2020高考英语大一轮复习unit1alandofdiversity教案 15页

Unit1Alandofdiversity一、课前基础自查(一)分类记单词——省时高效Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)1．straitn．　　　　　　　海峡2．Arcticadj.北极的；北极区的3．ministryn.(政府的)部；(全体)牧师；牧师的职责4．shavev.刮；剃5．vicen．&adj.代理；副职6．federaladj.联邦制的；联邦政府的7．aircraftn.飞行器；航空器；飞机8．nephewn.侄子；外甥9．tramn.(有轨)电车10．cattlen.牛(总称)11．bakeryn.面包房；面包厂12．ferryn.渡船；渡口vt.摆渡；渡运13．seagulln.海鸥14．mournv.哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛15．authorityn.权威；权力(pl.)当局；官方16．polen.地极；电极；磁极Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)1．railn.铁路；扶手；(护栏的)横条2．hardshipn.苦难；困苦3.occurvi.　　　　　发生；出现4．luggagen.行李(〈美〉baggage)5．thankfuladj.感激的；感谢的6．boomn.(人口、贸易的)繁荣vi.处于经济迅速发展时期7．anglen.角；角度8．civiladj.公民的；国内的；民间的9．hirevt.&n.租用；雇用10．graspvt.&n.抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会11．thoughtfuladj.关切的；体贴的；深思的12．reformv.改革；革新n.改革；改造；改良13．despiteprep.尽管；不管14．nowhereadv.无处；到处都无15．braken.闸；刹车；制动器v.刹(车)；用制动器减速16．fascinatingadj.迷人的；吸引人的17．justicen.正义；公平18．insertvt.嵌入；插入Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)1．distinctadj.清晰的；明显的；明确的→distinctionn．差别；区分；卓著2．immigratevi.移入(外国定居)→immigrantn．(从外国移入的)移民→immigrationn．移[语境活用]1．—Whatisthemeaningofthesignonthebottle?—Itmeans“thissideup”．(mean)2．Apparently,_shetooknonoticeofthen民；移居入境3．meansn．方法；手段→meanv．意思是；意味着adj.吝啬的；卑鄙的→meaningn．意思4．majorityn．大多数；大半→majoradj.主要的vi.主修n．专业→minorityn．少数5．electvt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人→electionn．选举6．percentagen．百分比；百分率→percentadj.百分之……的7．racialadj.人种的；种族的→racen．种族；竞争8．crossingn．横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道→crossn．十字；交叉adj.交叉的；生气的v．使交叉；横过→acrossprep.在……的对面(过)9．applicantn．申请人→applyvi.申请→applicationn．申请书；申请10．customsn．海关；关税；进口税→customern．顾客11．socialistn．社会主义者；社会党人adj.社会主义者的→societyn．社会→socialadj.社会的→socialismn．社会主义12．indicatevt.指出；标示；表明；暗示→indicationn．迹象；标示→indicatorn．指示器；指示信号13．apparentadj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的→apparentlyadv.显然地；显而易见地14．conductorn．(公车)售票员；列车员；(乐队)指挥→conductv．管理15．slipvi.滑动；滑行；滑跤n．滑动；滑倒→slipperyadj.滑的16．punishmentn．惩罚；处罚→punishvt.惩罚；处罚apparentmistakesintheaccident.(apparent)3．Thoughhefailedmanytimesinelection,_heneverlostheartandatlasthewaselectedPresidentoftheUSA.(elect)4．HeindicatedthatanindicatorshouldgivemesomeindicationsofhowIdidinthetest.(indicate)5．AlltheapplicantscanapplyinpersonorbyletterandatthesametimeshouldhandintheirapplicationsbeforeMay6th.(apply)6．OneofthemajorproblemsisthatamajorityofthegraduateswhomajorinEnglishfinditdifficulttofindagoodjob.(majority)7．“Walkacrossthisstreetandturnleftatthefirstcrossing.”theboytoldthelady.(cross)8．Ifacustomerwantstobringthegoodshebuysabroadbacktoinland,hehastopaysomecustomswhenhepassesthroughtheCustoms.(custom)9．Somesocialistsbelievethatsocialismwillovertimeturnintowhattheyseeasamoreadvancedsystemwithnostate,money,orsocialclasses.(society)10．Overthepastthreeyears,therehasbeenabigriseinimmigration(immigrate)totheUSA.n(二)练中记短语——记牢用活写准记牢语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)1.live_on　　　　继续存在；继续生存2．mark_out标出……界线；用线画出范围3．apply_for申请；请示得到4．take_in包括；吸收；欺骗；理解5．