2020版高考英语总复习unit5thepowerofnature课时作业选修6 6页

Unit5ThepowerofnatureⅠ.阅读理解AAhurricaneapproacheswhenthewindgoesinthecounterclockwise(逆时针)directionatsealevelaccompaniedbyanon-stopthunderstorm.Butwhenthewindstartsblowingatmorethan74milesperhour,thentheoccurringsituationisregardedasahurricane.Whenthespeedofthewindcrosses110milesperhour,thehurricanecancauseseveredamagetolifeandproperty.Severalweatherdatareportsareobservedandanalysedtotracktropicalstorms.Butwhenstormsarebuildingup,satelliteimagesareusedtodetermineitslocation,strength,andprogressoverthefollowingfivedays.Generally,ahurricanewarningisannounced48hoursbeforeitmakeslandfall.Approximately3to4daysbeforehurricanelandfall,thesurfaceoftheseawillseeaconsiderablewaveof3to6feet.Thewaveswillstriketheshoreaboutevery9seconds.Thetidegetsreallyroughbefore24hours,owingtothespeedofthewindwhichcanreacharoundabout34milesperhour.Seventy-twohoursbeforelandfall,theatmosphericpressureisstable.Thepressurebeginstofall,36hoursbeforelandfall.Whenthehurricaneis12hoursaway,thestrongforcewindcarriesalongloosedebris(残骸)withit.Asthehurricaneapproaches,andisjust6hoursaway,thewindspeedcrosses90milesperhour.Seventy-twohoursbeforelandfall,theskyisdottedwithcumulus(积云).Thecirruscloudsarevisibleinthesky,only36hoursbeforelandfall.Peoplelivinginlow-lyingareasarenowaskedtoleavetheirplaces.Eighteenhoursbeforelandfall,itbeginstopour.Therainsareheavyandcontinuoustillthehurricanestops.Thedarkcloudswhichareallsettobringheavydownpourcanbeseen12hoursbeforelandfall.1.Accordingtothepassage,anapproachinghurricane　　　　. A.leadstoextraordinarylossesifthewindblowsat74milesperhourB.shouldbeobservedandannouncedfivedaysbeforeitmakeslandfallC.canbeconfirmedbyjustanalysingweatherdatareportsoftropicalstormsD.startsiftheseawindkeepsblowinginacertaindirectionwithathunderstorm2.Thethirdparagraphismainlyaboutthehurricanewarningsignsofthe　　　　. A.seaB.windC.cloudD.rain3.Whatcanbeobserved72hoursbeforelandfall?A.Therainstartstopour.B.Thetidebecomesreallytough.C.Cumulusappearsinthesky.D.Thewindblowsat34milesperhour.4.Wecaninferthatpeopleinlow-lyingareasshouldmovefromtheirplaceswhen　　　　. A.theatmosphericpressurebeginstofallB.wavesstriketheshoreevery9secondsC.thedarkcloudsbringheavydownpourD.loosedebrisfliesoutwithstrongwindsBTheIslandRuleisoneofthebestexplanationsscientistscouldgivetotheobservablephenomenonthatanimalsandhumanshaveevolved(进化)dependingontheresourcesavailableintheirhabitats(栖息地).Throughtime,scientistshavenoticedthroughfossil(化石)recordsthatsomelargeanimalsfrommainlandhabitatshavedwarf(矮小的)versionsinblandhabitats.nAreportfromBBCdescribedtheexistenceofwhatscientistscall“hobbitisland”ofasmallislandsomewhereinIndonesia.Itwasgivensuchanamebecausefossilrecordsoftiny,human-likecreatureshavebeenfoundintheregion.“Hobbits”areonlyastallasonemetreandaresmallversionsofearlyhumanspecieswithtinierbrains.Thoughscientistscannotperfectlytracetheoriginofthe“HomoFloresiensis”,theybelievethattheyarehumanrelatives,butitisthe“islandlife”thathascausedthemtoevolveastheyhave.Scientistshavenoticedthroughfossilrecordsandexistingorganisms(有机体)todaythatitseemsthatlargeanimalsgrowsmallinsmallerislandswhilesmallanimalsgrowlargeinlargerislands.Intheory,animalandhumanbodieshaveadjustedtotheavailablefoodandfreshwaterintheirhabitats.Sincethereisnoopportunityforthemtoleavetheirisland,theymightaswelladapt.NewYorkexplainedthatislandsusuallyhavefewerpredators(捕食者)thanmainlandecosystems.However,itisthelackofresourcesthatcausesthedeathofmanyanimals.Asameansofnaturaladaptation,thebodiesoftheseanimalshaveevolvedsmallerthantheirancestors,makingtheirbodiesrequirefewerresources.AreportfromWebEcoistlisteddownafewexamplesofanimalsthathaveshrunksignificantlycomparedwiththeirancestors.SomeoftheseincludeBalitigersassmallasleopards(豹).5.Howdidthename“hobbitisland”comefrom?A.Scientistsdiscovereddwarfpeoplelivingontheisland.B.Onemetretallhumanbeingmadealivingontheseislands.C.Scientistsfoundhumanspecieswithtinierbrainsonanisland.D.Evidencesshowingtiny,human-likecreaturesontheislandwerefound.6.Whatdoyouknowabout“Hobbits”?A.TheyusedtoonlylivesomewhereinIndonesia.B.Theyweretheearliestancestorsofhumanbeings.C.Theylooksmallercomparedwithnormalhumans.D.Theygraduallygrewlargeronlargerislands.7.AccordingtoNewYork,　　　　. A.animalsonislandslackenoughfoodtoliveonB.manyanimalsdiedofffornoapparentreasonC.toomanypredatorswilldodamagetotheecosystemD.predatorsmakeislandanimalsturnsmaller8.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Morepredatorscanhelpanimalsgrowstrongerandlarger.B.Balitigersturnsmallbecauseoftheiradaptationtotheenvironment.C.Morefoodresourcesshouldbeprovidedtoislands.D.Animalsonthemainlandarefiercerthanthoseonislands.Ⅱ.语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In1978,Iwas10yearsoldandlivedinCalcutta,acityofEastIndiawithmyfamily.Icouldnotforget1.　　　　yearasthiscityfacedadisaster.AheavyfloodinGangesriverpreventedthepeople2.　　　　(live)thenormalcitylife. Atthattime,ourschoolremainedclosed.OneofmyschoolfriendsSandhyausedtostayinSubhasNagar,3.　　　　wassituatedinalittle4.　　　　(low)areaacrosstherailwayline.Thearea5.　　　　(cover)withwater,andjustthenmyfriend?sgrandfatherbecamesick.Theoutercityconnectionwiththisareawascut6.　　　　,somyfriend?sfathercrossedthewaterypathwiththehelpofbamboo-basedboatinordertocalladoctor.Goingouttoattendhospital7.　　　　n(be)impossiblefortheagedgrandfather,becauseitrainedheavilyand8.　　　　(end),andnodoctordaredtovisittheareaatthatmoment.Finallymyfriend?sfatherbuiltatenttypedshadeontheboatand9.　　　　(take)myfriend?sgrandfathertothehospital. Ifwearedeterminedandhavegreatconfidenceinour10.　　　　(able),wecanovercomeanyobstacletoreachourgoals. Ⅲ.短文改错LastSundaythestormstruckthevillagewheremygrandparentsusedtoliving.Thestormhaddestroyedtwentyhouses,thirteenofwhichwerebaddamaged.Theothershadeitherbrokenwindowsortornroof.Overtwohundredpersonswerekilled.Afewwereseriouslyinjuredandtaketohospital.Aboutsixhundredpeoplewerehomelessbecausethestorm.MrGreensaid,“Thestormbeganataboutsevenintheevening.IwaswatchingTVwithmyfamilywhileweheardaloudnoise.Severalminuteslater,ourhousefelldownandcoveredus.Ittookusalongtimeafterwemanagedtoclimbout,butIfoundoneofhiskidswasmissing,soIwentbackinsideandfoundhersafeandsound.”Ⅳ.书面表达假定你是李华,从网上得知你的美国朋友Phil的家乡遭受龙卷风(tornado)袭击。请你写封邮件安慰他。内容包括:1.说明情况;2.询问灾情,表示安慰。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。    n 课时作业(三十)Ⅰ.A【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要对飓风这种天气现象做了简要介绍。1.D　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Ahurricaneapproacheswhenthewindgoesinthecounterclockwise(逆时针)directionatsealevelaccompaniedbyanon-stopthunderstorm.”