2020版高考英语一轮复习语法练第1练名词练习 8页

第1练名词基础巩固Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Unfortunately，deepworrybegantodestroymy(confident)gradually.2．HearingofAlan’sdeath，Ithought，“Whatacomplete(fail)！”3．It’sreallymy(please)tohavetoldyousomethingaboutthisoldcity.4．Hepushedandpulledwithallhis(strong)tomovetheheavystone.5．Portman’seducationalbackgroundhasinfluencedoneofher(project)．6．Ihaveastrong(believe)thatonedaystudentscanbuythesetickets，too.7．Girlsareluckierthanboys;theyhavemoreflexible(choose)thanboys.8．TeaonlymadeitswaytoEnglandinlarge(quantity)inthefirstyearsofthe17thcentury.9．Heasked(permit)tointroducehisfriend，whosenamewasMrWhite.10．Andafter(graduate)in2018，shewenttotheUSAforfurthereducation.Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)11．AbigstormdestroyedtwovillagesinSouthAfricalastFriday，causingfourdeath.12．Afterall，helpingpeopleinneedisagoodwaytoobtainjoyandhappy.13．Beforelong，IcouldspeakEnglishwellandIalsomadegreatprogressesinmywrittenEnglish.14．Wecouldn’tfindahotelbecausetherewerequitealotoftouristinthisoldcity.15．Intherushhour，thereweresomanycarsandbusontheroad，soIwasstuck.16．Intheend，shedecidedtoseethewisemaninthisvillagetoaskforsomeadvices.17．Thegirltoldmethatshehadneverreadthefamouswriternovelbutshehadheardofthename.18．Afterthatwe’llhavesomefunstogether，singing，dancingandplayinggames.19．Afteratenminuteswalk，thesepeoplearrivedatthefamousvillage.20．HegavemealltheencouragementsIneededtobeabletocarryon.技法总结在语法填空中1．查看句子结构。弄清所填的词在句中充当什么成分。如果充当主语、宾语，必须用名词或代词形式；充当表语、定语等则要认真考虑。2．查看修饰语。一是通过观察空格前是否有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、动词、介词等分析所填词是否是名词；二是考虑固定短语或固定搭配。3．确定名词形式。根据提示词考虑词形变化，即名词的单复数形式、所有格等。在短文改错中n短文改错主要通过对句子结构及修饰语的理解考查名词的单复数或所有格。设题主要有三种形式：(1)名词复数误用单数形式；(2)不可数名词误用复数形式；(3复数形式错误。为此，可从三方面入手：(1)查看名词前的修饰语，确定名词单复数形式。若有超过1的基数词：many，(a)few，several，couple等修饰，后面的名词用复数形式。(2)查看谓语动词的形式，确定名词单复数形式。若谓语动词为are，were，have等，作主语的可数名词用复数形式。(3)查看名词的复数形式，确定复数形式是否正确。特别注意不规则名词的变化情况。能力提升Ⅲ.阅读理解A(2018·山东聊城一模)StrongestFemaleLiteraryCharactersofAllTimeTherearesomeofhistory’smostinspiringandgreatestfemaleswhocanbefoundonthepagesofthesenovels.ElizabethBennetCalled“Lizzie”or“Eliza”byherfamilyandfriends，ElizabethBennetisthestubbornandcleverheroinefromthe1813JaneAusten’snovelPrideandPrejudice.She’sthesecondeldestoffivedaughtersintheBennetfamilyand，liketherestofhersisters，sheisexpectedtomarryforstatusandmoney，notforlove.Toremaintruetoherself，shewouldratherremainsingle，aconceptthatwasunheardatthetime.NancyDrewShefirstappearedinthe1930sbutremainsoneofthemosticonicfemalecharactersinallofliterature.CreatedbyEdwardStratemeyer，NancyDrewwasn’tsimplyaprettygirl.Instead，thebold，physicallystrong，andfiercelyintelligentNancyusedhersuperiorintelligence—notherlooks—tosolveaseriesofmysteries.JosephineMarchJoMarchisthesecondeldestdaughterintheMarchfamilyandisacentralfocusinthenovelnLittleWomen，publishedbyLouisaMayAlcottin1868.At15，sheisstrongwilled，confident，andliteraryandunlikehersisters，sheisoutspokenanduninterestedinmarriage.Jobothstruggleswithandchallengessociety’sexpectationsofhowwomeninthe19thcenturyshouldcarrythemselves，makingheroneofliterature’smostdaringfemalecharacters.HesterPrynneRecognizedbysomecriticsasoneofthemostimportantcharactersinfemaleliterature，HesterPrynneistheleadingcharacterinNathanielHawthorne’s1850novel，TheScarletLetter.Marriedbutseparatedbydistancefromherhusband，Hesterhasanaffairwithaministerandbecomespregnant.21．WhywouldElizabethBennetratherremainsingle?A．Sheistoostubborn.B．Shedoesn’twanttocheatherself.C．Shedoesn’twanttomarryforlove.D．Sheistheeldestdaughterofthefamily.22．