keep_up坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)6．make_a_life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等7．back_to_back背靠背8．by_means_of_...用……办法；借助……9．a_great/good_many许多；很多10．team_up_with与……合作或一起工作1.Iwouldliketoapply_foradmissiontotheEnglishClubofourschool.2．Asseniorstudents,itisimportanttokeep_upagoodstateofmind.3．Asignalmaybegivenby_means_offlags,lights,andguns.4．Ifyouteam_up_withyourclassmates,youwillsurelygetthesameworkdonefarbetter.5．Theseteenagersdon'tknowmuchoftheworldyet;that'swhytheyaresoeasilytaken_in.6．Thesiteofthenewchemicalfertilizerplanthasbeenmarked_out.7．Afterseeinga_great_manyhomelesspeopleinthestreets,IthoughtIshoulddosomethingforthem.(三)仿写明句式——以用为本教材原句句式解读句式仿写1.However,itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.然而，可能至少在15000年前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。itislikelythat...“有可能……”。很有可能有一些像地球一样的星球，在那里可能也存在生命。It_is_quite_likely_thattherearesomeplanetsliketheearth,onwhichtheremightalsobelife.2.Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.那就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。That/Thisiswhy...“那/这就是……的原因”。(2017·北京高考书面表达)那就是我认为长江之行会是更好的选择的原因。That's_why_I_thinkthetripalongtheYangtzeRiverwillbeabetterchoice.3.Itisbelievedthatbeforenlongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthat...人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于……It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句。人们认为温室气体是全球变暖的主因。It_is_believed_thatgreenhousegasesarethemaincauseofglobalwarming.二、课堂重点深化1．majorityn．大多数；大半　[自主体验]单句语法填空①Themajorityis/are(be)infavourofbanningsmokinginpublic.②ThemajorityofastronautsfromAmericahave_been(be)meninthelastfewyears.补全句子③Thewhiteare_in_the_majorityinAustraliawhilethenativepeoplein_the_minority.在澳大利亚，白人占多数而原住民占少数。④The_majority_of_the_damage_iseasytorepair.大部分损失很容易补救。　[系统归纳](1)a/themajorityof　　　　　　　大多数……ina/themajority占多数by/withamajorityof以多数票……(2)minorityn.少数ina/theminority占少数　[重点强化]佳句时时写⑤随着物价的上涨，大多数人觉得靠他们挣的钱很难生活。Withthepricesgoingup,the_majority_of_people_find_it_hardto_live_on_the_amount_of_money_they_get.[名师指津]　“a/themajorityof＋名词”作主语时，其后谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数。themajority作主语时，谓语动词既可以用复数，也可以用单数。2．electvt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人　[自主体验]单句语法填空n①ShewaselectedasnewPrimeMinisterlastyear.②IfIamluckyenoughtowintheelection(elect),thefirstthingIwilldoistoenrichourstudents'afterclassactivities.　[系统归纳](1)electsb.(as/tobe)＋职位＝sb.beelected(as/tobe)＋职位(职位前无冠词)(2)electtodosth.　　　　　　选择做某事(3)electionn.选举　[重点强化]佳句时时写③(2015·陕西高考书面表达)除此之外，我英语很好以至于被选做英语老师的助手。Besides,IhavesuchagoodcommandofEnglishthatI_am_elected_as_assistantto_my_English_teacher.3．occurvi.发生；出现　[自主体验]补全句子①Suddenlya_good_idea_occurred_to_her,_butshedidn'tknowhowtospeakitout.她突然想到了一个好主意，但是她不知道如何说出来。②Isupposeit_didn't_occur_to_you_to_phonethepolice.我想你根本就没想到打电话报警吧。　[系统归纳]sth.occurs/occurredtosb.　　　　　某事被某人想起Itoccursto/strikes/hitssb.that...某人想起……Itoccurs/occurredtosb.todosth.某人想起做某事　[重点强化]选词填空(strike/occur)③Itneveroccurredtomethatyoucouldsucceedinpersuadinghimtochangehismind.