可知,当风在海平面上朝着特定的方向吹,并伴有雷电的时候,飓风也就来临了,故选D。2.A　段落大意题。根据第三段的整体内容可推知,本段主要讲述的是飓风即将来临时大海的一些迹象,故选A。3.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Seventy-twohoursbeforelandfall,theskyisdottedwithcumulus(积云).”可知,在此期间,可以观察到积云,故选C。4.A　推理判断题。根据第四段前两句“Seventy-twohoursbeforelandfall,theatmosphericpressureisstable.Thepressurebeginstofall,36hoursbeforelandfall.”及最后一段中的第二句和第三句可知,大气压变低意味着飓风马上要来,因此在这时地处低位置的人就要撤离,故选A。B【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。通过这篇文章我们了解到“岛上的规则”是科学家们能给出的动物和人类进化的最好的解释之一,人类和动物的进化取决于其栖息地上所能利用的资源。5.D　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Itwasgivensuchanamebecausefossilrecordsoftiny,human-likecreatureshavebeenfoundintheregion.”可知选D。6.C　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“‘Hobbits’areonlyastallasonemetreandaresmallversionsofearlyhumanspecieswithtinierbrains.”可知,与正常的人类相比,Hobbits看起来较小,故选C。7.A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句“However,itisthelackofresourcesthatcausesthedeathofmanyanimals.”可知,岛上的动物缺乏足够的食物,故选A。8.B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Asameansofnaturaladaptation,thebodiesoftheseanimalshaveevolvedsmallerthantheirancestors,makingtheirbodiesrequirefewerresources.”和最后一段可知,巴厘虎因要适应环境而变小,故选B。Ⅱ.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了1978年在印度东部的城市Calcutta发生的洪灾情况,以及在此期间作者的朋友家里发生的事情。1.the　考查冠词。句意:我不会忘记这一年,因为这个城市经历了一场灾难。此处特指这一年,故填the。2.living　考查固定词组。一场洪水阻止了人们过正常的城市生活。preventsb(from)doingsth是固定词组,意为“阻止某人做某事”,故填living。3.which　考查定语从句。此句是非限制性定语从句,先行词SubhasNagar指的是地点,后面的定语从句中缺少主语,故用which引导定语从句。4.lower　考查形容词比较级。它坐落在地势更低的地方。alittle修饰形容词比较级,故填lower。5.wascovered　考查动词的时态和语态。这个地区被水覆盖。由句意可知用被动语态,事情发生在过去,故用一般过去时。becoveredwith意为“被……覆盖”。6.off　考查固定词组。外界与这个地区的联系被切断了。cutoff是固定词组,意为“切断,n中断”。7.was　考查主谓一致和动词的时态。主语goingouttoattendhospital是动名词,动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数形式,且句子的时态是一般过去时,故填was。8.endlessly　考查副词。此处指大雨在无休止地下着。修饰动词要用副词,故填endlessly表示“无止境地,无休止地”。9.took　考查动词时态。句意:最后我朋友的父亲在船上建了一个帐篷似的遮蔽处并带我朋友的爷爷去医院。此处and连接两个并列谓语,动词用一般过去时,故填took。10.abilities　考查词性转换。句意:如果我们有决心并对自己的能力充满信心,我们就可以克服任何障碍,实现我们的目标。our是形容词性物主代词,修饰名词,根据句意可知用名词复数abilities。Ⅲ.LastSundaythestormstruckthevillagewheremygrandparentsusedtoliving.Thestormhaddestroyedtwenty a livehouses,thirteenofwhichwerebaddamaged.Theothershadeitherbrokenwindowsortornroof.Overtwohundred badly roofspersonswerekilled.Afewwereseriouslyinjuredandtaketohospital.Aboutsixhundredpeoplewerehomeless takenbecause∧ofthestorm.MrGreensaid,“Thestormbeganataboutsevenintheevening.IwaswatchingTVwithmyfamilywhilewe whenheardaloudnoise.Severalminuteslater,ourhousefelldownandcoveredus.Ittookusalongtimeafterwe beforemanagedtoclimbout,butIfoundoneofhiskidswasmissing,soIwentbackinsideandfoundhersafeandsound.” myⅣ.Onepossibleversion:DearPhil,I?msorrytolearnaboutfromtheInternetthatyourhometownwasstruckbythetornadothedaybeforeyesterday.Accordingtothevideoofthereport,thetornadowassostrongthatitbroughtaboutalotoflosses.Manyhousesweredestroyedandworsestill,manypeoplewereinjuredandsomeevendied.Seeingthedisaster,Ihavebeenworriedaboutyouandyourfamily.I?manxioustoknowyourpresentsituations.Pleasetellmewhatyouexperiencedthesedays.Iknowthathelphasalreadyarrived.Ihopethateverythingisallrightforyou!I?mlookingforwardtohearingfromyou!nYours,LiHua