高考英语大题精做05阅读理解七选五含解析新人教版 23页

阅读理解七选五一、《考试大纲》对阅读理解的主要要求1.掌握所读文章的主旨和大意以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节；2.既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念；3.既理解字面意思，也理解根据字面意思可以推断出来的没有明确说出的深沉含义，包括作者的态度、意图等；4.既理解某句、某段的意义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断；5.既能根据文章所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生自己应有的常识去理解。二、考试大纲对阅读理解七选五的要求试卷中题干表述如下：根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。阅读理解七选五，即给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。该类题型要求从短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其命题形式深受阅读多项选择题的影响，体现了《新课标》“用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语思维的能力。”的阅读学习和教学理念。七选五和传统题型完型填空有些类似，虽然完型填空题考查的是词汇层面，七选五考查的是句子层面，但是它们的考查方式是一样的，只要考生选择的答案能够使行文连贯，符合英文的语法以及习惯表达就行，因此，这两类题型在做题方法上有共同之处。该题型命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点，又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙，只是选项少，以句子形式出现，考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。从《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。”可以得出以下判断：该题备选项可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。三、阅读理解七选五题型的特点1.符合《英语课程标准》中“提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力”的要求和《2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 说明》中“如果希望准n确、深刻地理解一篇文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。”的要求。如果说通常意义上的高考英语完形填空题是词法和句法范围内的考查，它是语言表达的基本单位，属于语言的组织规律，那么阅读填空题就是章法范围内的考查，是语言使用的范畴，属于言语的组织规律，简单地说，前者侧重语言的结构—语法，而后者侧重语言的使用—章法。2. 注重考查学生的逻辑思维能力。阅读本质就是一种理解、吸收、鉴赏、评价文章的思维过程，新题型不但要求考生具备词汇、句子、语段、语篇等方面的知识，而且要有辨证、综合、分析、归纳方面的逻辑思维能力，是阅读的深层理解，也是阅读的核心和关键。3. 题材新颖，具有浓厚的时代气息和较高的真实性，与学生的学习经历和生活经历相适应，与新课程理念下的高考改革走向相适应，与高中英语教学实际相适应，遵循了《英语课程标准》的评价理念，保证了试题的效度、信度、真实性和公平性原则。附：近三年新课标全国卷高考七选五实况分析：年份卷别体裁题材话题2017年全国卷夹叙夹议文社会生活作者爱上了露营，建议读者找到适合自己的回归自然的方式全国卷II说明文社会生活几点避免工作时被打扰的建议全国卷III说明文社会生活如何帮助人们制订一个计划去调节生物钟，确保起床不再是一件令人头疼的事2016年全国卷I说明文文化科技密码的设置方法和破解的方法全国卷II说明文社会生活自己建设花园的具体建议全国卷III说明文社会生活买鱼和烧鱼的常识2015年全国卷I说明文人际关系重新建立人际关系中的信任全国卷II说明文社会生活马拉松的准备工作nPassage1（2017·新课标卷I）IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping,Iwouldhavelaughedheartily.Campers,inmyeyes,werepeoplewhoenjoyedinsectbites,ill-cookedmeals,anduncomfortablesleepingbags.Theyhadnothingincommonwithme.36Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer.37Wesleptinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork,recoveringfromabadcaseofsunburnandthedoctor’sbillformyson’sfoodpoisoning.Iwas,nevertheless,talkedintogoingonanotherfun-filledholidayinthewilderness.38Instead,wehadapop-upcamperwithcomfortablebedsandanairconditioner.Mynature-lovingfriendshadrememberedtobringallthenecessitiesoflife.39Wehavedonealotofitsince.Recently,weboughtatwenty-eight-foottraveltrailercompletewithabathroomandabuilt-inTVset.Thereisaseparatebedroom,amodernkitchenwitharefrigerator.Thetrailerevenhasmatchingcarpetandcurtains.40Itmustbetruethatsoonerorlater,everyonefindshisorherwaybacktonature.Irecommendthatyoufindyourwayinstyle.A.This time there was no tent.B.Things are going to be improved.C.The trip they took me on was a rough one.D.I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.E.I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.F.Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.nG.Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall.36.D【解析】根据前文可知三年前作者认为露营和自己无关，而后文中表明作者热爱露营，暗示此处作者对待露营的情感态度应该出现转变。