佳句时时写④(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我本来打算去的，但我想起我还有一些工作要做。Ihadmeanttogo,butit_occurred_to_me_that_I_had_some_work_to_do.4．hiren．&vt.租用；雇用　[自主体验]n单句语法填空①Therearemanybicyclesonhireinthisarea.②Therearethreesmallboatsavailableforhire.③Davidusedtohirehiscaroutsometimeswhenhedidn'tneedithimself.　[系统归纳](1)onhire　　　　　　　　出租forhire可供出租(2)hiresth.out(tosb.)把……租出去(给某人)　[重点强化]易错对对碰(employ/hire)④Nothavingenoughmoney,shehadtohireadressforthewedding.佳句时时写⑤我还想知道是否包括住宿以及我是否需要租赁公寓。I'dalsoliketoknowwhetheraccommodationisincludedandI_need_to_hire_an_apartment.1．bymeansof...通过；用……办法；借助……　[系统归纳]bythismeans　　　用这种方法byallmeans　　　当然可以；没问题bynomeans决不；一点也不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装语序)　[重点强化]单句语法填空①Studentsbuilduptheirvocabulariesbymeansofreadingmore.②Onlybythismeansis(be)itpossibletopersuadehimoutofsmoking.用法条条清(选用上述短语填空)③Withoutknowledge,by_no_meanscanweachieveourlifegoal.④By_this_meansshesolvedtheproblembetweenthewifeandhusband.佳句时时写⑤(2018·天津高考书面表达)将会以给你发送邮件的方式告知你训练计划。Youwillbeinformedofthetrainingscheduleby_means_of_sending_you_an_email.2．makealife习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生　[系统归纳]n(1)make/earna/one'sliving谋生(2)live/leada...life过着……生活come(back)tolife苏醒；变得活跃；恢复生气bring...backtolife使……苏醒过来；给……活力　[重点强化]单句语法填空①Shehadtolookforparttimebabysittingjobstheseyearsto_make(make)aliving.补全句子②WhenAlicecame_to_life,_shedidnotknowhowlongshehadbeenlyingthere.当艾丽丝苏醒时，她不知道已经在那儿躺了多久。佳句时时写③(2017·天津高考书面表达)我很想念你，想起了你帮我习惯新生活的快乐时光。I'vemissedyoualot,thinking_about_those_happy_moments_when_you_helped_memake_a_life.3．takein包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留　[自主体验]写出下列句中takein的含义①Thefarmertookinthelosttravelersforthenight.收留②Whilereadingpopularsciencebooks,wecantakeinmorebasicknowledge.吸收③TheUnitedKingdomtakesinEngland,Wales,ScotlandandNorthernIreland.包括④Lackingnecessarysocialexperience,teenagerstendtobetakeninbycheaters.欺骗⑤Beforeyoutranslateasentence,youshouldfirsttakeinthemeaningofthewords.理解　[系统归纳]takeoff　　　　　脱去(衣服等)；(飞机等)起飞；成功takeon呈现；雇用；承担takeup拿起；开始从事；占据(时间、空间等)takeover接收；接管；接任；取代　[重点强化]易错对对碰(takeon/takeover)⑥Afterhisfatherpassedaway,hetook_overthebusiness.⑦Ourfactorywilltake_ontwentymoreworkersnextmonthtoincreaseoutput.n佳句时时写⑧(2016·浙江高考书面表达)比赛的前一个月，我花了几个小时列出日程安排包括我的目标和实际步骤。Amonthbeforetheevent,Ispenthoursworkingoutascheduletaking_in_my_goals_andpractical_steps.4．This/Thatiswhy...“这/那就是……的原因”　[教材原句]　That_is_whytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.　[自主体验]①That's_whymoreandmorepeopleinChinaareinterestedinlearningEnglish.那就是越来越多的中国人对学英语感兴趣的原因。②Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.This_is_becauseaboutseventyonepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为它表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。③Thereasonwhyhehashadsuchagreatsuccessisthathenevergivesup.他取得那么大的成功的原因是他从不放弃。　[归纳点拨](1)This/That'swhy...　　　　　这/那就是……的原因(2)This/Thatisbecause...这/那是因为……(3)Thereasonwhy...isthat...……的原因是……　[佳句背诵]①(增分要点句)(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Beinglateisnotwelcome.That'swhyyoushouldarriveearlierthanthefixedtime.