2020版高考英语总复习unit4makingthenews课时作业必修5 5页

Unit4MakingthenewsⅠ.阅读理解ATheWorldHealthOrganizationwarnsthatmillionsofpeoplearedyingeveryyearfromindoorairpollution.TheWHOfindsthatpoorcooking,heatingandlightingtechnologiesarekillingmillionsofpeopleeachyear.Indoorairpollutionresultsfromtheuseofdangerousfuelsandcook-stovesinthehome.Tohelpfighttheproblem,theWHOannouncednewguidelinesaimedatreducinghouseholdpollutants. WHOofficialssaynearlythreebillionpeopleareunabletousecleanfuelsandtechnologiesforcooking,heatingandlighting.Andtheysaymorethansevenmillionpeoplediefromexposuretoindoororoutdoorairpollutioneachyear.Ofthatnumber,theWHOsaysabout4.3millionpeoplediefromhouseholdairpollutiongivenoffbysimplecoalcook-stoves.WHOofficialssayindoorpollutionleadstoearlydeathsfromstroke,heartandlungdisease.Themainvictimsarewomenandgirlsindevelopingcountries,wheretheyusuallystayathomeanddothehouseholdwork.CarlosDoraisacoordinatorintheWHO?sDepartmentofPublicHealth,EnvironmentalandSocialDeterminantsofHealth.Hesayspeopleshouldnotuseunprocessedcoalandkerosene(煤油)fuelindoors.Hesaysopeningawindowordoortoletouttheharmfulairwillnotimprovethesituation.Itwillonlypollutetheoutdoors.NigelBruceisaprofessorofPublicHealthattheUniversityofLiverpool.Hesaysresearchersaredevelopinggoodcook-stovesandotherequipmenttoburnfuelsinamoreefficientway.WHOexpertsnotethatsomenew,safeandlow-costtechnologiesthatcouldhelparealreadyavailable.InIndia,youcanbuyaninductionstove(电磁炉)forabout$8.00.AndinAfricayoucanbuyasolarlampforlessthan$1.00.Butthis,theagencysays,isjustastart.Itisurgingdevelopingcountriestousecleanerfuelsandincreaseaccesstocleanerandmoremoderncookingandheatingappliances.1.Whatdoes“theproblem”inParagraph1referto?A.Indoorairpollution.B.Cookinghabits.C.Poorcook-stoves.D.Useofnaturalgas.2.Whyarewomenandgirlsthemainvictimsoftheindoorpollution?A.Theyareveryweakinthedevelopingcountries.B.Theyaremoresensitivetotheindoorpollution.C.Theyareexposedtotheindoorpollutionmore.D.Theyarelackofdoingmoreexerciseoutdoors.3.Whichofthefollowingisagoodwaytoavoidindoorairpollution?A.Toopenawindowwhilecooking.B.Touseunprocessedcoalindoors.C.Topromotethecleanerandmoremoderncookingappliances.D.Topopularizethetraditionalcook-stovesinthehouse.4.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.HowtopreventpollutionnB.HowtoprotectwomenandgirlsC.IndoorairpollutionkillsmillionseachyearD.TheimportanceofhealthindevelopingcountriesBAsCongressandthepublicwrestlewiththeFacebookscandal(丑闻),manypeoplearenowrealizingtherisksofdatacollectiontothem.Facebookrecentlyadmittedthatnearlyallofits2.2billionusershavehaddatascraped(篡改)by“ill-natured”peopleorcompanies.Thefirmitselfhasjoinedcallsforbetterprivacy(隐私)regulations.Foryears,watchdogshavebeenwarningaboutsharinginformationwithdata-collectingcompanies.MostcasualInternetusersareonlynowrealizinghoweasyandcommonitisforirresponsibleandunknownorganizationstocollectdetaileddigitaldataofthem.Theydothisbycombiningtheseparatebitsofinformationconsumershavegivenuptoe-tailers,healthsites,quizappsandcountlessotherdigitalservices.AstudyfromresearchersattheUniversityofQueenslandshowsthatstayingoffofFacebookforfivedayscanactuallylowerlevelsofthestressinthebody.Yetdespitethestudy,andtherecentDeleteFacebookmovement,Facebookuserstatisticsremainstrong.Asscholarsofpublicresponsibilityanddigitalmediasystems,weknowthatthebusinessofsocialmediaisbasedonuserdataandofferingitforsale.There?snosinglewayforthemtoprotectdataasmanyusersmightexpect.Likethesocialpollutionoffakenews,bullying(欺诈)andjunkmailthatFacebook?splatformspreads,thecompany?sprivacycrisisalsoresultsfromapowerimbalance—Facebookknowsnearlyeverythingaboutitsusers,whoknowlittletonothingaboutit.It?snotenoughforpeopletodeletetheirFacebookaccounts.Norisitlikelythatanyonewillsuccessfullyreplaceitwithanon-profitalternativecentringonprivacyandresponsibility.Besides,thisproblemisnotspecificjusttoFacebook!Othercompanies,includingGoogleandAmazon,alsogatheranduseextensivepersonaldata,andarelockedinadigitalarmsracethatwebelievethreatenstodestroyprivacyaltogether.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inthesecondparagraphreferto?A.Sharinginformationwithdata-collecting.B.Collectingdetaileddigitaldataofconsumers.C.Combiningtheseparateinformationofcompanies.D.Quizappsandcountlessotherdigitalservices.6.Wecaninferfromthetextthatprotectingpersonaldatais　　　　. A.difficultB.easyC.voluntaryD.dangerous7.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ThepersonaldataofpeopleB.TheonlinequizappC.ThebusinessofFacebookD.Facebook?sprivacytroubles8.Whatwillthewritermostprobablydiscussnext?A.PoliciesforGoogleandAmazon.B.ThebusinesspatternofFacebook.C.TheagerangeofFacebookconsumers.nD.Measuresaboutpersonaldatasecurity.Ⅱ.语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。HaveyoueverbeentoaMichelinrestaurant?Formostchefs,there?sno1.　　　　(big)honourthanhavingyourrestaurantawardedaMichelinstar,letalonethree.2.　　　　that?snotthecaseforSebastienBras,46,oneofFrance?smostfamouschefs.Heistheheadofathree-starrestaurant,LeSuquet,3.　　　　islocatedinthecentreofParis.Acoupleofdaysago,he4.　　　　(announce)thathewantedtoberemovedfromnextyear?sMichelinguide,5.　　　　(say)thathewantedtogiveanewmeaning6.　　　　hislife. Brasexplainedthatheissickof7.　　　　pressureoftryingtokeephisstars.AccordingtoTheNewYorkTimes,thechefalwayshastobereadyforsurprisevisitsfromMichelin8.　　　　(inspector).Healsohastowork9.　　　　(extreme)longhourseveryday,from7amto2am. “Idon?tunderstandMrBras?10.　　　　(decide),butIrespectit,”LaurentPetit,headchefoftwo-starrestaurantLeClosinFrance,toldTheNewYorkTimes. Ⅲ.短文改错IamgladtoknowthataDVcompetitionwillbeholdnextmonth.Alltheseniorstudentsarewelcometofilmvideosaboutthecolourfulschoollife,thatwillgobysoon.Thosewhoareinterestedareexpectedtolimitthevideostosixminutesandsimpleuploadittotheschoolwebsite.Thoughnotaexpertinvideo-making,butIstillwanttohaveatry.Iwouldtakethischancetorecordthosewonderfulmomentwithmyteachersandfriends.Frommyopinion,nothingisvaluableandmeaningfulthanthedayswiththem.n课时作业(二十四)Ⅰ.A【文章大意】本文主要介绍了世界卫生组织发现每年数百万的人口死于室内空气污染。