D选项中的however表示转折。且IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping暗示作者态度的转变就在三年前，D选项中的sincethen“自从那时候起”和前文时间吻合。故选D。37.C【解析】根据后文Wesleptinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom可知作者第一次露营的条件很艰苦，C选项Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.中的rough暗示了这一点，符合语境。故选C。38.A【解析】根据上段中Wesleptinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom可知作者第一次露营时住帐篷，露天生火做饭，走很远的距离去洗澡、上厕所，条件很艰苦，而后文中Instead,wehadapop-upcamperwithcomfortablebedsandanairconditioner.说明作者第二次露营有床有空调。A选项Thistimetherewasnotent“这次没有帐篷了”暗示作者进行了第二次露营，而且条件比较好，符合语境。故选A。39.F【解析】根据后文weboughtatwenty-eight-foottraveltrailercompletewithabathroomandabuilt-inTVset.Thereisaseparatebedroom,amodernkitchenwitharefrigerator.Thetrailerevenhasmatchingcarpetandcurtains.可知作者一家为了露营买了房车，里面设备齐全，说明作者一家人是喜欢露营的。F选项Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping(那次露营之后，我的家人开始对露营感兴趣)符合语境，故选F。nPassage2（2017·新课标卷II）Interruptionsareoneoftheworstthingstodealwithwhileyou’retryingtogetworkdone.36,thereareseveralwaystohandlethings.Let’stakealookatthemnow.37.Tellthepersonyou’resorryandexplainthatyouhaveamillionthingstodoandthenaskifthetwoofyoucantalkatadifferenttime.Whenpeopletrytointerruptyou,havesethoursplannedandletthemknowtocomebackduringthattimeorthatyou’llfindthemthen.38.Itcanhelptoeliminate(消除)futureinterruptions.Whenyouneedtosomeone,don’tdoitinyourownoffice.39,it’smucheasiertoexcuseyourselftogetbacktoyourworkthanifyoutrytogetsomeoneoutofyourspaceevenafterexplaininghowbusyyouareIfyouhaveadoortoyouroffice,makegooduseofit.40.Ifsomeoneknocksandit’snotanimportantmatter.Excuseyourselfandletthepersonknowyou’rebusysotheycangetthehint(暗示)thanwhenthedoorisclosed,you’renottobedisturbed.A.Ifyou’rebusy,don’tfeelbadaboutsayingnoB.WhenyouwanttoavoidinterruptionsatworkC.SetboundariesforyourselfasyourtimegoesD.Ifyou’reintheotherperson’sofficeorinapublicareaE.It’simportantthatyouletthemknowwhenyou’llbeavailableF.ItmightseemunkindtocutpeopleshirtwhentheyinterruptyouG.Leaveitopenwhenyou’reavailabletotalkandcloseitwhenyou’renot【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。为避免工作被打断是一件令人感觉很糟糕的事，文章提出了几点建议，防止此类事件的发生。n37.A【解析】根据后文“Tellthepersonyou’resorryandexplainthatyouhaveamillionthingstodoandthenaskiftheofyoucantalkatadifferenttime”可知，学会在自己很忙的时候去拒绝别人。故选A。38.E【解析】根据横线前“havesethoursplannedandletthemknowtocomebackduringthattimeorthatyou’llfindthemthen”安排好时间，让他们知道你在什么时候回来，或者告诉他们，你会去找他们，再结合后文“Itcanhelptoeliminate(消除)futureinterruptions”可知选E。39.D【解析】根据后文“it’smucheaseiertoexcuseyourselftogetbacktoyourworkthanifyoutrytogetsomeoneoutofyourspaceevenafterexplaininghowbusyyouare”，此句中it指代前文“don’tdoitinyourownoffice.”，也就是说此段中作者认为比起在自己的办公室解释，不在自己的办公室更容易点。故选D。40.G【解析】根据“Ifyouhaveadoortoyouroffice,makegooduseofit.”可知，此段主要是讲述关于如何利用自己办公室的门来防止被打扰。故选G。Passage3（2017·新课标卷III）Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning,andputtheblameonthealarmclock.Infact,thekeytoeasymorningwake-upliesinrestingyourbodyclock.36Here’showtomakeone.●37Inordertomakeachange,youneedtodecidewhyit’simportant.Doyouwanttogetupintimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,getinsomeexercise,orjustbebetterpreparedforyourday?Onceyouareclearaboutyourreasons,tellyourfamilyorroommatesaboutthechangeyouwanttomake.