广西课标版2019版高考英语大二轮专题复习阅读理解专题突破练习3 12页

阅读理解专题突破练3第一节A体裁:应用文　　词数:285　　用时:6分钟(2017重庆西北狼教育联盟第一期联考)EFPCoursesprovidecoursesinEnglishlanguageandBritishculture.Ourcoursesareaimedatstudentsagedbetween12and17whoareatpre-intermediateleveloraboveinEnglish.ThecoursesareheldinGuildford,ahistorictownnearLondon.Typicalstructureofaone-weekcourse•upto25hoursofEnglishrunbynativespeakers,qualifiedinteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguageandspecialistdramateachers•2full-daysightseeingtripstoLondonandOxford(atweekends)•fullboard(全食宿)withlocal,English-speakingfamiliesWhenwerunthecoursesEFPcoursescanbeorganizedonlyduringBritishstateschoolterms.Forthisacademicyear,coursescanbebookedbetweennowand23Mayandbetween30Mayand30June.Wewelcomeyoutobookfrom3Septemberto25Octoberandfrom31Octoberto20December.WhychooseEFPcourses•inadditiontoourstandardEnglishclasses,wealsorundramaandexpressionEnglishclasses,taughtbyspecialistdramateachersn•weexposeourstudentstoBritishculturefortheentirelengthofthecourse•wetailorcoursestoeachgroup’sneeds,creatingauniqueexperienceforourstudents.Notethatanychangestoourcoursesaremadewithinreasonandonlyifallparticipantsfromagroupsharethesamelanguagelevel.Pleaseseefurtherdetailsonourwebsite.LengthofacourseEFPcoursesrunforeitheroneortwoweeksdependingonthespecificrequirementsforyourgroup.HowtoapplyPleaseregisteryourinterestbysendinganemail.Bycontactingusbeforeyoumakeanytravelarrangementsyouensurethatwecanputyourgrouponthedatesthatyourequire.SeeyouinGuildfordsoon!【解题导语】本文是一篇广告类应用文,介绍了EFP课程的内容、对象、课时安排、授课时长、申请方法等信息。1.WhatdoestheleaflettellusaboutEFPcourses?A.TheirtargetstudentsareteenagersofallEnglishlevels.B.Everyindividualparticipantissuppliedwithtailoredlanguagesupport.C.TheyinvolvestudentsinBritishcultureactivitiesduringthewholecourse.D.TheyareavailableontheschoolcampusesinLondonandOxford.答案C解析细节理解题。根据“WhychooseEFPcourses”下面的第二点可知EFP课程全程让学生接触英国文化,故C项正确。根据第一段的第二句可知,学员的英语水平须在预备中级及以上,而不是针对所有英语水平的人,故A项错误;根据“WhychooseEFPcourses”下面的“wetailorcoursestoeachgroup’sneeds”可知,B项错误;根据第一段的第三句“ThecoursesareheldinGuildford,ahistorictownnearLondon.”可知,该课程的授课地点为伦敦近郊的历史古镇Guildford,故D项错误。n2.SupposeyouaretotakeEFPcoursesthisacademicyear,youcan　　　. A.makeareservationfromOctober31toDecember20B.enjoyaspecialseriesoflessonsforawholeschooltermC.experienceEnglishdramaswithEnglish-speakingfamiliesD.handinanapplicationbyvisitingtheirwebsite答案A解析细节理解题。根据“Whenwerunthecourses”下面的“Wewelcomeyoutobookfrom3Septemberto25Octoberandfrom31Octoberto20December.”可知,本学年的预订时间为9月3日到10月25日和10月31日到12月20日,故A项正确。3.Thepurposeofthiswritingisto　　　. A.attractqualifiedteacherstoEFPcoursesB.illustratetheimportanceofEFPcoursesC.demonstratethepopularityofEFPcoursesD.offergroupstudentsaccesstoEFPcourses答案D解析推理判断题。