2020版高考英语总复习unit1greatscientists课时作业必修5 7页

Unit1GreatscientistsⅠ.阅读理解MarieTharpwasborninYpsilanti,MichiganonJuly30,1920,intoamappingfamily.HerfatherWilliamEdgarTharp,wasasoilsurveyorfortheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture,andtheTharpswenttowhereverhisworktookhim.MsTharponcesaidthatbythetimeshegraduatedfromhighschool,shehadattendedtwodozenpublicschoolsacrossthecountry.Shereceivedabachelor?sdegreeinEnglishandmusicfromOhioUniversityin1943,followedthenextyearbyamaster?sdegreeingeologyfromtheUniversityofMichigan.WhileworkingasageologistforanoilcompanyinOklahoma,MsTharpearnedadegreeinmathematicsfromtheUniversityofTulsain1948.Thatyear,shejoinedColumbiaUniversity?sgeologydepartmentasaresearchassistanttothewell-knownscientistMauriceEwing.BruceC.Heezen,whowentontobecomealeadinggeologistandoceanographer,wasagraduatestudentthere,andheandMsTharpwouldsharetheirprofessionalandpersonallivesforthenextthreedecades.Beforethemid-20thcentury,littlewasknownabouttheoceanbottom.In1949,MrEwingandhisteamstartedaquesttomaptheseafloorusingsonarsoundings(声呐探测).Becausearesearchshipwasconsiderednofitplaceforawoman,MsTharp,workingwithpenandruler,plottedthedatabackinPalisades.WithMrHeezen,MsTharpcompiledthefirstcomprehensivemapoftheentireoceanbottom,sheddinglightonahiddenworldofhugecracksandvalleys,andvolcanicrangesstretchingforthousandsofmiles.Itwaspublishedin1977.InhisbookTheMapmakers,JohnNobleWilford,asciencereporter,describedtheirachievementthisway:“Likeotherpioneeringmaps,theonebyHeezenandTharpisnotcompleteandnotalwayscompletelyaccurate.Itis,however,oneofthemostremarkableachievementsinmoderncartography(制图学).Itisthesummaryofmorethanacenturyofoceanographiceffort.”MsTharp?sworkinplottingtheocean?sbottomwouldalsohelpgainacceptanceforthetheoryofcontinentaldrift(大陆漂移),whichwasstillanunpopulartheorywhensheandMrHeezenbegantheircooperationinthelate1940s.1.WhatdowelearnabouttheTharpfamily?A.Theylovedtravelling.B.Theymovedtoooften.C.Theywerequitewealthy.D.Theyfarmedforaliving.2.WhendidTharpstarttoworkwithHeezen?A.In1943.B.In1944.C.In1948.D.In1949.3.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthemapinParagraph3?A.Itwascompletedonaresearchship.B.Itwentagainstthetheoryofcontinentaldrift.C.Itwasaimedatprotectingnaturalhabitatsontheseafloor.D.ItwasbasedonEwingandhisteam?sstudies.4.HowdidWilfordlookatthemap?nA.Headmiredit.B.Hetoleratedit.C.Hewascautiousaboutit.D.Hewasdoubtfulaboutit.Ⅱ.阅读七选五根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Technologicalinnovation(创新)maynotgiveyouawarmfeeling.　1　Messagingappsareexamplesoftechnologythatarehelpingbringpeopletogether.It?sreadytocontinueimprovingourlivesasinnovationallowstechnologytoreallyunderstandhowwelive. 　