1.A　推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“TheWHOfindsthatpoorcooking,heatingandlightingtechnologiesarekillingmillionsofpeopleeachyear.”可推知,这个问题就是指室内空气污染,故选A。2.C　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Themainvictimsarewomenandgirlsindevelopingcountries,wheretheyusuallystayathomeanddothehouseholdwork.”可知,妇女和女孩儿成为室内空气污染的主要受害者的原因是她们经常待在家里做家务,因此接触室内空气污染的机会更多,故选C。3.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Itisurgingdevelopingcountriestousecleanerfuelsandincreaseaccesstocleanerandmoremoderncookingandheatingappliances.”可知,使用更清洁、更现代的厨房电器有利于避免室内空气污染,故选C。4.C　主旨大意题。文章第一段第一句“TheWorldHealthOrganizationwarnsthatmillionsofpeoplearedyingeveryyearfromindoorairpollution.”开篇点题,并结合对全文的整体理解可推知,本文主要讲的是室内空气污染造成的危害,故选C。B【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道,主要报道了Facebook因大量收集用户的私人信息而受到国会和公众的指责,以及人们开始意识到信息安全的重要性。5.B　推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“MostcasualInternetusersareonlynowrealizinghoweasyandcommonitisforirresponsibleandunknownorganizationstocollectdetaileddigitaldataofthem.”可知,大多数马虎的网络用户现在才意识到,对于那些不负责任和不知名的组织来说,收集他们详细的数字数据是多么容易和常见,结合画线单词所在句可推知,this代指第二句中提及的收集用户的详细数字数据,故选B。6.A　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“There?snosinglewayforthemtoprotectdataasmanyusersmightexpect.”可知,没有一种方法可以像许多用户期待的那样保护数据,由此可知,保护个人数据是有难度的,故选A。7.D　主旨大意题。第一段第一句“AsCongressandthepublicwrestlewiththeFacebookscandal(丑闻),manypeoplearenowrealizingtherisksofdatacollectiontothem.”点题,并结合对全文的整体理解可推知,本文主要讲述的是Facebook深陷收集个人隐私信息的麻烦中,故选D。8.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知,包括谷歌和亚马逊在内的其他公司也在收集和使用大量的个人数据,并被锁定在一场数字军备竞赛中,我们认为这会彻底摧毁隐私,由此可知,我们的个人隐私将得不到保护,据此可以判断下文将进一步讨论保护个人资料安全的具体应对措施,故选D。Ⅱ.【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道,主要报道了一个米其林大厨准备放弃米其林头衔的故事。1.bigger　考查形容词比较级。根据语境中比较级的符号than可知,此处用形容词比较级的形式,作定语,修饰名词honour。2.But　考查连词。根据语境可知,上下句表示逻辑上的转折关系,故用连词but。3.which　考查定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,修饰先行词athree-starrestaurant,与语境中的逗号呼应。4.announced　考查动词的时态。根据acoupleofdaysago可知,此处指发生在过去的动n作,与从句中wanted呼应,故此处用一般过去时。5.saying　考查非谓语动词。say和句子谓语announced之间没有连词,且和句子主语he构成逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在分词作伴随状语。6.to　考查介词。givesthtosth意为“给某物以……”,在语境中意为“赋予生活全新的意义”,故用介词to。7.the　考查冠词。与介词of呼应可知,此处的名词pressure表示特指,故用定冠词the修饰。8.inspectors　考查名词复数。inspector是可数名词,且在语境中没有冠词修饰,故用复数形式。9.extremely　考查副词。副词修饰形容词、副词、动词,甚至整个句子,在句子中作状语,故用副词extremely修饰形容词long。10.decision　考查词性转换。根据MrBras?可知,此处用名词形式,作动词understand的宾语。Ⅲ.IamgladtoknowthataDVcompetitionwillbeholdnextmonth.Alltheseniorstudentsarewelcometofilmheld┬heldvideosaboutthecolourfulschoollife,thatwillgobysoon.Thosewhoareinterestedareexpectedtolimitthewhich┬whichvideostosixminutesandsimpleuploadittotheschoolwebsite.simply┬simplythem┬themThoughnotaexpertinvideo-making,butIstillwanttohaveatry.Iwouldtakethischancetorecordthose┬an┬willwonderfulmomentwithmyteachersandfriends.Frommyopinion,nothingis∧┬morevaluableand┬moments┬Inmeaningfulthanthedayswiththem.