根据第一段尤其是第一、二句“EFPCoursesprovidecoursesinEnglishlanguageandBritishculture.Ourcoursesareaimedatstudentsagedbetween12and17whoareatpre-intermediateleveloraboveinEnglish.”可知,本文旨在面向12到17岁的青少年学生推广EFP课程,故D项正确。B体裁:说明文　　词数:295　　用时:7分钟(2018四川成都毕业班摸底测试)TheScottishcomposerEvelynGlennielostnearlyallherhearingasayounggirl,yetwentontoaverysuccessfulcareerinmusicincludingwinningGrammynAwards.Whensomebodyasksher,“Howdoyouhear?”Sheresponds,“Howdoyouhear?Isitonlywithyourears?”ForGlennie,andforustoo,listeningisnotonlyhearing,butisunderstanding.Weneedtolistentowhatissaidandunsaid,andalsohowitissaid.It’simportanttohearwhatpeoplesayaccurately.AsMarkTwainsaid,“Thedifferencebetweentherightwordandthealmostrightwordisthedifferencebetweenlightningandthelightningbug(萤火虫).”Ifyoumisssomethingoryou’renotsureyou’veheardaccurately,askthespeakers.Atthispointyou’renotevaluatingwhattheysay,butjustlookingforaccuracyandunderstanding.Herearesomewaystogetclearaboutwhattheysayanddon’tsay.Whyaretheysayingthisnow,insteadofsoonerorlater?Whyaretheyemphasizingthesepoints,insteadofsomethingelse?Listentohowitissaid.Peoplesendsignalsaboutwhattheymeanwiththeirvoicesandbodylanguagethatsometimesdifferfromthewordstheysay.Whilegoingthroughthenextpoints,thinkaboutsomeonewhoserealmeaningyoumightsometimesmiss,andseeifanyofthesesignalsmightcomeup.First,voices.Whenothersspeak,noticechangesintheirvolume,pace,andtone.Second,bodylanguage.Noticegestures,eyecontact,andfacialexpressions.Dothesesyncwhattheyaresaying,ordotheytelladifferentstory?Third,emotions.Whatistheperson’struefeeling?Nowyoumightnotknowforsure,butbeconsiderate,opentounderstanding,andaskthoughtfulquestions.【解题导语】本文讲述了聆听的内涵。我们要听懂说话人想要表达的言外之意,并且要注意说话的方式。4.What’sthewriter’spurposeofmentioningEvelynGlennie?A.Togiveanexampleofwisewords.B.Tointroduceaworld-famousmusician.C.Tohelpexplainthemeaningoflistening.D.Toencourageustofightagainstdisability.答案Cn解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“ForGlennie,andforustoo,listeningisnotonlyhearing,butisunderstanding.”可知,对于Glennie以及“我们”来说,聆听不仅是用耳朵听而且是理解,这里说明了聆听的内涵。所以选项C正确。5.WhatcanwelearnfromwhatMarkTwainsaid?A.ItisimportanttohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglishwords.B.Peopleshouldknowwordscanbeusedinmanydifferentways.C.Englishisaverycomplicatedlanguagewithalargevocabulary.D.Theslightdifferencebetweenwordsmayresultinmisunderstanding.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It’simportanttohearwhatpeoplesayaccurately”和“Atthispointyou’renotevaluatingwhattheysay,butjustlookingforaccuracyandunderstanding.”可知,准确听懂说话者的意思很重要。因此,选项D“词语的细微差异可能导致误解”与MarkTwain所说的话意思相吻合。6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sync”probablymean?A.Match.　　　　　　　　　　B.Prove.C.Describe.D.Analyze.答案A解析词义猜测题。画线词前的修饰词these指代前一句中的“gestures,eyecontact,andfacialexpressions”;再根据画线词后的“whattheyaresaying,ordotheytelladifferentstory”可推断,match与画线词意思相近。