2　 Someofthemostpopularandwidelyadoptedinnovationsmakethingswe?realreadydoingeasier.Awell-designedpieceoftechnologycantransformsomethingthatconsumestimeintoaworry-freeswipeofyourfinger,givingyoumoretimetospendwithfriendsandfamily.ProvingthatyoureallyareyouDeveloperskeepfindingnewandbrilliantwaystoproveouridentitiesonline.Withfingerprintsandvoicerecognition,technologykeepsgettingbetteratprovingwearewhowesayweare.　3　.Themoretrustwehave,theeasieritwillbetofullyembracetheempoweringaspectsoffintech(金融科技)andhavingcontrolofourfinancialdata. HelpingmakegoodideasarealityCrowdfunding(众筹)technologykeepsbreakingdownbarriersthatmayhavepreviouslykeptgoodideasfrombeingrealized.Here?showitworks:youpitch(拋)yourprojecttopeoplethroughanonlineplatform.　4　.Byconnectingdreamersandinventorstoanewtypeofcapital,technologyisgivingmorecreativeideastheiropportunitytobecomeareality. AddingevenmorequalitytoqualitytimeAstechnologycontinuesimproving,itbecomeseasiertobuildandmaintainaconnectionwithsomeonewhoisn?tinthesamelocationasyou.　5　.Andthinkabouthowgreatitwillbewhenyoucaninteractwithyourfriendsandrelativesinvirtualreality.Itwillbethenextbestthingtobeingtogetherinperson. A.SparingsometimetomakeresearchesB.FreeingupmoretimeforfriendsandfamilyC.However,whenatitsbest,itopensoureyestomanythingsD.Actually,itcandowonderstodeepenourinterpersonalconnectionsE.ThattechnologycanmakeiteasiertotrusttheconnectionswemakeonlineF.Iftheyareinterestedinyourproject,theydonatemoneytofundyourprojectG.ThinkabouthowmucheasieritistoconnectviavideoconferencingthanbeforeⅢ.完形填空AboutsixyearsagoIwasgoingthroughatoughtime,tryingtoworktwojobstoaffordmyrent.OnacoldSundaymorning,IwenttoGameStop—avideogameretailer(零售商),to　1　thegameI?dreserved.AwomaninacarparkedoutsidecalledmewhenI　2　nthestore.Thoughitwasinbroaddaylight,Iwas　3　andkeptsomedistancewhenIwalkedover.Shesaidshecouldn?twalkand　4　metopurchaseaKinect,apopulargame,forherasher　5　Christmasgift.Duetoherlegdiseaseitwas　6　forhertomovearound.Shecalledaheadbuttheemployeewasn?twillingto　7　.Shegavemeabout$100incashandhercreditcard. IwalkedbackinandboughttheKinect.Thenitoccurredtomethatthiswoman,acompletestranger,　8　me.Whatwasitthatstoppedmefromlyingaboutthepaymentmethodandjust　9　hercash?Shecouldn?tknowIwasn?ta　10　;andhowcouldshepossiblyhavesomuch　11　someone? Ihandedherthecashback,　12　Ihadtopaywithhercard—itwasabove$100atthetime,andhandedoverthe　13　andhercreditcard.“Thisiswhatmyson?sbeenlongingfor.Thankyou!Bytheway,justfrom　14　atyou,Iknowyouaretheonewho?llbeafriendtosomeone　15　.Youhaveafaceofanangel!”shesaid.Shegaveme$10and　16　totakeitback.Thenshe　17　,saying“MerryChristmas!” Shehadnoideahowmuchofa　18　even$10made.Iwasabletobuyafewcheapgroceriesfortheweekanditreallymadea　19　timeinmylifealittlebetter.ShemaythinkIhelpedher;　20　,Itrulyfeelliketheonewhowasbeinggiftedsomethingamazing. 