●Rethinkmornings.Nowthatyouknowwhyyouwanttowakeup,considerre-arrangingyourmorningactivities.Ifyouwanttimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,savesometimethenightbeforebysettingoutclothes,shoes,andbags.38That’saquarter-hourmoreyoucouldbesleepingifyouboughtacoffeemakerwithatimer.●Keepyoursleep/wakescheduleonweekends.Ifyou’retiredoutbyFridaynnight,sleepinginonSaturdaycouldsoundwonderful.Butcompensatingontheweekendsactuallyfeedsintoyoursleepinessthefollowingweek,arecentstudyfound.39●Keeparecordandevaluateitweekly.Keeptrackofyoureffortsandwritedownhowyoufeel.Afteryou’vetriedanewmethodforaweek,takealookatyourrecord.40Ifnot,takeanotherlookatothermethodsyoucouldtry.A.Getasleepspecialist.B.Findtherightmotivation.C.Abetterplanforsleepcanhelp.D.Andconsidersettingasecondalarm.E.Ifthestepsyoutakeareworking,keepitup.F.Sticktoyoursetbedtimeandwake-uptime,nomattertheday.G.Reconsiderthe15minutesyouspendinlineatthecafetogetcoffee.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何帮助人们制订一个计划去调节生物钟，确保起床不再是一件令人头疼的事。38.G【解析】根据下句内容可知，作者建议人们买一个可以定时的咖啡机，这样可以节约15分钟的喝咖啡时间，能够多睡15分钟，文中的aquarter-hour和选项中的15minutes相呼应，是信息提示词。故选G。39.F【解析】根据段落的中心句可知，本段是建议人们在周末也要坚持自己的作息时间，由此推断出Sticktoyoursetbedtimeandwake-uptime,nomattertheday符合语境。故选F。40.E【解析】后句建议人们如果这样做没作用就尝试新办法，由此推断出该空与Ifnot对应，即如果有效果的话如何去做。故选E。Passage4（2017·北京卷）Everyanimalsleeps,butthereasonforthishasremainedfoggy.Whenlabratsarenotallowedtosleep,theydiewithinamonth.71nOneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories.72Weknowthat,whileawake,freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforcing(加强)connectionsbetweenbraincells,butthememoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear.Supportisgrowingforatheorythatsleepevolvedsothatconnectionsbetweenneurons(神经元)inthebraincanbeweakenedovernight,makingroomforfreshmemoriestoformthenextday.73Nowwehavethemostdirectevidenceyetthatheisright.74Thesynapsesinthemicetakenattheendofaperiodofsleepwere18percentsmallerthanthosetakenbeforesleep,showingthattheconnectionsbetweenneuronsweakenwhilesleeping.IfTononi’stheoryisright,itwouldexplainwhy,whenwemissanight’s,wefinditharderthenextdaytoconcentrateandlearnnewinformation—ourbrainsmayhavesmallerroomfornewexperiences.Theirresearchalsosuggestshowwemaybuildlastingmemoriesovertimeeventhoughthesynapsesbecomethinner.Theteamdiscoveredthatsomesynapsesseemtobeprotectedandstayedthesamesize.75“Youkeepwhatmatters,”Tononisays.A.Weshouldalsotrytosleepwellthenightbefore.B.It’sasifthebrainispreservingitsmostimportantmemories.C.Similarly,whenpeoplegoforafewdayswithoutsleeping,theygetsick.D.Theprocessestakeplacetostopourbrainsbecomingloadedwithmemories.E.That’swhystudentsdobetterintestsiftheygetachancetosleepafterlearning.F.“Sleepisthepricewepayforlearning,”saysGiulioTononi,whodevelopedtheidea.G.Tononi’steammeasuredthesizeoftheseconnections,orsynapses,inthebrainsof12mice.【文章大意】本文讲述了睡眠的重要性。n73.F【解析】根据下文中的he，可知此处要提到一个人，以及他的理论故选F。74.G【解析】根据下文中提到的关键词synapsesinthemice可知，他肯定做了老鼠的实验，答案为G。75.B【解析】根据后一句提到的Youkeepwhatmatters,你记住重要的东西，可知大脑会把最重要的记忆保存下来，故选B。