2020版高考英语一轮复习组合练第3练阅读理解七选五练习 9页

第3练阅读理解七选五Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2018·陕西西安地区八校联考)Babbage，borninLondonin1791，wasagreatmathematicalgenius.Hewasanaturalinventor.Whenhefinishedschool，hewenttostudymathematicsatCambridgeUniversity.Later，hegotajobteachingattheuniversity.Whileworkingthere，hedesignedhis“firstdifferenceengine”．Thiswas，basically，ahandoperatedmechanicalcalculator.Hetooknineyearstobuildapartofthemachine.Thismachinecanmakecomplexmathematicalcalculations.It’sabasicmechanicalcomputer.Babbagedreamed，however，ofmorecomplicatedmachines.Infact，hedidn’tonlydream;hebegantodesignthem.Theresultwasaseriesof“analyticalengines”whichwereinfactpowerfulcomputers!Hisdesignscontainedprocessors，controlunits，amemoryandaninput/outputsystem.Thesearethefouressentialpartsofamodernmathematicalcomputer!Alas!His“seconddifferenceengine”couldn’tuseelectricitysincethishadn’tyetbecomeausablesourceofpower，soBabbagehadtomakedowithmechanicalsystems.Forthisreason，themachinewasbig，complicatedandexpensive.ThoughBabbageproducedcompleteplansforthemachine，hecouldn’tbuildit.Itwastooadvancedforitsage!Itwasnotuntilalmost160yearslaterthatBabbage’s“seconddifferenceengine”wasfinallymanufactured.ThefirstworkingversionofthismachinewasbuiltbytheScienceMuseuminLondon，fortheBabbagebicentenaryin1991.AsecondmachinewasthenbuiltforanAmericanhightechmillionaire，whoputitintheComputerHistoryMuseum，inCalifornia.nBabbage’sanalyticalengineswouldhaveused“programs”likethoseusedinthetextile(纺织)industrytomakecomplicatedpatterns，buttheywereneverbuilt.Thisbrilliantmathematicianreallywastoofaraheadofhistime!1．WheredidBabbageplanhis“firstdifferenceengine”？A．InLondon.B．Athighschool.C．AtCambridge.D．InScienceMuseum.2．Whatdoweknowabouthis“seconddifferenceengine”？A．Ittookhimnineyearstobuildit.B．Itwasfaraheadofitstime.C．Itsdesigncameoutinhisdreams.D．Itspowersourcewaselectricity.3．The“seconddifferenceengine”wasbuilttoworkin1991.A．foranAmericanmillionaireB．inmemoryofBabbageC．totestitsabilitytouseelectricityD．fortextileindustrytomakepatterns4．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Babbage’senginesdidn’trunonprograms.B．Textilepatternsareproducedwithprograms.C．Babbagecanbeseenasthefatherofcomputers.D．Babbage’sanalyticalengineswereneverbuilt.BWithgoldensunshineandagentlebreeze，autumnisthemostbeautifulseasonintheyear.Thisisagreattimetogooutsideandhavefun.Gotoavalleytoseeredmapletrees，goandpickfruitinanorchardorfindanopenfieldtoflyyourkitein.However，formanyhighschoolstudents，thesegreatactivitiesmaybejustadream.Withplentyofworktodo，theyspendalltheirhoursindoors，strugglingforahighmarkintheirexams.Ofcourse，studyisoneofthemostimportantthingsforteenagers.Butlifeisdefinitelymuchmorethanthnat.Sometimeswespendsomuchtimestudyingthatweforgethowtomakelifewonderful.Indoingso，welosetherealpurposeoflife—tobeavaluableandhappyperson.Toenjoyjusthowgreatitistobealive，wehavetoputdownourbooksandpensandlookaroundus.Students，takesomeexercisetoimproveyourhealth，talkwithyourparentsandfriendsforunderstandingandwalkaroundoutsidetorefreshyourbodyandmind.Goingoutandenjoyingthebeautifulcountrysideoftenhelpsourcreativityinourwork.Chinesecraftsman，LuBan，createdasawtohelpwoodworkers.Butifhehadn’twalkedoutside，hewouldnothavebeeninspiredbyakindoftoothedgrass.WecouldalsosupposethatifNewtonhadn’trestedunderthatappletree，thenhewouldn’thavebeenhitbyanapple，andhisclassictheorieswouldnothavecomeout.Goingoutisnotonlyabreakfromhardwork，butachancetoaddtolifeexperience.Socomeon，giveyourbrainagoodrest.Stepoutofthebooksandgetyourbagreadyforanautumnouting.Wearesureyouwillgetmuchmorethanknowledgefromtheexcitingjourney.5．Inwhichparagraphdoesthewritermakeasummaryabouthisopinion?A．