2020版高考英语一轮复习话题练第19练世界与环境练习 7页

第19练世界与环境基础巩固Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Theamountofwaterwhichissuitable____________(drink)islessandlessnow.2．Nowmoreandmorepeoplepaymoreattentiontohow____________(save)water.3．Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology，itbecomesmoreimportant____________(protect)ourenvironment.4．InChinaalotofriversandlakesare____________(serious)pollutedbysomefactories.5．Somewastewaterhasbeenpouredintoriversandlakes，____________(kill)alargenumberoffish.6．Ifeveryonemakesacontributiontoprotectingtheenvironment，theworld____________(become)muchmorebeautiful.7．Howtoprotectourenvironmenthasbeenoneofthemostdifficult____________(problem)intheworld.8．Weshouldplantmoreandmoretreesinordertolivebetterand____________(healthy)inthefuture.9．Itishightimethatthegovernment____________(take)somemeasurestoreducepollution.10．____________thewholethewarmingoftheearthisaphenomenonthatcausesgreatconcern.Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)11．Thegovernmentshouldtakeactiontostopthesefactoriesproduceharmfulgases.12．Asweallknow，environmentalproblemsdirectlyaffectaboutthequalityofpeople’slives.13．Ifwedon’tsavewater，lastdropofwaterwillbeateardropofus.14．Thevillagersurgedthegovernmenttotakeseveralmeasuretoreducetheheavypollution.15．Withouttheshadefromthetrees，theearthwouldgettoohottolive.16．Eachofusshouldtryourbesttoprotecttheearthsoitisourhome.17．Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors，mostofthemarebeyondourcontrol.18．You’dbeexposedtoalotlittlepollutionifyoumovedtoatownwithpurewaterandair.19．Nowadaysmanyfactoriesproducelargeamountsofchemicalsarepoisonoustohumanbeings.20．Nobodyknowsexactwhyandhowdinosaursdisappearedfromtheearthinsuchashorttime.话题词汇1．pollutionn．污染n2．atmospheren．大气，气氛3．consequencen．结果，后果4．attachgreatimportanceto...十分重视……5．beawareof...意识到……6．damagev．毁坏7．makeadifference有影响8．environmentn．环境9．sufferv．受苦，遭受10．causev．导致能力提升Ⅲ.阅读理解A(2018·安徽皖北协作区联考)Todaytropicalrainforestsaredisappearingfromthefaceoftheglobe.Despitegrowinginternationalconcern，rainforestscontinuetobedestroyedatapaceover80,000acresperday.Worldrainforestcovernowstandsataround2.5millionsquaremiles.Humanactivitieshavehadaneffectonmuchofthisremainingarea.Deforestation(森林滥伐)oftropicalrainforestshasaglobaleffectthroughspeciesextinction，thelossofimportantecosystemservicesandrenewableresources，andthereductionofcarbonsinks.However，thisdestructioncanbeslowed，stopped，andinsomecasesevenreversed(逆转)．Mostpeopleagreethattheproblemmustbesolved，butthemeansarenotassimpleasbuildingfencesaroundtheremainingrainforestsorbanningthewoodtrade.Economic，political，andsocialpressureswillnotallowrainforeststocontinuetoexistiftheyarecompletelyclosedofffromuseanddevelopment.So，whatshouldbedone？Thesolutionmustbebasedonwhatispractical，notcompletelyidealisticanddependsondevelopingaconservationapproachbuiltontheprincipleofsustainable(可持续的)useanddevelopmentofrainforests.Beyondtheresponsibledevelopmentofrainforests，effortstorestoredamagedforestlandsalongwiththeestablishmentofprotectedareasarekeytosecuringrainforestsforthelongtermbenefitstheycanprovideformankind.nHistoricapproachestorainforestconservationhavefailed，asshownbytheincreasedrateofdeforestation.Inmanyregions，closingoffforestsasuntouchableparksandreserveshasneitherimprovedthequalityoflivingoreconomicopportunitiesfortheruralpoor，norstoppedforestclearingbyillegalwoodcuttersanddevelopers.Theproblemwiththistraditionalapproachtopreservingwildlandsindevelopingcountriesisthatitfailstodeveloppropereconomicmotivesforpreservingtheforest.Localpeopleandthegovernmentitselfmustseefinancialreturnstoprovethecostsofmaintainingparksfromeconomicactivities.21．