1.A.donateB.cancelC.winD.return2.A.keptB.approachedC.decoratedD.exited3.A.shyB.crazyC.disappointedD.positive4.A.forbadeB.encouragedC.requestedD.allowed5.A.ownB.employer?sC.husband?sD.son?s6.A.painfulB.convenientC.funnyD.secure7.A.orderB.shareC.helpD.pay8.A.fooledB.trustedC.inspiredD.annoyed9.A.throwingB.tearingC.pocketingD.losing10.A.videomakerB.porterC.gamesellerD.cheat11.A.patiencewithB.faithinC.respectforD.mercyon12.A.arguingB.lyingC.promisingD.explainingn13.A.gameB.chequeC.ticketD.change14.A.laughingB.glancingC.yellingD.pointing15.A.inneedB.inpublicC.inreturnD.indanger16.A.offeredB.managedC.refusedD.decided17.A.cameoverB.droveawayC.felldownD.pulledup18.A.differenceB.livingC.bargainD.profit19.A.happyB.carefreeC.confusingD.hard20.A.finallyB.thereforeC.howeverD.otherwise课时作业(二十一)Ⅰ.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了美国著名女科学家MarieTharp的故事。1.B　推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“HerfatherWilliamEdgarTharp,wasasoilsurveyorfortheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture,andtheTharpswenttowhereverhisworktookhim.MsTharponcesaidthatbythetimeshegraduatedfromhighschool,shehadattendedtwodozenpublicschoolsacrossthecountry.”可推知,由于父亲工作的关系,Tharp一家经常搬家,故选B。2.C　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“WhileworkingasageologistforanoilcompanyinOklahoma,MsTharpearnedadegreeinmathematicsfromtheUniversityofTulsain1948.”和对本段内容的整体理解可知,Tharp和Heezen是从1948年开始一起共事的,故选C。3.D　推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“In1949,MrEwingandhisteamstartedaquesttomaptheseafloorusingsonarsoundings(声呐探测).”和对本段的整体理解可推知,Tharp所绘制的海底地图是基于Ewing和他的团队的研究而形成的,故选D。4.A　推理判断题。根据第四段Wilford的描述“‘Itis,however,oneofthemostremarkableachievementsinmoderncartography(制图学).’”可推知,Wilford对这样的地图给予了高度评价,故选A。Ⅱ.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。技术创新可能不会给你一种温暖的感觉。事实上,它能创造奇迹。创新让科技真正了解我们的生活方式。创新让我们腾出更多的时间给朋友和家人,证明自己的身份,把好主意变成现实。创新让我们的生活更加方便。1.D　根据下文“Messagingappsareexamplesoftechnologythatarehelpingbringpeopletogether.It?sreadytocontinueimprovingourlivesasinnovationallowstechnologytoreallyunderstandhowwelive.”可知,科技可以创造奇迹,加深我们的人际关系,故选D。2.B　根据对本段的整体理解可知,本段主要讲述创新使我们做的事情变得更容易,让我们有更多的时间和朋友、家人在一起,这与B项内容吻合,故选B。3.E　承接上句“Withfingerprintsandvoicerecognition,technologykeepsgettingnbetteratprovingwearewhowesayweare.”可知,随着指纹和语音识别技术的不断完善,科技让我们更善于证明自己的身份,由此可推知,这种技术可以使我们更容易信任我们在网上建立的联系,故选E项。4.F　根据下文“Byconnectingdreamersandinventorstoanewtypeofcapital,technologyisgivingmorecreativeideastheiropportunitytobecomeareality.”可知,如果人们感兴趣就可以给这些项目投资,从而使这些创造性的想法变为现实,故选F。5.G　根据下文“Andthinkabouthowgreatitwillbewhenyoucaninteractwithyourfriendsandrelativesinvirtualreality.”