2020版高考英语一轮复习话题练第17练科普知识与现代技术练习 10页

第17练科普知识与现代技术基础巩固Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．TheInternethasenabledus(know)andunderstandthewholeworldmuchbetter.2．However，someofscientificinventionshaveevencausedgreatharmmankind.3．Therapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology(bring)aboutgreatchangestohumanlifesofar.4．Iwilltellyou(direct)thatscientistsarethosewhopromotethesocialprogress.5．In18thcentury，the(invent)ofthesteamengineledtothefirstIndustrialRevolution.6．Weneedtoacceptthefactthatthesemoderninventionshavebroughtmuch(convenient)tous.7．Incontrast，thisconditionjustindicatesthatourlifeisconnectedmoderninventionsclosely.8．WhyIsayitnormalisbecauseIbelievethatnothingis(absolute)goodandrightforus.9．Exceptforthemoderninventionsoftransport，thereareplentyofotherthings，(include)robots.10．Wecandomanythingsthatwedidn’thavetheabilitytodointhepastby(use)robots.Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)11．Therobotswillbedesignedtolooklikepeopletomakethemattractiveandeasiertoselltothepublic.12．Acomputernetworkallowsuserstoshareresourcesincludingequipmentsandinformation.13．Butsomeonepointsoutitsdisadvantages，forexamples，ithassomuchjunkinformationthatbotherusalot.14．Ifourgovernmentdoitwell，IfullbelievethattheInternetwillprovidemoreconvenienceforus.15．Themoderntransportbenefitsourlife，thoughsomepeoplealsocriticizeitsothere’remanyaccidents.16．Actually，robotsofreallifealsohavedifferentkindsoffunctionsandtheygivetousmuchhelp.17．Weliveinanagewhichmoreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.18．Thenewtechnology，ifapplyingtoricegrowing，willhelpincreasethegrainoutput.19．Hethoughtthatthekeytofeedpeoplewastohavemorericeandtoproduceitmorequickly.20．Iwanttointroduceoneofthemostinfluentialmoderninventioninourlife—thecomputernetwork.n话题词汇1．advantagen．优势2．artificialadj.人造的，人工的3．negativeeffect负面影响4．breakthroughn．突破5．surftheInternet上网6．explorev．探索7．conveniencen．方便8．withthedevelopmentof...随着……的发展9．changeone’slife改变某人的生活10．drawbackn．缺点，不利条件能力提升Ⅲ.阅读理解A(2018·辽宁葫芦岛一模)AccordingtoanewresearchfromtheUniversityofCambridgeinEngland，sheepareabletorecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs.Thefarmanimals，whoaresocialandhavelargebrains，werepreviouslyknowntobeabletorecognizeoneanother，aswellasfamiliarhumans.However，theirabilitytorecognizehumanfacesfromphotosaloneisnovel.Therecentstudy，theresultsofwhichwerepublishedinthejournalRoyalSocietyshowedthatthewoollycreaturescouldbetrainedtorecognizestillimagesofhumanfaces，includingthoseofformerPresidentBarackObamaandactressEmmaWatson.Initially，thesheepweretrainedtoapproachcertainimagesbybeinggivenfoodrewards.Later，theywereabletorecognizetheimagesforwhichtheyhadbeenrewarded.Thesheepcouldevenrecognizeimagesoffacesshownatanangle，thoughtheirabilitytodosodeclinedbyabout15percent—thesamerateatwhichahuman’sabilitytoperformthesametaskdeclines.“Anyonewhohasspenttimeworkingwithsheepwillknowthattheyareintelligentandindividualanimalswhoareabletorecognizetheirhandlers.”saidProfessorJennyMorton，wholedtheCambridgestudy.“We’veshownwithourstudythatsheephaveadvancedfacerecognnitionabilities，closetothoseofhumansandmonkeys.”Recognizingfacesisoneofthemostimportantsocialskillsforhumanbeings，andsomedisordersofthebrain，includingHuntington’sdisease，affectthisability.