故选A项。7.Whichisthebesttitleofthispassage?A.SpeakWhileYouListenB.ListenBeyondWordsC.ReadBetweenLinesD.ThinkAsYouTalk答案Bn解析主旨大意题。本文主要说明通过观察说话人的说话方式来听懂说话人想表达的言外之意。所以选B项。C体裁:说明文　　词数:321　　用时:7分钟Persuasionistheartofconvincingsomeonetoagreewithyou.AccordingtotheancientGreeks,therearethreebasictoolsofpersuasion:ethos,pathos,andlogos.Ethosisaspeaker’swayofconvincingtheaudiencethatsheistrustworthy,honestandreliable.Onecommonwayaspeakercandevelopethosisbyexplaininghowmuchexperienceoreducationshehasinthefield.Afterall,you’remorelikelytolistentoadviceabouthowtotakecareofyourteethfromadentistthanafireman.Aspeakercanalsocreateethosbyconvincingtheaudiencethatsheisagoodperson.Ifanaudiencecannottrustyou,youwillnotbeabletopersuadethem.Pathosisaspeaker’swayofconnectinghimselfwithanaudience’semotions.Forexample,apoliticianwhoistryingtoconvinceanaudiencetovoteforhimmightsaythathealonecansavethecountryfromaterriblewar.Thesewordsareintendedtofilltheaudiencewithfear,thusmakingthemsupporthim.Similarly,ananimalcharitymightshowanaudiencepicturesofinjureddogsandcats,tomaketheviewersfeelpity.Iftheaudiencefeelsbadabouttheanimals,theywillbemorelikelytodonatemoney.Logosistheuseoffacts,statistics,orotherevidencetosupportyourargument.Anaudiencewillbemorelikelytobelieveyouifyouhaveconvincingdatatobackupyourclaims.Presentingthisevidenceismuchmorepersuasivethansimplysaying“believeme”.Althoughethos,pathos,andlogosallhavetheirstrengths,theyareoftenmosteffectivewhenusedtogether.Indeed,mostspeakersuseacombinationofethos,pathos,andlogostopersuadetheiraudiences.So,nexttimeyoulistentoaspeech,watchacommercial,orlistentoafriendtryingtoconvinceyoutolendhimsomemoney,beonthelookoutfortheseancientGreektoolsofpersuasion.n【解题导语】本文介绍了古希腊人提出的说服别人的三个基本工具:个人气质、感染力和理性。在演讲或试图说服别人时,综合使用这三个工具,你将快速提高说服别人的能力。8.Whydoestheauthorsaypersuasionisanart?A.Itentertainstheaudience.B.Itrequiresgreatskilltoachieve.C.Itdemandsfullattentionfromtheaudience.D.ItisallcommontopicsofancientGreekwriters.答案B解析细节理解题。根据文章第一段及最后一段的第二句可知,说服别人一般要使用个人气质、感染力和理性这三个工具,三者结合起来使用可以产生更好的效果;据此可知,说服别人需要很高的技巧,因此是一门艺术。9.Howisaspeakerabletoshowherethostotheaudience?A.Byexpressinghersympathywiththeaudience.B.Bytellingtheaudienceaboutherpersonalpreference.C.Byusingbeautifullanguagetomakeherstatementsattractive.D.Byshowingherknowledgeandexperiencerelatingtothetopic.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Onecommonwayaspeakercandevelopethosisbyexplaininghowmuchexperienceoreducationshehasinthefield.”可知,讲话人向听众展现个人气质的常见方法是展示自己在这一话题上的知识和经验,故D项正确。10.Whatcanwelearnaboutthethreemethodsofpersuasion?A.Ethosisthemostimportantmethodofpersuasion.B.Eachmethodhasadifferenteffectontheaudience.C.Honestyisthekeytomakingyourargumentsbelievable.nD.Politicalleadersmostlyusepathostopersuadetheiraudiences.