Paragraph1.B．Paragraph2.C．Paragraph5.D．Paragraph4.6．Whyisgoingoutadreamformanyhighschoolstudents?A．Theyareunhappytodoso.B．Theirparentsdon’tallowthemtodoso.C．Theythinkstudyisthemostimportantthingforthem.D．Theyhavetoomuchworktodoforgettinghighmarksintheexams.7．Thepassageisdevelopedmainlyby.A．makingpredictionsB．reasoningandgivingexamplesC．describingthebeautifulsceneryinautumnD．pointingoutthepresentsituationofhighschoolstudentsn8．Whatmessagecanyougetfromthepassage?A．Natureispower.B．AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.C．Theauthorisn’thappywithoureducationatall.D．Goingoutcanmakehighschoolstudentsgetmore.CWhileJenniferwasathometakinganonlineexamforherbusinesslawclass，amonitorafewhundredmilesawaywaswatchinghereverymove.UsingawebcameraequippedinJennifer’sLosAngelesapartment，themonitorinPhoenixtrackedhowfrequentlyhereyesmovedfromthecomputerscreenandlistenedforthesecretsoundsofapossiblehelperintheroom.HerInternetaccesswaslocked—remotely—topreventInternetsearches，andhertypingstylewasanalyzedtomakesureshewaswhoshesaidshewas：Didsheenterherstudentnumberatthesamespeedasshehadinthepast？Orwassheslowingdown?Inthebattleagainstcheating，thisisthecuttingedgeandakeytoencouragehonestyintheboomingfieldofonlineeducation.Thetechnologygivestrusttotheentiresystem，totheinstitutionandtoonlineeducationingeneral.Onlywithsolidmeasuresagainstcheating，expertssay，canInternetuniversitiesshowthattheirexamsanddiplomasarevalid—thatstudentshaven’tjustsearchedtheInternettogettherightanswers.Althoughonlineclasseshaveexistedformorethanadecade，theconcernovercheatinghasbecomesharperinthelastyearwiththegrowthof“openonlinecourses.”Privatecolleges，publicuniversitiesandcorporationsarejumpingintotheonlineeducationfield.Spendingmillionsofdollarstoattractpotentialstudents，whilealsotakingstepstohelpguaranteehonestyatadistance.Asidefromthewebcameras，anumberofotherhightechmethodsarebecomingincreasinglypopular.Amongthemareprogramsthatcheckstudents’identitiesusingpersonalinformation，nsuchasthetelephonenumberstheyonceused.Otherprogramscanproduceuniqueexamsbydrawingonalargelistofquestionsandcanrecognizepossiblecheatersbyanalyzingwhetherdifficulttestquestionsareansweredatthesamespeedaseasyones.Asinmanyuniversityclasses，termpapersarescannedagainstsomelargeInternetdatabanksforcheating.9．WhywasJenniferwatchedinanonlineexam?A．Tocorrecthertypingmistakes.B．Tofindhersecretsintheroom.C．Topreventherfromslowingdown.D．Tokeepherfromdishonestbehaviors.10．Theunderlinedexpression“cuttingedge”inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto.A．advancedtechniqueB．sharpeningtoolC．effectiveruleD．dividingline11．Someprogramscanfindoutpossiblecheatersby.A．producingalargenumberofquestionsB．scanningtheInternettestquestionsC．checkingthequestionansweringspeedD．givingdifficulttestquestions12．Theauthorofthispassagewantstotellus.A．whattheInterneteducationisB．theimportanceofthewebcameratodayC．whenthestudentscancheatD．howtobeatstudentsexamcheatingonlineⅡ.七选五(2018·江西红色七校联考)DoPeopleNeedSmallTalktoBeHappy?Psychologists(心理学家)havelongsaidthatconnectingwithothersisanimportantpartofhappiness，butjusthowmuchconversationwerequireisunderexamination.Inonestudy,researchersfoundthatsmalltalkmadeuponly10%oftheirconversationrelatedwithhappinesns.13Scientistsbelievethatsmalltalkcouldpromotebonding.Latelastyear，Princetonresearchersreportedthatsmalltalkkeepsclosenesswithlovedones，andisn’tmerelythestuffofawkwardexchangeswithstrangers.Still，chattingwithstrangerscouldbrightenyourmorning.Inaseriesofexperiments，psychologistsgaveChicagopassengersdifferentdirectionsaboutwhethertotalkwithfellowpassenger—somethingtheytypicallyavoided.14Noneofthechattersreportedbeingrejected.Smalltalkcanalsohelpusfeelconnectedtooursurroundings.Peoplewhosmiledat，madeeyecontactwith，andbrieflyspokewiththeirStarbucksbaristas(服务员)，reportedagreatersenseofbelongingthanthosewhorushedthroughthetransaction(交易)．