②(增分要点句)(2018·北京高考书面表达)IthinkBeijingLanguageandCultureUniversityisanidealplaceforyou.Thisisbecausetheuniversityisknownforitslanguageandculturecoursesintendedforinternationalstudents.③(增分要点句)(2017·北京高考书面表达)ThereasonwhyIpreferthetouralongtheYangtzeRiveristhatwecanlearnalotaboutthehistoryofChinaandChinesepeople.n本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“历史事件，文化渊源”子话题相对应一、话题语素积累多一点话题词汇记一记子话题(一)　历史变迁温故浅易词汇①ancestor　　　②announce　　　③nation④defend⑤history⑥population识记生疏词汇①originn．起源；由来　②previousadj.早先的③aggressionn．侵略④primitiveadj.原始的⑤abolishvt.废除；取消⑥immigrantn．移民⑦ancientadj.古代的⑧symboln．象征⑨reflectv．反映⑩religiousadj.宗教的子话题(二)　历史事件温故浅易词汇①battle　　②incident　　③slavery　　④dynasty⑤weapon⑥revolution⑦historical⑧escape⑨historic⑩defeat⑪stand识记生疏词汇①uprisingn．起义　　　　　②massacren．大屠杀③invadevt.侵略④occupyvt.攻占；忙于⑤compassn．指南针⑥gunpowdern．火药⑦papermakingn．造纸术⑧printingn．印刷术⑨attackvt.&n．进攻；攻击⑩explodevi.爆炸常用词块忆一忆①inpeace和平　　　　　②atwar交战③turnagainst背叛④getpreparedfor为……做准备⑤datebackto追溯到⑥defend...against...防御……⑦datefrom起源于；始于⑧breakout爆发⑨LongMarch长征⑩haveahistoryof有……的历史⑪onbehalfof代表⑫cometopower上台执政⑬inthelongrun从长远来看⑭votefor/against投票支持/反对⑮declarewaron对……宣战⑯Chinesecivilization中华文明⑰cradleofcivilization文明的摇篮⑱theMay4thMovement五四运动⑲inmemoryof为了纪念……n写作佳句背一背①Inancienttimes,thefastestwaytotravelwastorideahorseorcarriage.②AtthebeginningoftheTangDynastyintheseventhcentury,thelanterndisplayswouldlastthreedays.③Onlywhenthesystemhasbeenabolishedwillitbepossibletoabolishpoverty,unemploymentandwar.二、“分步写作”表达准一点话题应用文分步写作假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Jack准备到你居住的城市——成都来旅游，请你给他写一封电子邮件介绍成都的情况，内容包括：1．城市的地位；　2.城市的历史和人口；　3.景点和美食。注意：1.词数80左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：武侯祠WuhouTempleDearJack，I'mreallygladthatyou'recomingtoChengdu.Nowletmetellyousomethingaboutit.　Ihopeyou'llenjoyyourstayinChengdu.Yours，LiHua第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点1．审题：①文体：介绍信(地点介绍)　②人称：主要是第三人称　③时态：主要是一般现在时2．本文由于开头和结尾部分已给出，且中间部分所给3个要点也比较明确，按这3个要点构思即可，不容易遗漏。要点1：介绍成都这座城市的地位。要点2：介绍成都的历史、人口。要点3：介绍成都的景点和美食(名胜古迹，火锅和当地小吃)。n要点1：成都是中国西南地区的政治、经济和文化中心。Chengdu_is_the_centre_of_politics,_economy_and_culture_in_the_southwest_of_China.要点2：它有2300多年的悠久历史。它的人口超过1600万。It_has_a_long_history_of_over_2,300_years.It_has_a_population_of_more_than_16_million.要点3－①：那里有许多名胜古迹。There_are_a_lot_of_places_of_interest.要点3－②：它因美味的火锅和当地小吃而闻名。It_is_wellknown_for_the_delicious_hotpot_and_the_local_snacks.第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼为了使内容更充实，我们需要对要点进行适度的拓展和升级。1．要点1介绍成都时可以添加同位语“四川省的省会”。2．要点2用介词with表示伴随合并升级。3．要点3－①“有许多名胜古迹”可用suchas来列举详细的景点名称。4．要点3－②可以添加地点状语“在国内外”。5．在介绍完成都后可添加总结句“一旦你来这里，你将不想离开”。拓展要点1：成都，四川省的省会，是中国西南地区的政治、经济和文化中心。(同位语)Chengdu,_the_capital_city_of_Sichuan_Province,_is_the_centre_of_politics,_economy_and_culture_in_the_southwest_of_China.升级要点2：它有2300多年的悠久历史，人口超过1600万。(with表示伴随)It_has_a_long_history_of_over_2,300_years,_with_a_population_of_more_than_16_million.拓展要点3－①：那里有许多名胜古迹，例如武侯祠和青城山。(suchas)There_are_a_lot_of_places_of_interest,_such_as_Wuhou_Temple_and_Mount_Qingcheng.拓展要点3－②：它因美味的火锅和当地小吃闻名国内外。(homeandabroad)It_is_wellknown_for_the_delicious_hotpot_and_the_local_snacks_both_at_home_and_abroad.