模拟精做Passage1(陕西省西安市2017届高三下学期模拟)HowtoMakePlansMostpeoplegetscaredwhentalkingaboutplanningorwritingplans.1Andyouneedtoplanforsuccessasplanningreallyworksandinspiresyoutogostraightahead.However,howtocreateeffectiveplansisstillaproblem.Don’tworry,andjustfollowthestepsbelow.Step12Whatplanshaveyouhadinthepast?Probably,insomeofyourplans,youhaven’tendedupwhereyouthoughtyouweregoingtoendup.Getagoodunderstandingofwhatyouhavedoneandwhatyouhaven’tdoneinthepast.Itisaprimaryfoundationforyournewplan.Ifhavingnoplan,justtakeactionsandmakeplansrightnow.Step2ThinkabouttheWhat-IfsWhenyouarebuildingyourplans,youshouldconsiderwhereyouaregoingandmakecleartheWhat-Ifs.Becausenoteverythingjustgoessmoothlyasyoubelieve.3Step3DocumenttheplansWhenstartingtomakeplans,youshouldtrytowritethemdown.Itisofkeyimportanceforthefuture.4Inaddition,makesureyouhavethenplansfullywrittenoutwithallthekeyelementsconcerned,includingdetails.Step4UpdatetheplansAccordingtoyourwrittenplansandactualsituation,youshouldcheckouttheplansyouhavecompletedandhaven’tcompleted.5Makesurealltheassumptionsarethereandworkoutthedetails.Afterhangingonforsomedays,planningwillbegettingsimplerandeasier.A.ReviewhistoricalplansB.MakenewplansimmediatelyC.Actually,peoplearemorelikelytosucceedinaplannedwayD.Andyouneedtocontinuewhatyouhaven’tdoneandupdateitE.NotallpeoplecanmemorizeeverywordtheysaidandthoughtwellF.AndwhatyoushoulddonextistocheckyourplansmonthlyorquarterlyG.Foryourbenefits,youneedtomakePlanAandPlanBincaseofchangesandcontingencies(偶发事件).【语篇解读】本文就如何制定计划提出了一些建议。1.C【解析】根据后一句Andyouneedtoplanforsuccess（你需要制定计划来获得成功）可知，计划和成功之间的关系，而C项正好有这两个关键词，人们以有计划的方式行事就更有可能成功，故选C项。2.A【解析】根据本段第一句Whatplanshaveyouhadinthepast?问过去的计划，故本段的标题是关于过去的计划，A项有关键词：historicalplans，故答案为A。3.G【解析】根据空格前一句Becausenoteverythingjustgoessmoothlyasyoubelieve（并不是每件事都如你想的那样顺利），因此为了防止意外事件的发生，得多制定几个计划，正如G项中的PlanAandPlanB，G项意思与前一句衔接紧密，故选G。nPassage2(2017届河北衡水中学高三七调)Themeparkgetawaysarepopularwithfamilies,buttheysurelyaren’tcheap.Happily,therearesomegoldenrulesofticket-buyingthatapplytoprettymucheverythemepark,andtheycanhelpyouchipawayatthecostoftickets.1●Buyticketsonline.Nevereverpaythewalk-upticketpriceatathemepark.2.You’reguaranteedtosaveasignificantsum-sometimesasmuchas$$20perticket-evenforsame-daytickets.●Buyinadvance.3.Forinstance,Knott’sBerryFarminBuenaPark,California,slicesoff$$25perticketwhenyoumakeyourpurchaseatleastthreedaysahead.●4.Thisoneisauniversalno-brainer.Single-dayticketpricesatCedarPointinSandusky,Ohio,areabout30percentlessthanadmissiononSaturdaysandSundays.Butthebigbonusisthatlineswillbemuchshorter,allowingyoutospendlesstimewaitinginlinesandmoretimehavingfun.●Gointheafternoon.5.Forexample,Hersheypark’ssunsetticketsallowentryafter4pmor5pm,dependingontheday.You’llstillgetbetweenfourtosixhoursoffunbeforetheparkcloses,andyou’llpayupto50percentlessthanthefull-dayticketprice.A.Avoidweekends.B.Buymoreticketsthanyouneed.C.Herearesomewaystoloweryourthemeparkspending.D.Atlargerparks,you’llsavemoneywhenyoubuyapackage.E.Instead,visitthethemeparkwebsiteandprintoutyourticketsbeforeyougo.F.Someparksofferdeeplydiscountedticketsforvisitorsarrivinglaterintheday.nG.Mostthemeparksofferapricecutifyoubuyticketsatleastafewdaysbeforeyouarrive.【语篇解读】本文主要是介绍了一些购买主题公园门票的建议。2.E【解析】根据前一句Nevereverpaythewalk-upticketpriceatathemepark.可知不要去现场买，因此后文是建议去网站买，符合题意，选E。3.G【解析】根据此段标题Buyinadvance.是提前买，故G项符合提前买票的意思，为正确答案。4.A【解析】根据本段前两句Thisoneisauniversalno-brainer.Single-dayticketpricesatCedarPointinSandusky,Ohio,areabout30percentlessthanadmissiononSaturdaysandSundays.可知工作日很明显比周末更便宜，所以要避免周末去，选A。5.F【解析】根据本段标题Gointheafternoon.可知下午去会更便宜，故F项符合此段大意。