15Onereportfoundthatwhenvolunteersbrokethesilencetochatwithgallerygoers，thevisitorsfelthappierandmoreconnectedtotheexhibitthanthosewhowerenotapproached.16Inonestudy，peoplewhowererated“lesscurious”byresearchershadtroublegettingaconversationrollingontheirown，andhadgreaterluckbuildingclosenesswithotherswhentheyweresuppliedwithquestionsthatencouragedpersonaldisclosure(透露)．Butpeoplewhowereconsidered“curious”needednohelpwhentransformingconversationsaboutordinarythingsintopersonalexchanges.17A．Thesameistrueofgallerygoers.B．Theyfoundthatsmalltalkisrelatedwithhappiness.C．Butdon’tplaydownsmalltalkjustyet.D．Ofcourse，somepeoplearebetterthanothersatturningsmalltalkintosomethingbigger.E．A“curiousmindset”，theauthorconcluded，canleadto“positivesocialinteractions”．F．Makingsmalltalkisanimportantskillforallthesocialsituations.G．Thosetoldtochatwithothersreportedamorepleasantjourney.n答案解析Ⅰ.1．C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Whenhefinishedschool，hewenttostudymathematicsatCambridgeUniversity.Later，hegotajobteachingattheuniversity.Whileworkingthere，hedesignedhis‘firstdifferenceengine’．”可知，巴贝奇在剑桥大学计划他的“firstdifferenceengine”。故选C。]2．B　[细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Alas！His‘seconddifferenceengine’couldn’tuseelectricitysincethishadn’tyetbecomeausablesourceofpower”和“Itwastooadvancedforitsage！”可知，他的“seconddifferenceengine”远远超过了它的时代。故选B。]3．B　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Itwasnotuntilalmost160yearslaterthatBabbage’s‘seconddifferenceengine’wasfinallymanufactured.ThefirstworkingversionofthismachinewasbuiltbytheScienceMuseuminLondon，fortheBabbagebicentenaryin1991.”可知，the“seconddifferenceengine”在1991年被制造是为了纪念巴贝奇诞辰二百周年。故选B。]4．C　[推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了巴贝奇对计算机发明作出的巨大贡献。由此可知，巴贝奇可以被看作是计算机之父。]语篇解读　文中作者列举了当今高中生忙于学习没时间外出的现状，说明了外出会有很多收获，鼓励学生们走出去，去获取更多东西。n5．C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句和最后一句可知，作者认为外出是一种增加生活经验的机会，我们会从激动人心的旅程中获得更多的知识。本段总结了作者的观点。故选C。]6．D　[细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，高中生们有大量的作业要做，要把所有的时间用于学习考高分。对于他们来说外出活动就是一个梦想。故选D。]7．B　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Indoingso，welosetherealpurposeoflife—tobeavaluableandhappyperson.Toenjoyjusthowgreatitistobealive，wehavetoputdownourbooksandpensandlookaroundus.”可知是运用了论证的方法；第四段中的“LuBan，createdasawtohelpwoodworkers...WecouldalsosupposethatifNewtonhadn’trestedunderthatappletree...”是运用了举例来说明自己的观点。故选B。]8．D　[推理判断题。根据全文可知，作者认为高中生走出去是一种增加生活经验的机会，会从激动人心的旅程中获得更多的知识，鼓励学生们多出去走走。故选D。]语篇解读　网络教育越来越受欢迎，但是在考试时如何防止考生作弊呢？本文介绍了几种遏制网络考试中作弊现象的方法。9．D　[推理判断题。根据第二段提到的监控内容以及第三段的“Inthebattleagainstcheating...”可知，对Jennifer进行监控是为了防止她考试作弊。故选D。]10．A　[词义猜测题。根据上文可知，网络远程监控设备是在蓬勃发展的网络教育领域中鼓励诚实的前沿科技，也是关键所在。由下一句中的Thetechnology也可推测出cuttingedge指“尖端科技”。故A项正确。]11．C　[细节理解题。除了远程监控手段外，文章在最后两段还介绍了两种防止作弊的方法，一种是核实考生的个人信息，另一种则是分析考生的答题速度。故选C。]12．D　[主旨大意题。概括全文可知，文章主要介绍了几种防止远程网络考试作弊的技术，旨在防止考生网上考试时作弊。故选D。]Ⅱ.13．C　[根据上句：“Inonestudy,researchersfoundthatsmalltalkmadeuponly10%oftheirconversationrelatedwithhappiness.”，再根据空格下句：“Scientistsbelievethatsmalltalkcouldpromotebonding.”。关键词only和promote表明此空应该是表示转折的内容，所以C项(Butdon’tplaydownsmalltalkjustnyet.但是仍然不要贬低闲聊的作用)符合题意。]14．G　[此处是实验的结果。根据空格下句：没有一个聊天的人表示自己碰了钉子。推出上句的意思可能是：与别人聊天的人表示旅途更愉快。故选G。]15．A　[根据下文的“Chatwithgallerygoers”可知，参观美术馆的人也有同样的感受。故选A。]16．D　[根据本段中对两类人的介绍可推知，有些人更擅长把聊天话题扩大。故选D。]17．E　[根据上文：但是被认为“有好奇心”的人不需要帮助就能把诸如最喜欢的节日之类的乏味话题转化为亲近交流。可知作者得出结论认为“好奇的心态”可以激发“积极的社会交往”。故选E。]