总结句：一旦你来这里，你将不想离开。(once引导条件状语从句)Once_you_come_here,_you_will_never_want_to_leave.第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡本文可以采用“总分总”结构组织全文。在介绍景点和美食之前可以用“It'sreallyanverybeautifulcity.”总述，然后用besides把要点连接起来。DearJack，I'mreallygladthatyou'recomingtoChengdu.Nowletmetellyousomethingaboutit.Chengdu,_the_capital_city_of_Sichuan_Province,_is_the_centre_of_politics,_economy_and_culture_in_the_southwest_of_China.It_has_a_long_history_of_over_2,300_years,_with_a_population_of_more_than_16_million.It's_really_a_very_beautiful_city.There_are_a_lot_of_places_of_interest,_such_as_Wuhou_Temple_and_Mount_Qingcheng.Besides,_it_is_wellknown_for_the_delicious_hotpot_and_the_local_snacks_both_at_home_and_abroad.Once_you_come_here,_you_will_never_want_to_leave.IhopeyouwillenjoyyourstayinChengdu.Yours，LiHua一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空1．(2016·北京高考)Jackwasworkinginthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred(occur).2．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheatslowlyduringcoolnights,thuswarmingthehouse.3．(2015·福建高考)Tomydelight,Iwaschosenfromhundredsofapplicants(apply)toattendtheopeningceremony.4．(2015·湖南高考)Ihadastrongdesiretoreachinandplaywiththetoy,butwasheldbackthankfully(thankful)bytheshopwindow.5．(2014·江苏高考)Shewasputunderhousearresttwoyearsagobutremainedapowerfulsymbolinlastyear'selection(elect)．6．(2014·湖北高考)Seeingthebigcrowdcomingtowardshim,hestartedtorundownthehill,butslipped(slip)andwentdownonhishandsandkneesinthemeltingsnow.7．(2014·天津高考)Clearlyandthoughtfully(thoughtful)written,thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers.nⅡ.高考中的完形填空(选用occur,thankful,apparent,slip,hire,takein填空)1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ完形填空)HewasunconsciousandasIlookedathisface,something__52__tome.Thosebrowneyeswereveryfamiliar.“What'shisname？”Iaskedtheinstructor.“Ben，”hereplied,andimmediatelyIknew.Thatstrangerwasmyson！occurred2．(2014·湖北高考完形填空)Oneevening,standingunderajeweledsky,Ifoundmyself__50__forallthehardships.Wehadwalkedthetrailsandclimbedthecanyonwalls.Wehadbecomeafamily！thankful3．(2013·江苏高考完形填空)Fouryearslater,Imovedbackintotown.Isawmanypeoplewerehavingareallyhardtime,losingtheirjobsandhomes.Imanagedtorentabigenoughhouseto__53__ahandfulofpeople.take_in4．(2011·四川高考完形填空)IkepttravellingbetweenLondonandhereandfeltlighterthanIhadinmonths.InDecember2008,Iwas__31__asahotelmanagerandmovedherefulltime.hired5．(2010·湖南高考完形填空)Soonitbecame__42__thatweweregettingnowhere.Ibegantopicturetherestofthedayintheforest,withoutfoodordrink.apparent6．(2010·山东高考完形填空)AllIhadtodointhenextmovewasputonefootontheboxnexttomineandkeepmyotherfootonmybox.Itreallywasaneasymove.IwasconcentratingsomuchonkeepingthehugesmileonmyfaceandholdingmyheadupthatIdidnotlookwhereIwasgoing.Imissedmypartner'sboxaltogetherand__46__.slipped二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度新高考下的命题新视角：每个国家都有其发展历史，尤其是作为四大文明古国之一的中国更是以悠久的历史和灿烂的文明闻名于世，这也成为高考的关注点。因此，应聚焦历史变迁，多关注历史上人物介绍、地方的兴衰以及文化的迁移和影响。考生学习和了解一定的历史知识，不仅能从过去的历史人物身上和历史事件中得到启发，了解事情的发展和迁移，对现在生活也会产生积极的影响。