Passage3（2017届河南豫南九校高三下期质量考评）Youmayhavegrownuplivingwithsistersandbrothers,orthismaybeyourfirsttimesharingyourlivingspacewithsomeoneelse.1.However,itcanalsobeagreatpartofyourcollegeexperience.Followthesetipstomakesureyouandyourroommatekeepthingspleasantandsupportivethroughouttheyear.Beclearfromthebeginning.Maybeyouhateitwhensomeoneinterruptsyouwhenyouaresleepingeverymorning.Maybeyouneedtenminutestoyourselfbeforetalkingtoanyoneafteryouwakeup.2.It’snotfairtoexpecthimorhertopickuponthemrightaway,andcommunicatingwhatyouneedisoneofthebestwaystogetridofproblemsbeforetheybecomeproblems.3.Thismayseemsimple,butit’sprobablyoneofthebiggestreasonswhyroommatesexperienceconflicts.Don’tyouthinkhe’llmindifyouborrowhisshoesforanquicksoccergame?Forallyouknow,youjuststeppedovertheline.Don’tborrow,use,ortakeanythingwithoutgettingpermissionfirst.Beopentochange.Youshouldexpecttolearnandgrowandchangeduringyourtimeatschool.4.Asthetermprogresses,realizethingswillchangeforbothofyou.Becomfortablesettingthingsthatunexpectedlycomeup,settingnewrules,andbeingflexibletoyourchangingenvironment.Followthegoldenrule.5Nomatterwhatyourrelationshipisattheendoftheyear,youcantakecomfortknowingyouactedlikeanadultandtreatedyourroommatewithrespect.A.Respectyourroommate’sthingsB.LetyourroommateknowaboutyourpreferencesC.Treatyourroommatelikeyou’dliketobetreatedD.LivingwitharoommateisreallyawonderfulthingE.HavingaroommatesurelyhasitschallengesF.YoushouldcorrectyourbadhabitsfirstG.Andthesameshouldhappentoyourroommate,ifallgoeswell【语篇解读】本文主要讲述跟室友相处应该注意的几件事，因为大学时期拥有室友和与室友相处是大部分人都会经历的一件事，不管愿意还是不愿意，我们都应该抱有一个良好的态度去对待大学的寝室生活，与室友友好相处。2.B【解析】根据下文It’snotfairtoexpecthimorhertopickuponthemrightaway,andcommunicatingwhatyouneedisoneofthebestwaystogetridofproblemsbeforetheybecomeproblems.＂可以看出，马上就指责他们是不公平的，而沟通则是最好的消除问题的方式，因此应该首先告诉他们你的喜好。故选B。3.A【解析】概括分析题。下面主要是讲室友之间的冲突大多是因为有没有尊重室友，比如你想要借室友的鞋去踢球，但首先你得先征求室友的同意，如果没有，那么就不要拿别人的东西。故选A。n4.G【解析】根据Youshouldexpecttolearnandgrowandchangeduringyourtimeatschool.＂可以看出你会期待你在学校的期间能够学习、成长和改变，而后文＂Asthetermprogresses,realizethingswillchangeforbothofyou.＂当学期进行时，要意识到你们两个都会改变。所以可以得知不仅是你想改变，而且你的室友也想。故选G。Passage4（2017届重庆市第八中学高三适应性考试）We’veallheardaboutthepowerofourattitude,andit’sourattitudethatdetermineshowmuchwesucceedinlife.Allthethingsthatyouhavebeenthrough,allthepeopleyouhavemetandinteractedwithcanhaveanimpactonyourattitude.Ifyouthinkthatallthesefactorshavemoldedyouintoapersonwithapoorattitudetowardslife,thereisnoneedtoworry.1.Identifyandunderstandwhatyouwanttochange.Thefirststeptowardschangeisclearlyunderstandingwhatneedstobechanged.2.Whenitcomestochangingyourattitude,youneedtodoanhonestandin-depthself-evaluationsoyoucouldpointoutexactlywhichofyourtraitsneedtobeimprovedortotallychanged.3.Findsomeonewhohasthekindofattitudethatyouwanttohave,andlethisorherlifegiveyouinspirationandencouragementtomovebeyondyourtemporaryfailuresinyourjourneytowardsbecomingabetterperson.Choosetherightcompany.Astheysay,＂Badcompanycorruptsgoodcharacter.