“Sheeparelonglivedandhavebrainsthataresimilarinsizeandcomplexitytothoseofsomemonkeys.Thatmeanstheycanbeusefulmodelstohelpusunderstanddisordersofthebrain，suchasHuntington’sdiseasethatdevelopoveralongtimeandaffectcognitive(认知的)abilities.Ourstudygivesusanotherwaytomonitorhowtheseabilitieschange.”Mortonsaid.21．Accordingtothenewresearch，what’sunusualaboutsheep?A．Theyhavelargebrains.B．Theycanrecognizetheirowners.C．Theycantellanimalsfromhumans.D．Theycanrecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs.22．Howdidtheresearcherstrainthesheep?A．Bygivingfoodrewards.B．Byshowingphotosoffamouspeople.C．Byguidingthemtofollowtheirhandlers.D．Byshowingphotosofhumansandmonkeysbyturns.23．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Sheephaveahigherfacerecognitionabilitythanmonkeys.B．Thenewdiscoveryisofgreatbenefittothestudyofcognitiveabilitychanges.C．Thesheep’sfacerecognitionabilitymaypreventsomedisordersofthebrain.D．Thesheep’sfacerecognitionabilitystaysthesamewhenshownphotosatanyangle.24．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．AWonderfulScientistB．TheLifeofSheepC．ANewDiscoveryAboutSheepD．HowSheepRecognizeEachOtherB(2018·四川内江一模)Inrecentyears，carmanufacturers(制造商)havebeenputunderpressuretoinventavehiclethatisbothcheapertorunandbetterfortheenvironment.Oneofthefirstideasthatcarmanufacturerstriedwastoreplaceengineswhichrunonfossnil(化石)fuelswithelectricmotors.Unfortunately，thesevehicleshadseveraldisadvantagesandtheydidn’tsellverywell.Theproblemswerethatthebatteriesoftheseelectriccarsranoutveryquicklyandtookalongtimetorecharge.However，carmanufacturershaveimprovedtheconcept.Thisiswherethehybridcar，whichhasbothanelectricmotorandatraditionalpetrolengine，comesin.Theelectricmotorneverneedstoberechargedanditismuchbetterfortheplanetthanatraditionalcar.Inahybridcar，theengineiscontrolledbyacomputerwhichdetermineswhetherthecarrunsonpetrol，electricity，orboth.Whenthecarneedsmaximumpower，forexample，ifitisacceleratingorclimbingasteephill，itusesallofitsresources(资源)，butatsteadyspeedsitrunsonlyonpetrol.Whenslowingdownorbreaking，theelectricmotorrechargesitsbatteries.Hybridcarsarebetterfortheenvironmentbecausetheyhaveamuchsmallerenginethanatraditionalcar.Also，hybridcarsonthemarketaremadeusingmaterialssuchasaluminumandcarbonfiber，whichmakesthemextremelylight.Bothofthemmeanthattheyuselesspetrolthannormalcars，sotheyproducelesspollution.Ofcourse，hybridcarsaren’tperfect;theystillrunonfossilfuelsandsopollutetheenvironmenttoacertaindegree.However，theymaybethefirststepalongtheroadtocleaner，“greener”cars.Carmanufacturersarealreadyworkingonvehicleswhichrunonhydrogengivingoffharmlesswatervapor.Itlookslikewemightbeheadingintherightdirection.25．Whatcanweknowaboutthevehicleswhichranonelectricmotors?A．Theymovedveryfast.B．Theywereunpopular.C．Theirengineswereoftenreplaced.D．Theirengineswereexpensive.26．Howdoesthecomputerinahybridcarfunction?A．Itkeepsthecarrunningsteadily.B．Itdirectsthecartoclimbhills.C．Itdecideswheretopowerthecar.D．Itcontrolshowthecarusespower.27．WhatdoestheunderlinedpartrefertoinParagraph5?nA．