Whathascausedsomespeciesextinctioninthetropicalrainforests?A．Humans’destroyingthetrees.B．Carbonsinksbeingreduced.C．Lackingrenewableresources.D．Fencesnotbeingbuiltaroundtherainforests.22．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Tropicalrainforestscanbeeasilypreserved.B．Rainforestsmustbeclosedofftobebetterprotected.C．Humanactivitieshavehadaneffectontropicalrainforests.D．Economicreturnscanmakeadifferenceinprotectingtropicalrainforests.23．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetotropicalrainforestprotection?A．Indifferent.B．Concerned.C．Doubtful.D．Puzzled.24．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．Toshowthebadeffectsofdeforestation.B．Tostresstheimportanceoftherainforests.C．Toappealforrightwaystosavetherainforests.D．Tointroducethefactofforestsdisappearing.BForcenturies，elephantshaveplayedabigroleintheworld’seconomies，culturesandreligions.TheAfricanelephantsusedtobefoundalloverAfricaandtheAsianelephantsmovedfromSyriatoChinatoIndonesia.Nowadays，elephantsarefoundinsmallgroupsinthesouthoftheSaharaDesertandscarcelyinSoutheastAsia，SriLankaandIndia.Intheearlytwentiethcentury，therewereclosetotenmillionelephants，nandnowtheelephantnumberisaslowas252,000andexpectedtodropdownto160,000by2025.Between2007and2014，theelephantpopulationfellbyatleast30%，or144,000elephants.AsresearchershavetraveledovertheAfricanplains，theyonlyspottedoneherdof36elephantsinanarealikethesizeofMexico.Itisclearthatthesegentlemammalsaredisappearingrightbeforeoureyes.Therearemanyreasonswhytheelephantpopulationhasbeendecreasing，oneofwhichistheirhabitat.Humansarecompetingwithelephantsforlivingspace，andasmoreandmorehumansclearthelandthatisbeingusedbyelephants，theelephantshavelessspace.Elephanthuntingor“poaching”hasbeenamajorfactorforthedisappearanceofthisspecies，andtheyarekilledonlyfortheirvaluableivorytusks.Althoughthetradeoftusksisillegal，itisstillacommonpracticeinmanyplaces.Often，allthelocalpeoplelivingamongelephantswouldbefarmers，andfoundthattheycouldmakemoremoneybysellingthetusksofoneelephantthandoingmanuallaborfortwelveyears.Thatalonemakesitreallyhardtopreventthemfromkillingtheelephants.SomeplacessuchasBotswana，haveputinextraefforttoprotecttheirwildlifefrompoachersbyfoundingtheirBotswanaDefenseForce，whichismadeupofaround700speciallytrainedsoldiersthatarestationedin40differentareas.Youmayfeelworriedaboutthepresentsituationselephantsarein，buttherearewaystohelp.Tofindouthowyoucanhelpelephantconservation，adoptanelephant，ordonate，clickhere.25．ThenumberslistedinParagraph2showthat________.A．humansdon’tcareforelephantsB．elephantshavebeennexttoextinctionC．elephantshavebecomegentlerthanbeforeD．elephantshavegainedmoreattention26．Whatisthebiggestfactorforthedisappearingelephants?A．Lessspace.　B．Alackoffood.C．Sufferingfromadisease.　D．Elephanthunting.27．Whyisithardtobankillingtheelephantsamongthefarmers?A．