＂Youdon’texpectyourselftobeabletochangeifyougoonsurroundingyourselfwithpeoplewhopossessallthenegativetraitsthatyouwanttochange.Considernbefriendingnewpeople,especiallythosewhoareoptimisticandhaveahealthyattitudetowardslife.4.Believethatyouareabletochange.5.Ifyoudon’tbelieveinyourselforbelievethatyouoryourlifecanchange,itjustwon’thappen—youwilleitherneverstart,orgiveupquicklythatyouwon’thaveevengivenyourselftheopportunitytosucceed.A.Lookforarolemodel.B.Thereisalwaysanopportunityforchange.C.Settingcleargoalsisthekeytosuccessinanyendeavor.D.Thinkabouthowyourattitudechangewillaffectyourlife.E.Thegreatestobstacleisourinabilitytotrustinwhatwecando.F.Yourefforttochangewillbeeasierwiththesepeopleasfriends.G.Fixyourmindonthethingsthatwouldcomeasaresultofyourattitudechange.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要说明积极的生活态度对人们产生的积极影响，以及建议人们去结交一些生活态度积极的人，并且相信自己，尽最大的努力去积极地生活。2.C【解析】根据上句：改变的第一步是清楚了解自己所需改变之处。再根据下文：改变你的态度，需要你做一个诚实而又深入的自我评价，你能指出具体哪些特质需要做出改进或需要做出彻底改变。由此可知，设定明确目标是努力成功的关键。故选C。3.A【解析】此空是小标题，根据小标题的特点，结合另三个小标题，可以确定此空应该是一个祈使句。再根据本段内容：找个拥有你想要的生活态度的模范，让他或她的生活给你灵感和鼓励，超越你的暂时失败而变成一个更优秀的人。故A项Lookforarolemodel(给自己找个榜样。)符合本段内容，故选A。4.Fn【解析】根据上文：如果你的周围还是围绕着一些消极的朋友，他们身上的缺点正是你想改变的，那你就别指望自己能够做出改变；考虑结交新朋友，特别是那些乐观又对生活有健康态度的人。可知与这类人交朋友你会发现你更容易努力做出改变。故选F。5.E【解析】根据下文：如果你不相信自己，或者不相信你的生活会改变，那就不会发生——你要么没打算开始，或者很快放弃，这样的话，你甚至都没有给自己成功的机会。此空作为首句，可知要表达的意思是：通常情况下，我们和我们的目标之间最大的障碍关键在于我们自己。故选E。Passage1NetworkWithEase　　Networkingisveryimportantinourdailylives.Oftenthebestjobsandopportunitiesarenotadvertisedbutfilledbywordofmouth.Withthisinmind,agoodideaistogoandfindthemyourself.Howisthisdone?Bythesimpleprocessofnetworking.Anumberofpeoplefeelnetworkingisawasteoftimeandithasnoeffectonpersonalrelationshipsorbeingsuccessfulinyourbusiness.　1　Relationshipsandbusinesshavebeenbuiltviathenetworkingprocessforhundredsofyears.Networkingisnotaboutmeetinghundredsofpeople,communicatingwiththemandthennevermeetingthemagain.It’saboutgettingtoknoweachotherandfindingoutifyouareabletomaketherelationshipbeneficialforbothofyou.Ifyouaren’tableto–thenseeifyoucanintroducethemtosomeonemorewell-matchedtotheirbusiness.　2　Onedayshedecidedtodonateoneofherarticlestothelocalnewspapersoitcouldbepublishedandpeoplearoundtheworldcouldhavethechancetoreadit.Thearticlefocusedonanevent,whichwascomingupandwashostedbyawoman’spublishinggroup.Thegroupnotonlylikedthearticle,butalsoappreciatedwhatshehaddone,sotheyrecommendedhertoanationalmagazine.　3　Thisexampleshowshownetworkingcanbedoneeasily,ifwellthoughtout.Touchingbasewithafewpeoplecaninfactleadtoreachingmany.n　4　Iheardastoryofsomeonerecommendingafriendforateachingpositionwithanonprofitorganization.Interestinglyenoughaftergettingtheposition,hereturnedthefavorbyreferringhisfriendintoajobhehadheardabout.Howfunnythingsworkout!Whenlookingforanewjob,itmaybeworthjoininganetworkinggroupfocusingonthesectorofbusinessyouareinterestedin.It’sagreatwaytomeetpeople,doresearchintocompaniesbyaskingquestionsofthosepeoplewhoworkthere.　5　Theexamplesaboveshowthatinordertonetworkeffectivelyandinanefficientmanner,youdonotneedtobeoutgoingorknowalotofpeople.Allitrequiresisbeingcreative,listeningwell,askingrelevantquestionsanddevelopingagoodreputationwithothers.Youwouldbeamazedathowmanydoorswillopenforyou.A.Thisconceptiscompletelyincorrect.B.Familyandfriendsaretheeasiestandbestwaytoincreaseyournetwork.C.Oftentheopportunitymayjustbewithinthatparticularnetworkinggroup.D.Sonow,notonlydoesshegettowriteregulararticles,shealsogetspaidforit.E.Gettingintouchwithyourfriendsandyourcolleaguesoftenhelpsyoubuildalargernetwork.F.Asimpleexampleofhoweasynetworkingcanbeistheexampleofawomanwhousedtolovewritingarticles.G.Byreferringyourfriendsorrelativeswhomyouthinkarewellsuitedforajobisanotherwaytonetwork.