Car’ssmallerengineandspecialmaterials.B．Electricmotorandpetrolengine.C．Hybridcarandhydrogencar.D．Aluminumandcarbonfiber.28．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．Cars’EnginesB．CarPollutionC．GreenCarsD．Cars’AdvantagesⅣ.完形填空IwasconfusedwhileIwaseatinglunchinarestauranttheotherday.IwassittingtherelookingatwhatI’d29andwonderedifanyoneelsecouldseethe30inmymind.I’maboutto31alotoffatandwashitdownwithadietsoda.WhatcanIsay？I’mtryingtolosesomeweight.32，Idothingslikethatallthetime，whichisprobablywhythepoundsare33soslowly.Ispendhalfanhouronthetreadmill(跑步机)andI34myselfwithpotatochips.I35thatIwillnolongereatthemagain，soIjusteatalotatthistime.Imakeitallthewaythroughtheentiredaydoingeverythingabsolutelyright，andthenatbedtime“justonechipwon’t36it”turnsinto“wheredidthatentirebagofpotatochipsgo？”Ofcourse，I37dowellwithmyweightlossprogram.OnceIputtogethertwofullweeksofeatingproperlyandexercising38.Iwasstartingtofeela(n)39.Icouldbendovertotiemyshoesmoreeasily.Butjustasitwasabouttobecomea40，Ienteredaperiodoflong，latenightsfilledwith41deadlines.Isatinfrontofmycomputer，eatingsnacksanddrinkingsodastohelpmestay42.Withinafewdays，thehabitofasensibleeatingandexercisingwasa43.Unfortunatebut44，Iwastootiredtogetonthetreadmill.45，Ihadworktodo，forwhichIneededalltheenergyIcould46.SoIstartedskippingexercisesessions.And47Istarteddoingso，itbecameeasiertoskipthem.Therearealwaysreasonsnottodothethingsthatwereallyshoulddo.Everyreasonisjustanother48.29．A.cookedB．orderedC．designedD．introduced30．A.battleB．competitionC．performanceD．practicen31．A.burnB．containC．loseD．consume32．A.SurprisinglyB．HappilyC．UnfortunatelyD．Hopefully33．A.comingoffB．passingawayC．takingoffD．turningaway34．A.equipB．connectC．presentD．reward35．A.agreeB．pretendC．imagineD．decide36．A.hurtB．countC．changeD．solve37．A.alwaysB．sometimesC．seldomD．never38．A.hardlyB．instantlyC．regularlyD．slightly39．A.urgeB．attractionC．differenceD．pain40．A.planB．habitC．gameD．hobby41．A.originalB．commonC．inspiringD．tight42．A.awakeB．calmC．healthyD．strong43．A.goalB．memoryC．realityD．trend44．A.unbelievableB．changeableC．understandableD．enjoyable45．A.ThereforeB．HoweverC．BesidesD．Otherwise46．A.lackB．saveC．showD．throw47．A.onceB．beforeC．unlessD．thoughn48．A.choiceB．faultC．causeD．excuse答案解析Ⅰ.1.toknow　2.to　3.hasbrought　4.directly　5.invention6．convenience　7.with　8.absolutely　9.including　10.usingⅡ.11.Therobotswillbedesignedtolooklikepeopletomakethemattractiveandeasiertoselltothepublic.12．Acomputernetworkallowsuserstoshareresourcesincludingandinformation.13．Butsomeonepointsoutitsdisadvantages，forexamples，ithassomuchjunkinformationthatusalot.14．Ifourgovernmentdoitwell，IbelievethattheInternetwillprovidemoreconvenienceforus.15．Themoderntransportbenefitsourlife，thoughsomepeoplealsocriticizeitthere’remanyaccidents.16．Actually，robotsofreallifealsohavedifferentkindsoffunctionsandtheygivetousmuchhelp.17．Weliveinanagemoreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.18．Thenewtechnology，iftoricegrowing，willhelpincreasethegrainoutput.n19．Hethoughtthatthekeytopeoplewastohavemorericeandtoproduceitmorequickly.20．Iwanttointroduceoneofthemostinfluentialmoderninourlife—thecomputernetwork.Ⅲ.21．D　[细节理解题。