Theirtusksareprofitable.B．Elephantsaredestroyingtheirfieldscruelly.nC．Farmershopetomakealivingbysellingtheirmeat.D．Farmerspracticetheirhuntingskillsbykillingelephants.28．Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A．Topersuadereaderstomakeadonation.B．Toguidereadershowtoprotectelephants.C．Toencouragereaderstohelpprotectelephants.D．Tointroducethedecreasingnumberofelephants.Ⅳ.短文改错(2018·广东湛江二模)Whatissomethingyoucan’tseebutisallaroundyou？Whatholdanairplaneinthesky？Theanswerwithallthesequestionsisair.Thoughyoucan’tseeair，butyouknowit’sthere.Youcanfeelthem.Airisamixtureofinvisiblegas.Putyourhandsonyourchestandtakedeepbreath.Whathappens？Yourchestrisessoyourlungsarefilledwithair.Also，thetiresonbikes，cars，trucksandbusesneedairtokeeproll.Theatmosphereblocksoutmuchofthesun’sharmfulrays.Theatmospheretrapstheheatfromthesun.Itmakesourworldwarmlyenoughforlifetogrow.答案解析Ⅰ.1.todrink　2.tosave　3.toprotect　4.seriously　5.killing6．willbecome　7.problems　8.healthier　9.shouldtake/took10．OnⅡ.11.Thegovernmentshouldtakeactiontostopthesefactoriesharmfulgases.12．Asweallknow，environmentalproblemsdirectlyaffectaboutthequalityofpeople’slives.13．Ifwedon’tsavewater，lastdropofwaterwillbeateardropofus.14．Thevillagersurgedthegovernmenttotakeseveraltoreducetheheavypollution.15．Withouttheshadefromthetrees，theearthwouldgettoohottolive.16．Eachofusshouldtryourbesttoprotecttheearthitisourhome.17．Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors，nmostofarebeyondourcontrol.18．You’dbeexposedtoalotpollutionifyoumovedtoatownwithpurewaterandair.19．Nowadaysmanyfactoriesproducelargeamountsofchemicalsarepoisonoustohumanbeings.20．Nobodyknowswhyandhowdinosaursdisappearedfromtheearthinsuchashorttime.Ⅲ.语篇解读　如今，热带雨林正面临严重的生存危机，为世界敲响了环保警钟。人类应采取更加实际、有效的措施来保护热带雨林。21．A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Deforestation(森林滥伐)oftropicalrainforestshasaglobaleffectthroughspeciesextinction”可知，人类对热带雨林的滥砍滥伐导致热带雨林一些物种的灭绝。故选A。]22．D　[推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Economic，political，andsocialpressureswillnotallowrainforeststocontinuetoexistiftheyarecompletelyclosedofffromuseanddevelopment.”可推知经济效益对保护热带雨林有一定影响。故选D。]23．B　[观点态度题。根据第二段和第四段的内容可知，作者讲述了热带雨林正在消失的现状并提出了一些保护措施已经无效的问题。由此可以推断出作者对热带雨林保护持担忧的态度。故选B。]24．C　[写作目的题。通读全文并根据最后两段可知，作者认为传统的保护热带雨林的方法无效，呼吁大家分享合适的保护措施。故选C。]语篇解读　本文主要讲了大象在经济、文化和宗教上都起了很重要的作用，而现在由于种种原因，大象的数量在急剧减少。作者在这里呼吁人们保护野生大象。25．B　[推理判断题。根据第二段的数据252000,160000,144000,36可知，大象的数量在不断地减少，所以它们有濒临灭绝的危险。故选B。]26．D　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Elephanthuntingor‘poaching’hasbeenamajorfactorforthedisappearanceofthisspecies，andtheyarekilledonlyfortheirvaluableivorytusks.”可知，导致大象灭绝最主要的原因是人类对大象的捕杀。故选D。]n27．A　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的内容可知，农民捕杀大象的现象很难被禁止的原因是象牙很赚钱。故选A。]28．C　[写作目的题。通读全文尤其是文中最后一段的最后两句可知，作者写作本文是想鼓励人们保护大象。故选C。]Ⅳ.Whatissomethingyoucan’tseebutisallaroundyou？Whatanairplaneinthesky？Theanswerallthesequestionsisair.Thoughyoucan’tseeair，butyouknowit’sthere.Youcanfeel.Airisamixtureofinvisible.Putyourhandsonyourchestandtakedeepbreath.Whathappens？Yourchestrisesyourlungsarefilledwithair.Also，thetiresonbikes，cars，trucksandbusesneedairtokeep.Theatmosphereblocksoutofthesun’sharmfulrays.Theatmospheretrapstheheatfromthesun.Itmakesourworldenoughforlifetogrow.