【语篇解读】人们对人际网有没有用处有不同的看法，作者认为我们可以通过人际网接触更多的人并找到适合的工作。n2.F【解析】根据下文＂Onedayshedecidedtodonateoneofherarticlestothelocalnewspaper＂可知，这里拿一个女性举例，F项Asimpleexampleofhoweasynetworkingcanbeistheexampleofawomanwhousedtolovewritingarticles.就是提出这个例子，承接下文。故选F。 3.D【解析】根据上文＂Thegroupnotonlylikedthearticle,butalsoappreciatedwhatshehaddone,sotheyrecommendedhertoanationalmagazine.＂可知，这个女子写的文章很受欢迎，下文应该是她得到什么益处，D项Sonow,notonlydoesshegettowriteregulararticles,shealsogetspaidforit.就是关于她的益处。故选D。4.G【解析】根据下文＂Interestinglyenoughaftergettingtheposition,hereturnedthefavorbyreferringhisfriendintoajobhehadheardabout.＂可知，上文是推荐你的朋友或亲戚做适合的工作。故选G。 5.C【解析】根据上文＂Whenlookingforanewjob,itmaybeworthjoininganetworkinggroupfocusingonthesectorofbusinessyouareinterestedin.＂anetworkinggroup是关键词。下文应该是C项：机会就在那个特殊的人际网群体里面。故选C。Passage2Lifegettingyoudown?Learntobounceback＂Thatwhichdoesnotkillusmakesusstronger.＂Nietzschesaid.Thereareanumberofwaysthatcangetusthroughtoughtimes,helpustobouncebackandmakeushappier.1Findsomethingyoucancontrol.2Buttakingsmall,positivestepsinanyareaofourlifecanhavearippleeffect,enablingustomoveforwardintheproblemarea.n3Asaspecies,wetendtofocusonwhat’swrongratherthanwhat’sright.Butwecanbenefitalotfrompayingattentiontowhat’sgoingright.Psychologistshaveshownconsciouslyfocusingonthesegoodthingshelpstoincreaseourexperienceofpositiveemotions.Checkyourthinking.4LeadingpsychologistMartinSeligmanfoundthatthewayweinterpretthecausesofeverydaysetbackscanhaveasignificantimpactonourabilitytocopeandourphysicalhealth.Healsoshowedwecanlearnmoreresilient(有弹性的)thinkingstyles.Distractyourself.Whenweareimmersedinaproblem,itishardtothinkcreativelyaboutwaystodealwithit.Itoftenhelpstotaketimeoutfromthethingsyouareworryingabout.5Notonlydoesthisgiveusabreakfromwhatwe’redoingandourworries,it’salsogreatforourminds.A.Alwaysdosomethingthatisright.B.It’struethattherearelotsofthingswecan’tcontrol.C.Aneffectivewayoftakingtimeoutisexercise.D.Nexttimeyouarefeelingstressedorstuck,givethematry.E.Focusonwhat’sright.F.Nexttimesomethinggoeswrongforyou,pauseforamoment.G.Thewaywethinkcandestroyourownresilience.【语篇解读】有时候生活中的诸多因素会给人们带来压力，让人心情沮丧。但是在困难的时候有很多方法可以帮助我们恢复原有的精神，让我们更加快乐。n3.E【解析】根据本段中的focuson，payattentionto等关键信息，尤其是第一句话可以判断选E。而A项的侧重点是让人们去做正确的事情，作为本段的小标题不合适。4.G【解析】根据段落小标题和下文内容可知本段讨论的是思维方式对人的影响，故选G。5.C【解析】前句内容是建议人们要学会从忧虑中走出来，后句提到这样做的好处，由此判断C项符合语境，故选C。Passage3Restaurantchefs,homecooks,andfoodies—peoplewholovegoodfood—oftensaythatweeatwithallofoursenses.First,weuseoursenseofsighttoappreciatehowamealispresented,eitheronadinnerplateoradiningtable.　1　Additionally,withoursenseofsmell,webreatheinthemouth-wateringsmellrisingupfromthemeal.Finally,weenjoythefoodwithoursenseoftaste.Butdoessoundalsoaffectourdiningexperience?AnewreportfromresearchersatBrighamYoungUniversitysaidyes.Hearingisoftencalled＂theforgottenfoodsense.＂saysRyanElder,andassistantprofessorofmarketingatBrighamYoungUniversity.　2　Ontheotherhand,watchingloudtelevisionorlisteningtoloudmusicwhileeatingcanhidesuchnoises.Andthiscouldleadtoovereating.Duringtheexperiments,thetestsubjectsworeheadphonesandlistenedtonoiseateitherahighorlowaudiolevel. 　