以及句子的结构可知选项G符合语境,故选G。Ⅲ.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了作者在穷困潦倒时帮助他人,事实上也帮助了自己的故事。1.B　根据上文“AboutsixyearsagoIwasgoingthroughatoughtime,tryingtoworktwojobstoaffordmyrent.”可知,作者处境艰难,因此去零售商那里取消自己的订单,故选B。donate捐献;cancel取消;win赢得;return返回,归还。2.D　根据下文“IwalkedbackinandboughttheKinect.”可推知,当时作者要离开商店,故选D。keep保持,保留;approach靠近;decorate装饰;exit退出,离开。3.A　根据语境“Thoughitwasinbroaddaylight,Iwas…andkeptsomedistancewhenIwalkedover.”可推知,尽管是大白天,作者走过去时,还是有点害羞,并保持一定距离,故选A。shy害羞的;crazy疯的,疯狂的;disappointed失望的;positive积极的,乐观的。4.C　根据语境“Shesaidshecouldn?twalk…”可推知,那位女士因为无法行走而请求作者帮忙,故选C。forbid禁止;encourage鼓励;request请求,要求;allow允许。5.D　根据下文“‘Thisiswhatmyson?sbeenlongingfor.’”可知,那位女士要给自己的儿子买一款游戏作为圣诞礼物,故选D。own自己的;employ?s老板的;husband?s丈夫的;son?s儿子的。6.A　根据语境“Duetoherlegdisease…”可推知,由于腿疾,女士走路时会很痛苦,故选A。painful痛苦的,疼的;convenient便利的,方便的;funny搞笑的;secure安全的。7.C　根据语境可知,女士由于腿疾,提前打了电话,但店员不愿意帮忙,所以她只好求助作者,与下文“ShemaythinkIhelpedher…”呼应,故选C。order命令;share分享;help帮助;pay付钱。8.B　根据语境acompletestranger可推知,作者对这个陌生人居然相信自己感到有些意外,与下文“Whatwasitthatstoppedmefromlyingaboutthepaymentmethodandjust…hercash?”呼应,故选B。fool愚弄,欺骗;trust信任;inspire激励;annoy惹恼。9.C　根据语境“…stoppedmefromlyingaboutthepaymentmethod…”可推知,作者在纳闷自己为什么没有把女士的现金据为己有,故选C。throw扔;tear撕开;pocket将……据为己有;lose丢失。10.D　与上文“…lyingaboutthepaymentmethod…”呼应可推知,那位女士并不了解作者,也不知道作者可能是个骗子,会骗走她的钱,故选D。videomaker电子游戏制造者;porter杂务工,服务员;gameseller游戏销售者;cheat骗子。11.B　根据上文“Whatwasitthatstoppedmefromlyingaboutthepaymentmethodandjust…hercash?”可推知,作者纳闷那位女士为什么如此信赖一个陌生人,故选B。havepatiencewith对……有耐心;havefaithin对……信任;haverespectfor对……尊重;havemercyon对……仁慈。12.D　根据语境“…Ihadtopaywithhercard—itwasabove$100atthetime…”可推知,作者归还现金,使用了信用卡支付,作者对此进行了解释和说明,故选D。argue争n论;lie撒谎;promise承诺,允诺;explain解释。13.A　根据语境可知,作者把帮女士购买的游戏和信用卡交给了她,故选A。game游戏;cheque支票;ticket票据;change变化,零钱。14.B　根据下文“‘Youhaveafaceofanangel!’…”可推知,女士说瞥一眼就知道作者是一个值得信赖的、可以成为朋友的人,故选B。laugh笑;glance瞥;yell叫喊;point指。15.A　根据下文“‘Youhaveafaceofanangel!’…”可推知,那位女士对作者的人品进行了充分的肯定,故选A。inneed需要帮助;inpublic公开地;inreturn作为回报;indanger处于危险中。16.C　根据下文“Iwasabletobuyafewcheapgroceriesfortheweekanditreallymadea…timeinmylifealittlebetter.”可推知,那位女士给了作者10美元并拒绝收回,故选C。offer提供;manage管理;refuse拒绝;decide决定。17.B　与上文“AwomaninacarparkedoutsidecalledmewhenI…thestore.”呼应可推知,那位女士接着就驱车离开了,故选B。comeover过来;driveaway驱车离开;falldown跌倒;pullup慢慢停下来,拔起。18.A　makeadifference意为“有作用,有影响”,与下文“Iwasabletobuyafewcheapgroceriesfortheweekanditreallymadea…timeinmylifealittlebetter.”呼应,故选A。difference差异;living生计;bargain便宜货,交易;profit利润。19.D　与上文“AboutsixyearsagoIwasgoingthroughatoughtime,tryingtoworktwojobstoaffordmyrent.”呼应可知,那位女士的馈赠会让当时处境艰难的作者好过许多,故选D。happy开心的;carefree无忧无虑的;confusing令人困惑的;hard艰难的,硬的。20.C　根据语境可知,上下句表示逻辑上的转折关系,故选C。finally最终;therefore因此;however然而;otherwise否则。n