[话题感悟]学习目标——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深(加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)n(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)[1]Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare,likeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity,forexample,isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom800peopleto8million.Butnotallcitiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodoftime.Boomtownsgrowfromnothingalmostovernight.In1896,Dawson,Canada,wasunmappedwilderness(荒野)．Butgoldwasdiscoveredtherein1897,andtwoyearslater,itwasoneofthelargestcitiesintheWest,withapopulationof30,000.[2]DawsondidnothaveanyofthenaturalconveniencesofcitieslikeLondonorParis.Peoplewentthereforgold.Theytravelledoversnowcoveredmountainsandsailedhundredsofmilesupicyrivers.ThepathtoDawsonwascoveredwiththirtyfeetofwetsnowthatcouldfallwithoutwarning.Anavalanche(雪崩)onceclosedthepath,killing63people.FormanywhomadeittoDawson,however,therewardswereworththedifficulttrip.Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.About100ofthesestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.[3]Butnomatterhowrichtheywere,Dawsonwasnevercomfortable.Necessitieslikefoodandwoodwereveryexpensive.Butsoon,thegoldthatDawsondependedonhadallbeenfound.Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown,andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.Today,peoplestillcomeandgo—toseewheretheCanadiangoldrushhappened.TourismisnowthechiefindustryofDawsonCity—itspresentpopulationis762.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加拿大城市——道森市的历史、发展与现状。1．WhatattractedtheearlysettlerstoNewYorkCity?A．Itsbusinessculture.B．Itssmallpopulation.C．Itsgeographicalposition.D．Itsfavourableclimate.解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句“Peoplesettleintheseplaces...NewYorkCity,forexample,isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.”可知，纽约市吸引早期定居者之处就是它靠近哈德逊河入海口，交通和贸易便利，所以是它的地理位置吸引了早期的定居者。故选C。n2．WhatdoweknowaboutthosewhofirstdugforgoldinDawson?A．Twothirdsofthemstayedthere.B．Oneoutoffivepeoplegotrich.C．Almosteveryonegaveup.D．Halfofthemdied.解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.”可知，在最先的两万名淘金者中，有4000人变得富有了，即有五分之一的人变得富有了。故选B。3．WhatwasthemainreasonformanypeopletoleaveDawson?A．Theyfoundthecitytoocrowded.B．Theywantedtotrytheirluckelsewhere.C．Therewereunabletostandthewinter.D．Theywereshortoffood.解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Thecitywascrowded...newgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.”可知，人们离开道森去阿拉斯加碰运气了。故选B。4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Theriseandfallofacity.B．ThegoldrushinCanada.C．Journeysintothewilderness.D．TourisminDawson.解析：选A　主旨大意题。文章第一段简要介绍城市发展的原因；第二段介绍了道森兴起的原因；第三段介绍了道森的衰落和现状，由此可知，文章主要以加拿大城市道森为例讲述了城市的兴衰。故选A。学习目标——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透主旨大意技法(5)——利用正确选项的三大特征解题(1)涵盖性强，覆盖全文；(2)确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小；(3)精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。以上面文章及第4题为例：文章第一段简要介绍城市发展的原因，并引出道森这一城市的兴起(rise)；第二段介绍了道森兴起的原因；第三段介绍了道森的衰落(fall)和现状。A项(Theriseandfallofacity.)符合上面讲的三点。