3　Thestudyfoundthatsubjectswholistenedtothehighervolumenoiseatemorepretzelsthanthosewiththelowaudiolevels.Eldersaysthatwhenhidingthesoundsofeating,likewhenyouwatchtelevisionorlistentoloudmusicwhileeating,wetakeawaythesenseofhearing.　4　Theresearchersarecallingthisthe＂cruncheffect＂,whichtheyadmitmaynotseemlikemuchatonemeal.Butoveraweek,amonth,orayear,allthatfoodcanreallyaddup.Sohearingthesoundofeatingdoesreducetheamountoffoodyouconsume.　5　Hearingthenoisesofyourmealasyoueatcouldalsohelpyoutobemoremindfuloftheexperienceandperhapshelpyoutoenjoyitmore.A.Infact,beautifulfoodishealthierthanfoodthatdoesn’tlookappealing.nB.Butbesidesnotovereating,thereisanotherbenefit.C.Andthismaycauseyoutoeatmorethanyouwouldnormally.D.Thenresearchersgavethemahardsnack:pretzels.E.Oursenseoftouchcanalsobeimportantwhenpreparingorsharingfood.F.Henotesthatsoftandsweetsoundisthoughttoenhancethetasteoffood.G.Hesaysthatifpeoplenoticethesoundthefoodmakesastheyeatit,theymighteatless.【语篇解读】人们吃东西时，往往会有视觉、触觉、嗅觉及味觉的参与。但听觉的参与也是很重要的。如果能听吃东西时发出的声音，人们会吃的少点而且还会更关注吃的过程并有助于你更享受该过程。1.E【解析】该空上句提到我们吃东西时，会用到视觉；该空后面两句提到我们吃东西时会用到嗅觉和味觉，故此处表示在准备和享用食物时，触觉也重要，选E项。2.G【解析】该空上句提到了RyanElder，此处应具体叙述其观点，故选G项。 3.D【解析】该空下一句提到参与测试的对象吃pretzel，故此处表示研究人员给予他们一种较硬的零食　　　pretzel，选D项。Passage44KeyStrategiesforRunningtoLoseWeightAsoneofthemostactiveexercisesoutthere,runningisanextremelyefficientwaytoburncaloriesandloseweight.A150-poundpersonwillburnapproximately100caloriespermilewhenrunning.　1　1.HealthyEatingistheFirstStepIfyouwanttoloseweightbyrunning,keepinmindthatyou’llonlylosepoundsifyouburnmorecaloriesthanyouconsume.Toloseapound,youhavetoburn,throughexerciseorlifefunctions,about3500calories.　2　nRunnersdohavespecialnutritionneeds,butthebasicprinciplesforhealthyeatingstillapply.Trychoosingsmallerportionsofhigh-fatandhigh-caloriefoodsandeatingmorewholegrains,fruits,andvegetables.2.FollowatrainingscheduleStickingtoatrainingscheduleisasimplewaytostaymotivatedtorun.　3　Soit’smuchhardertopostponeorskipworkouts.Followingaschedulecanalsohelpyouavoidarunninginjurybynotincreasingyourmileagetooquickly.3.RunregularlyIfyoudon’twanttofollowaschedule,youstillneedtohavesomeconsistencywithyourrunningbecauseyouwon’tloseweightbyrunningonceaweek.It’sbesttogetsomeactivityeveryday.　4　Ifyoufindthatyourmotivationtorunissuffering,followsomenecessarytipstogetinspired.4.   　5　Incorporatingspeedworkorintervaltraining(runningataveryfastspeedforshortintervalsoftime)intoyourrunningroutinecanalsohelpyourweightlossefforts.Speedworkburnsagreatamountofcaloriesinashortperiodoftime.You’llalsoincreaseyourmusclemass,causingyoutoburnmorecaloriesthroughouttheday.A.KeepitchallengingB.EatforPerformanceC.You’llknowexactlywhatyouneedtodoeverydayandeachrunbuildsonthenext.D.Soyou’llneedtocombinerunningwithahealthydiet.E.Ifyou’rehopingtouserunningtoloseweight,here’ssomeadviceonhowtobesuccessful.F.Herearewaystoimproveyourrunningmotivation.G.Butifthat’snotpossible,trytoshootforatleast3-4timesperweek.【语篇解读】跑步是很好的减肥的方法，但是怎样才是正确的跑步方法，文章给出一些建议。n 2.D【解析】根据下文＂Runnersdohavespecialnutritionneeds,butthebasicprinciplesforhealthyeatingstillapply.＂可知这里是：你需要将跑步和健康饮食结合起来。故选D。 3.C【解析】根据上文＂Stickingtoatrainingscheduleisasimplewaytostaymotivatedtorun.＂可知这里是：你将知道你每天要做什么，每次跑步给下一次奠定基础。故选C。 4.G【解析】根据上文＂It’sbesttogetsomeactivityeveryday.＂可知这里是：如果那样不可能，每周至少锻炼三四次。故选G。 5.A【解析】根据下文＂Incorporatingspeedworkorintervaltraining＂可知这里是：要保持有一定挑战。故选A。