答案B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Althoughethos,pathos,andlogosallhavetheirstrengths...topersuadetheiraudiences.”可知,尽管个人气质、感染力和理性各有优势,但是只有综合使用时才能发挥最大的作用,故B项正确。11.Anadvertisementforwashingpowderwhichclaimsthat“scientifictestsshowthatourpowderkills95%ofallbacteria”ismainlyusing　　　. A.ethosB.pathosC.logosD.acombinationofallthree答案C解析推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Logosistheuseoffacts,statistics,orotherevidencetosupportyourargument.”可知,理性是使用事实、数据或其他证据来支持你的观点;题干中的广告声称科学实验表明该洗衣粉可以杀死95%的细菌。据此可知,该广告使用了理性的论证方法,故C项正确。D体裁:说明文　　词数:320　　用时:8分钟(2017四川绵阳第二次诊断性考试)Hehadmorethan160reportsasareporterontheMetrodeskandmorethan170in19monthsasanationaljournalistbasedinKansasCity,Mo.ButperhapsthemostimportantpieceofwritingthatA.G.SulzbergerdidforTheNewYorkTimesbeforeWednesday—whenhewasnameddeputypublisher—wasnotanarticleandwasnotpublishedinTheTimes,butwasallaboutTheTimes.Thatworkcametobeknownasthe“innovation(创新)report”,whichzeroedinontheimportanceofadigitalfutureforthenewspaperhisfamilyhasownedsince1896andsaidTheTimesriskedlosingitsleadingplaceifitdidnotmakesweepingchanges.nInaconversationinhisofficeonWednesday,Mr.Sulzbergersaidhesawtheinnovationreportandthethinkingthatledtohisconclusionsas“awake-upcalltothenewsroomthatwewereatriskofmissingthemoment”.“Itwasalwayseasytoseehowchangeswillendangerthetraditionsoftheplace,”hesaid,“butwhatbecamereallycleartomewasnotchangingwasthemoredangerouscourseifwecaredaboutthetraditionsoftheplace.”Unlikesomeoftheformerdeputypublishersinhisrole,Mr.Sulzbergerhasbeenmoreexperiencedinthenewsroomthaninadvertisingorconsumermarketing.Still,hiscolleaguesdescribedhimasaquickstudywhosemodestymaskeddeepinnerconfidence.Besides,inthenewsroomoroutonanassignment,Mr.SulzbergerdidnotshowoffhisconnectiontoTheTimes’owners.“Irecognizedthename,”saidVincentBova,avideoeditorwhofiguredinafeaturearticlethatMr.Sulzbergerwrotein2010.“Imean,IknewIwasdealingwithroyalty.Therewasnoreasonformetobringthatupwithhim,andhedidn’t.”SoMr.Sulzberger,insomeway,hasqualifiedhimselfforthepositionsincelongtimeago.【解题导语】本篇文章属于人物介绍类,介绍了著名出版人A.G.Sulzberger对《纽约时报》的重要贡献,还介绍了他提出的“创新报道”理论以及他人对他的评价。12.A.G.Sulzbergerwrotethe“innovationreport”mainlyto　　　. A.urgerevolutionsinTheTimesB.gainthepositionofdeputypublisherC.promotechangesinNewYorkCityD.showdirectionstohisfamilyfuture答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段可知,“创新报道”关注报纸数字化未来的重要性,《纽约时报》如果不改革,则将面临危机。据此可以判断,A.G.Sulzberger提及“创新报道”的目的是敦促《纽约时报》进行变革,故A项正确。13.WhatisthebiggestthreattotraditionalmediaaccordingtoMr.Sulzberger?A.Scientificdevelopments.B.Rapidsocialchanges.nC.Theirownstubbornness.D.Decreasingreaders.