由第一段中的“sheepareabletorecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs”可知，绵羊的不寻常之处在于它们能够从照片中识别人脸，故选D。]22．A　[细节理解题。由第四段首句“Initially，thesheepweretrainedtoapproachcertainimagesbybeinggivenfoodrewards.”可知，研究人员通过给绵羊食物奖励来训练绵羊，故选A。]23．B　[推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Thatmeanstheycanbeusefulmodelstohelp...Ourstudygivesusanotherwaytomonitorhowtheseabilitieschange.”可以推断出，该项新发现有益于对认知能力改变的研究，故选B。]24．C　[标题归纳题。通读全文可知这篇文章主要讲了一项新的研究表明绵羊能够从照片中识别人脸，故选C。]25．B　[推理判断题。根据第二段第二、三句“Unfortunately，thesevehicleshadseveraldisadvantagesandtheydidn’tsellverywell.Theproblemswerethatthebatteriesoftheseelectriccarsranoutveryquicklyandtookalongtimetorecharge.”可知，这种电动汽车的电池很快就耗尽了，而且充电需要花很长时间，所以不受欢迎卖得不好。故选B。]26．D　[细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Inahybridcar，theengineiscontrolledbyacomputerwhichdetermineswhetherthecarrunsonpetrol，electricity，orboth.”可知，混合动力车的电脑决定该车是使用汽油、电力还是两者兼用。故选D。]27．A　[代词指代题。根据第五段中的“theyhaveamuchsmallerenginethanatraditionalcar”及“usingmaterialssuchasaluminumandcarbonfiber，whichmakesthemextremelylight”可知，更小的发动机和特殊的建造材料使混合动力车省油，所以Bothofthem指的是这两者，故选A。]n28．C　[标题归纳题。文章介绍了一种由电脑操控引擎、经济环保的混合动力汽车。C项(绿色环保车)概括了其主要优点，适合作为本文标题。]Ⅳ.语篇解读　作者想要减肥，但是他不断地摄入大量脂肪，又因为种种原因放弃了锻炼，最终减肥失败。29．B　[cook烹饪；order点菜，命令；design设计；introduce介绍。由上文中的“Iwaseatinglunchinarestaurant”可知，此处指作者看着自己“点的食物”。]30．A　[battle战斗；competition竞争；performance表演；practice练习。下一句提到作者摄入大量脂肪，又喝苏打水减肥，故可知作者非常矛盾，内心做着激烈的“斗争”。故A项正确。]31．D　[burn燃烧；contain包含；lose失去；consume吃，喝，饮。作者打算消耗掉大量的脂肪。故D项正确。]32．C　[surprisingly令人惊讶地；happily高兴地；unfortunately不幸地；hopefully有希望地。上一句提到作者想要减肥，但是不幸的是作者还不断地摄入大量脂肪，所以此处意为“不幸的是”。故C项正确。]33．A　[comeoff从……掉下；passaway去世；takeoff起飞；turnaway拒绝……进入。作者不断地摄入大量脂肪，这是作者体重下降慢的原因。故A项正确。]34．D　[equip装备，使具有；connect连接；present颁发，呈现；reward奖赏。作者在跑步机上锻炼半个小时后，用薯片来奖励自己。故D项正确。]35．D　[agree同意；pretend假装；imagine想象；decide决定。由后面的“soIjusteatalotatthistime”可知，作者决定以后再也不吃薯片了，所以只在这次吃很多的薯片。故D项正确。]36．A　[hurt危害，伤害；count数数；change改变；solve解决。作者认为只吃一片薯片不会妨碍自己减肥，这是作者为自己吃薯片找的借口。故A项正确。]37．B　[always一直，总是；sometimes有时候；seldom很少；never从不。由下一句“OnceIputtogethertwofullweeksofeatingproperly...”可知，作者有时候减肥计划实施得很好。故B项正确。]38．C　[hardly几乎不；instantly立即；regularly有规律地，定期地；slightly稍微地。由下文“Icouldbendovertotiemyshoesmoreneasily.”可知，作者的减肥计划曾经实施得很好。由此可知，作者曾经有两周坚持合理饮食并经常锻炼。故C项正确。]39．C　[urge迫切的要求；attraction吸引力；difference不同；pain痛苦。由下一句“Icouldbendovertotiemyshoesmoreeasily.”可知，作者弯腰系鞋带容易多了，说明作者开始感觉到不同了。故C项正确。]40．B　[plan计划；habit习惯；game游戏；hobby业余爱好。由该段最后一句中的“thehabitofasensibleeatingandexercising”可知，此处指正当合理饮食和经常锻炼即将成为一个习惯时。故B项正确。]41．D　[original最初的；common常见的；inspiring鼓舞人心的；tight紧的。由下一句作者熬夜工作可知，作者的工作期限很紧。故D项正确。]42．A　[awake醒着的；calm冷静的；healthy健康的；strong强壮的。作者通过吃零食、喝苏打水来保持清醒状态。故A项正确。]43．B　[goal目标；memory记忆；reality现实；trend趋势。熬夜使得作者没有再坚持合理的饮食和锻炼，所以合理的饮食和锻炼成为了一个“记忆”。故B项正确。]44．C　[unbelievable难以置信的；changeable易变的；understandable可理解的；enjoyable愉快的。作者太疲惫了以至于不能坚持锻炼，这虽然不幸但是可以理解。故C项正确。]45．C　[therefore因此；however但是；besides此外；otherwise否则。上一句提到作者太累以至于不能坚持锻炼。该句提到作者有大量工作要做。这都是作者放弃的原因，它们之间是并列关系，故C项正确。]46．B　[lack缺乏；save储存，节省；show展示；throw扔。大量的工作需要消耗作者所能储存的所有能量。故B项正确。]47．A　[once一旦；before以前；unless除非；though但是。一旦间断锻炼，以后就很容易经常间断。故A项正确。]48．D　[choice选择；fault缺点，过失；cause起因；excuse借口。作者认为我们总是能够找到理由不去做应该做的事。每一个理由都是为自己开脱的借口。故D项正确。]