WhatisNancyDrewlike?A．Kind.B．Outspoken.C．Clever.D．Proud.23．WhocreatedJosephineMarch?A．JaneAusten.B．EdwardStratemeyer.C．LouisaMayAlcott.D．NathanielHawthorne.24．Whatistherightorderofthetimethesefemalesappearedinnovels?a．ElizabethBennetb．NancyDrewc．JosephineMarchd．HesterPrynneA．dcab.B．adbc.C．cdba.D．adcb.B(2018·百校联盟联考)Dealingwithobesityisdifficult.Alotoffactorssuchasethnicity，genetics，lifestyle，andpersonalhabitsshouldbeconsideredinthemanagementofobesity.Obesity，ifnotproperlymanaged，canleadtoalotofhealthproblemsthatmaylaterevolveintolifethreateningdiseases.nThemanagementofobesitymostlyfocusesonlifestylechanges.Reachingyourhealthyweightinvolvespropermanagementofyourdietandexercise.Theobesepersonmayseekthehelpofadietitianorapersonaltrainer.Therearealotofdietsthathavegainedpopularity.However，itisbestthatyouconsultyourdietitianonwhatisbestforyou.Furthermore，yourdietitianwouldconsideryourfoodpreferences.Ifyouarealittlelowinthebudget，takeintoconsiderationthecurrentdietaryrecommendationsthatarebasedonthefoodpyramid.ThisisresearchableontheInternet.Youcanusethisasaguideonhowmuchyouaresupposedtoeat.Exercisehasalotofbenefits.Itburnsthoseextracaloriesandpreventsdifferenthealthproblemsfromoccurring.Thus，exerciseisvitalifyouwishtoloseweight.Peopleareoftentoolazytoengageinexercise.However，therearenumerousalternativestotheusualexerciseroutine.Ifyouwantthingstobeplain，walkingorbikingisagoodexercise.Itisimportantthatyousticktoyourexerciseplansothatyouwouldachieveyourdesiredresults.However，youmustsetrealisticgoalssoasnottobedisappointed.Behavioralchangesarevitaltoconqueringobesity.Thosewhoengageincrashdietsaremostlyunsuccessfulinweightmanagementbecausetheydonothaveanybehavioralchange.Sedentarylifestylecontributestoweightgain.Perhapsaddingphysicalactivitytoyourschedulewouldhelpinweightmanagement.Physicalactivitycouldbeassimpleasdancingaroundthehouseorjustplainstrollingalongthemall.25．Whyisobesityasevereproblem?A．Itmaythreatenyourlife.B．Itcaninfluenceyourwork.C．Itmaymakeyoulookunattractive.D．Itcanpreventyoufromplayingsports.26．Whatshouldyoudoifyoudon’thavemuchmoney?A．Turntoanexpert.B．Refertoeatingadvice.C．Mainlyeatenergygivingfood.D．Seldomhavenutritiousfood.27．Whyshouldyousetpracticalaims?A．Youwillneverfeeldisappointed.nB．Theywillmakeyougoon.C．Youwillcarryoutsimplethings.D．Theywillmakeyoufeelrelaxed.28．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Sedentary”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Unhealthy.B．Overeating.C．Unchangeable.D．Inactive.Ⅳ.七选五(2018·湖北八校第一次联考)Peopleoftensayyounevergetasecondchancetomakeafirstimpression，andthat’sactuallyquitetrue.29Afterall，makingagoodfirstimpressionisallaboutmakingothersfeelgoodwhenspendingtimewiththem.Thefollowingtipswillhelpyoumakeapositiveimpressioneverytime.•Dressappropriately30Thatmeansdressinguporputtingonnice，clean，situationappropriateclothesforsocialsituations.Itisn’tdifficultanditdoesn’thavetocostyoumuch，either.•BeawareofyourbodylanguageWordsexpressverylittleofwhatyousay.Bodylanguagecantellsomeonealotaboutyourmoodandconfidencelevel.31Eyecontactisaneasywaytomakeothersfeelcomfortable，importantandspecial.Nervousbodylanguagecanmakeothersuncomfortableandanxious.Trytobeawareofyourbodylanguagewhencommunicatingwithothers.•RespecttheopinionsofothersNoteveryonewillhavethesameopinionwithyou，andfriendlydisagreementscanbeagatewaytoagreatconversation.Respectotherpeople’srighttohavetheirownopinion.Respecttheopinionsofothersevenifyoudisagreewiththem.32•33Peoplelovetalkingaboutthemselves，butgenerally，youwanttobecarefuloftakingovertheconversation.Bylisteningcarefullytowhatothersaresaying，youarenotonlymakingthemfeelimportant，butyoucangathercluesyouneedtokeeptheconversationgoingandbridgetonewtopics.A．