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第二段中的“andsaidTheTimesriskedlosingitsleadingplaceifitdidnotmakesweepingchanges”和文章中提到的“innovationreport”可知,A.G.Sulzberger认为《纽约时报》如果不做出变革,则将面临危机;据此可以判断,A.G.Sulzberger认为传统媒体面临的最大问题是它们固执己见,不思变革,故C项正确。14.HowdoestheauthorshowuswhatMr.Sulzbergerislikeinthelastparagraph?A.Bycomparinghimwithothers.B.Byinterviewinghiminperson.C.Bygivingexamplesofhisroutines.D.Byquotingcommentsfromothers.答案D解析写作方法题。通读最后一段可知,该段第二句介绍了同事对A.G.Sulzberger的评价,第四句和第五句介绍了视频编辑VincentBova对他的评价;据此可以判断,最后一段是通过别人的评价来描述A.G.Sulzberger的,故D项正确。15.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofMr.Sulzbergeraccordingtothepassage?A.Casual.B.Objective.C.Admirable.D.Critical.答案C解析观点态度题。通读全文可知,A.G.Sulzberger提出“创新报道”理论并前瞻性地认识到数字化时代对传统媒体的影响,意识到传统媒体变革的重要意义;据此可以判断,作者对A.G.Sulzberger的态度是钦佩的,故C项正确。第二节体裁:说明文　　词数:277　　用时:7分钟nEveryonemakesmistakes.　16　.Makingamistakeatwork,however,canbemoreserious.Itmaycauseproblemsforyouremployerandevenaffectthecompany’sbottomline.Evilconsequenceswillfinallycomedowntoyou.Simplycorrectingyourmistakeandmovingonmaynotbeanoption.Whenyoumakeamistakeatworkyourcareermaydependonwhatyoudonext. Admityourmistake.Tellyourbossaboutyourmistakeimmediately.Theonlyexceptionisthatyoumakeaninsignificanterrorthatwillnotaffectanyone.Otherwise,don’ttrytohideyourmistake.　17　. Presentyourbosswithaplantofixyourmistake.Whenyougotoyourbosstoadmityourmistake,youmusthaveaplanforcorrectingit.Presentyourplanclearly.Tellyourbosshowlongitwilltaketocarryoutyourplanandifthereareanycostsinvolved.Don’tblameanyoneelseforyourmistake.　18　.Encouragethosewhomayshareresponsibilitytofollowyourleadinadmittingtoyourboss. 　19　. There’sabigdifferencebetweenadmittingyourmistakeandbeatingyourselfupaboutit.Takeresponsibilitybutdon’tblameyourselfformakingit,especiallyinpublic.Correctyourmistakeonyourowntime.Ifyouhavetospendextrahoursatworktocorrectyourmistake,don’texpecttobepaidforthattime.　20　. A.Apologizeforyourmistakebutdon’tbeatyourselfupB.UsuallyyoucancorrectyourerrororjustforgetaboutitandmoveonC.YoucanuseyourlunchhourorcomeintoworkearlyD.Pointingfingerswon’thelpyouifyoumakeamistakenE.StrengthenyourfriendshipwithyourbossF.You’llfeelashamedifyourcolleaguetakestheresponsibilityforyouG.Youwilllookterribleifsomeoneelsediscoversit答案与解析【解题导语】每个人都会犯错误,但是在工作中犯错常常会导致严重后果。如何改正工作中所犯的错误呢?本文给出了五点建议。16.B　根据空处前句“每个人都会犯错误”并结合下文的“Simplycorrectingyourmistakeandmovingonmaynotbeanoption.”可知,空处与下文对应,故此处应选B项表示“你通常会改正错误,或者干脆忘记它继续前行”。17.G　由空前一句可知,不要试图掩盖错误。据此可以判断选G项,陈述掩盖错误的后果。18.D　根据该段标题“Don’tblameanyoneelseforyourmistake.”可知,不要为你的错误指责他人。据此可知,该段主要阐述“不要推卸责任”这一建议,故选D项。19.A　根据空处位置可知,空处为该段标题,即该段的主旨;根据该段的第一句“There’sabigdifferencebetweenadmittingyourmistakeandbeatingyourselfupaboutit.”可知,该段主要阐述“为自己的错误道歉但是不要太责怪自己”,故选A项。20.C　根据该段标题“Correctyourmistakeonyourowntime”可知,该段主要阐述“用自己的时间去改正错误”这一建议;C项中的“yourlunchhourorcomeintoworkearly”与“yourowntime”对应,故C项正确。