三段的主题句为“whatexactlydopeopledoinaLaughterClub”，再根据该段具体描述人们在大笑俱乐部进行的活动可知，C项符合题意。4．Accordingtoexperts,________.nA．anyonecanjoininaLaughterClubB．laughterisaverygoodformofexerciseC．LaughterYogamakesbloodmoveslowlyD．ittakesalongtimeforpeopletobefreeofbadfeelings解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中专家所说的“theexerciseshelpbloodmovearoundthebodyfaster”以及“helpspeopledealwiththebadthingsintheirlives”可推测，他们认为大笑是一种很好的锻炼形式。Ⅱ.语法填空ThesurprisepartyisverypopularinAmerica.MostpeopleinAmericathink__1__isveryexcitingtohavesurprisepartiesfortheirgoodfriendsorfamilymembers.Itisquiteeasy__2__(plan)asurprisepartywhenone'sbirthdayiscoming.Doyouwanttoknow__3__asurprisepartyislike?Lookatthefollowingexample.It'snight.Bob'swifeaskshimtogodownstairstothekitchenandbringher__4__glassofmilk.Bobwalkstothekitchenandpushesthedooropen.There'snosound__5__lightthere.Suddenlyhehearsastrangesoundandthenseesabear__6__(stand)infrontofhim!Bobisveryscaredandfallsbackwards.Thebeartakesoffhiscostume.It'sBob'sfriendCharles!There__7__(be)alsoseveralpeoplebehindCharles,includinghiswife.AllofthemsaytoBob,“Surprise！！Whoo！！”Bobis__8__(puzzle),andhedoesnotknowwhatitisuntilhisfriendssay“happybirthday”tohim.Infact,thesurprisepartyhasmanykindsof__9__(form).Asuccessfulsurprisepartyalwaysmakespeoplefeelsurprisedandexcited.Everyoneenjoys__10__(they)attheparty.1．it　此处应用it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。2．toplan　Itiseasytodosth.“做某事是容易的”，是固定句型。3．what　引导宾语从句，在从句中作like的宾语，表示“什么样子”，故用what。4．a　泛指“一杯牛奶”，用不定冠词a。5．or　所用词连接两个并列成分，在否定句中用or。6．standing　see...doingsth.“看见……正在做某事”，故用动词的现在分词形式。7．are　此处应与全文时态一致，用一般现在时；谓语动词的数与主语severalpeople一致，故用are。8．puzzled　作表语，说明人的感受，用动词puzzle的形容词形式。9．forms　此处form是可数名词，前有manykindsof修饰，用复数。n10．themselves　enjoyoneself“玩得痛快”，是固定短语。