BeacarefullistenerB．Showaninterestineverypersonyoumeet.C．Smileespeciallywhenfirstmeetingsomeone.D．Makesureyoulooknicewheneveryoumeetsomeonenew.nE．Meetingnewpeopleandstartingconversationsisoftenchallenging.F．Otherswillwanttobewithyouandhelpyoumakeagoodimpression.G．Don’tforceotherstobelievewhatyoubelieveortoseethingsonlyasyouseethem.答案解析Ⅰ.1.confidence　2.failure　3.pleasure　4.strength　5.projects　6.belief　7.choices　8.quantities　9.permission　10.graduationⅡ.11.AbigstormdestroyedtwovillagesinSouthAfricalastFriday，causingfour.12．Afterall，helpingpeopleinneedisagoodwaytoobtainjoyand.13．Beforelong，IcouldspeakEnglishwellandIalsomadegreatinmywrittenEnglish.14．Wecouldn’tfindahotelbecausetherewerequitealotofinthisoldcity.15．Intherushhour，thereweresomanycarsandontheroad，soIwasstuck.16．Intheend，shedecidedtoseethewisemaninthisvillagetoaskforsome.17．Thegirltoldmethatshehadneverreadthefamousnovelbutshehadheardofthename.18．Afterthatwe’llhavesometogether，singing，dancingandplayinggames.19．Afteratenwalk，thesepeoplearrivedatthefamousvillage.n20．HegavemealltheIneededtobeabletocarryon.Ⅲ.21．B　[细节理解题。根据ElizabethBennet中“Toremaintruetoherself，shewouldratherremainsingle，aconceptthatwasunheardatthetime.”可知，伊丽莎白·班纳特不想为金钱和地位结婚，不想欺骗自己，所以她宁愿保持单身。故选B。]22．C　[细节理解题。根据NancyDrew中的“Instead，thebold，physicallystrong，andfiercelyintelligentNancyusedhersuperiorintelligence—notherlooks—tosolveaseriesofmysteries.”可知，南茜·朱尔勇敢、强壮且聪明，故选C。]23．C　[细节理解题。根据JosephineMarch中的“JoMarchisthesecondeldestdaughterintheMarchfamilyandisacentralfocusinthenovelLittleWomen，publishedbyLouisaMayAlcottin1868.”可知，乔·马奇是露易莎·梅·奥尔科特在1868年出版的小说《小妇人》中的中心人物。故选C。]24．D　[细节理解题。通读全文可知，每个人物出现的时间排列顺序为ElizabethBennet(1813)；HesterPrynne(1850)；JosephineMarch(1868)；NancyDrew(1930s)，故选D。]语篇解读　肥胖会导致很多健康问题，甚至会威胁生命安全，所以它是一个值得认真对待的问题。本文建议人们从几个方面进行肥胖问题的自我管理，包括饮食、锻炼、行为习惯的改变和生活方式的选择等。25．A　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Obesity，ifnotproperlymanaged，canleadtoalotofhealthproblemsthatmaylaterevolveintolifethreateningdiseases.”可知，肥胖会导致健康问题，甚至会发展成为威胁生命安全的疾病。故选A。]26．B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Ifyouarealittlelowinthebudget，takeintoconsiderationthecurrentdietaryrecommendationsthatarebasedonthefoodpyramid.ThisisresearchableontheInternet.”可知，如果你预算紧张(资金不够)，可以考虑基于食物金字塔的饮食推荐，那些都可以在网上搜到。故选B。]27．B　[细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“However，youmustsetrealisticgoalssoasnottobedisappointed.”可知，在锻炼时，要设置合理的目标，那样就不至于失望，也就是说会有继续坚持的动力。B选项Theywillmakeyougoon(他们将会使你继续坚持)符合语境，故选B。]28．D　[词义猜测题。根据“Sedentarylifestylecontributestoweightgain.”可知，这种生活方式会让人长胖。再结合后文中的“Perhapsaddingphysicalactivitytoyournschedulewouldhelpinweightmanagement.”可知，增加身体运动会有助于管理体重。说明前面那种生活方式就是“缺少身体锻炼的，不活跃的”。D选项inactive表示“不活跃的，不积极的”。故选D。]Ⅳ.语篇解读　本文介绍了如何给人留下一个好的第一印象的四点建议。29．E　[根据下文“Afterall，makingagoodfirstimpressionisallaboutmakingothersfeelgoodwhenspendingtimewiththem.”可知，遇到新的人开始对话总是有挑战的，故选E。]30．D　[根据小标题和下文“Thatmeansdressinguporputtingonnice，clean，situationappropriateclothesforsocialsituations.”可知，出席社交场合要注意着装的恰当，所以D项(无论什么时候与新朋友见面，都要让自己看上去很好)符合题意。]31．C　[根据上文“Bodylanguagecantellsomeonealotaboutyourmoodandconfidencelevel.”可知本段强调的是身体语言所起的作用，观察备选项可知，C项(第一次见面要微笑)符合题意。]32．G　[根据上文“Respecttheopinionsofothersevenifyoudisagreewiththem.(即使你不同意，也要尊重别人的观点)”可知G项(不要强迫别人相信你相信的，或者以你的角度看待事情。)符合题意。]33．A　[根据下文“Bylisteningcarefullytowhatothersaresaying，youarenotonlymakingthemfeelimportant，butyoucangathercluesyouneedtokeeptheconversationgoingandbridgetonewtopics.”可知，本段说的是“倾听”的重要性，故选A项(做一个仔细的倾听者)。]