2020版高考英语总复习unit1alandofdiversity课时作业选修8 5页

Unit1AlandofdiversityⅠ.阅读理解UnlikeChina,wherethemajorityofsocietybelongstotheHanethnicgroup,theUnitedStatesishometopeoplefrommanydifferentethnicandculturalbackgrounds,creatinggreatdiversitywithinitslivelysociety.However,historicaleventsthatcreatedthisdiversityalsoledtoracialdisputesandprejudicethathavelasteduntiltoday.ArounddayslikeMartinLutherKingJr.Day,peopleintheUSareespeciallysensitivetoracistcommentsandbehaviour.Recently,aFacebookmessagepostedbyawhitestudentatmyboardingschoolstartedawaveofangeramongAfricanAmericanstudentsandstartedheatedconversationsaboutminoritygroupsattheschool.ThestudentspostedanarticlewrittenbysomeoneelsewhostatedthatRobertE.Lee,aconfederategeneralduringtheUSCivilWar,shouldbecommemorated(纪念).AstheConfederacybrokefromtheUnioninordertokeepslaveryintheirstates,theywereusuallyseenasracists.Thepostreceivedafloodofcommentsfrombothwhiteandblackstudentswithinminutes,andconversationsaboutthetopicspreadacrosscampusquickly.Afishbowlconversationwasorganizedtheeveningthatthearticlewasposted,andstudentsandfaculty(学院)memberstalkedabouttheirfeelingsandopinions.Duringthediscussion,studentsfromminoritygroups,includingAfricanAmerican,Jewish,AsianandIndianstudents,spokeupabouthowtheyfeltaboutlivinginasocietymainlymadeupofpeoplewhoaredifferentfromthem.Itturnedoutthatmanypeoplefeltisolatedbecauseoftheirdifferencesfromotherpeople.Thediversityofsocietycanopenupinterestingopportunities,butthegreatdifferencesbetweenpeoplecanalsocreatehugegapsandmisunderstandingsiftheyarenottreatedcarefully.Thus,effectivecommunicationisessential.Afterthefishbowlconversation,theatmosphereintheschoolseemedtobechanging,atleastfrommypointofview.Studentsseemedtobetalkingandactingmorefreelythanbefore,andtheexpressionsofjudgementwereseenlessontheirfaces.1.WhatisthemainpurposeofParagraph1?A.DrawattentiontothefactthatracialproblemsstillexistinAmerica.B.ShowthattheUnitedStateshasawonderfullydiverseculture.C.ExplainhowsensitivepeopleintheUSaretoracistcommentsandbehaviour.D.PointoutthedifferencesbetweenAmericancultureandthoseofothercountries.2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Thepostwasoffensivetoblackstudents.B.ThepostwasaimedatAfricanAmericanstudents.C.Theauthorofthepostwasstronglyinfavourofslavery.D.Theauthorofthepostheldanegativeattitudetowardsminoritygroups.3.Accordingtothearticle,whatwasthefishbowlconversationheldmainlyfor?A.Figureoutwhetherthearticleshouldbepostedornot.B.Educatestudentsonhowtoexpresstheiropinionsappropriately.C.Improvethelivesofpeoplewhobelongtominoritygroupsoncampus.D.Getpeopletocommunicatehowtheyfeltandthoughtaboutthepost.4.Whatdidtheauthorlearnfromtheincident?A.Weshouldlearntolivewithothers?differences.B.Weshouldalwaysfeelfreetoshareourfeelings.C.Effectivecommunicationisveryimportantinadiversesociety.D.Ifthereisnodifference,thenthereisnomisunderstanding.Ⅱ.阅读七选五根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。nPeoplearepeopleGlobalizationhasbroughtdifferentculturestogetherinawayunimaginably.Today,Chinese,Indians,Arabs,Africans,Anglos,andHispanicsmayallworkinthesameoffices,attendthesameschoolsorliveinthesameneighbourhoods.　1　Andoursocietyhaslatelyemphasized(强调)theimportanceofdiversity. 　2　Takethefollowingoldproverbsforexample. “Honestyisthefirstchapterinthebookofwisdom.”ThomasJefferson,AmericanPresident“Onefalsehoodspoilsathousandtruths.”Africanproverb“Behonesttothosewhoarehonest,andbealsotothosewhoarenothonest.”LaoTzu,Chinesephilosopher“Asacrificeiswrittenoffbyalieandthemeritofdevotionbyanactofcheat.”Hindusaying　3　Theseseemtobeasortofculturalunity. Wedon?twishtoimplythatallculturesarethesame.Culturaldiversityisreal,andpeoplefromdifferentculturesviewmanysituationsindifferentways.However,historically,differentculturesseemtosharemanycommonvalues.Theyarejustice,courage,patience,generosity,equality,mercyandkindness,respectfortheelders,andmanymore.Lyingandstealingappeartobewrongnomatterwhereyougo.Perhapssomeculturesmakeroomforextenuating(情有可原的)circumstancesmorethanothers;perhapsculturesapplythesevirtuesindifferentways;andwhenvaluesdisagree,differentculturesmayplacedifferentlevelsofimportanceonthem.　4　Butbothculturesmaystillvalueboth. Tous,itseemsasifthereissomesortofcodeofrightandwrongthateveryoneeverywhereseemstounderstand,regardlessofculture.Itisalmostasif,behindallofthediversity,onefindsacommonunderstanding—ahumanculture,ifyouwill—thatgoesbeyondracial,social,andpoliticalboundaries.　5　 A.Allpeopleseemtoagreethatweshouldtellthetruth.B.Asculturesmeetwitheachother,manydifferencesstandout.C.Eachvaluesupportsmanymoresayingsfromdifferentcultures.D.Wewanttoshow,however,thatthereismoretotheseculturesthandiversity.E.Thesesayingsfromfourseparateculturesallsupportthesamevalue—honesty.F.Itisalmostasif,despiteallourdifferences,weareallstillthesame—wearejustpeople.G.Inotherwords,oneculturemayleanmoretowardsjusticeandanotherculturemoretowardsmercy.Ⅲ.完形填空Fromayoungage,Iwastaughttobekindtopeoplearound.Myparents　1　explainedtometheimportanceofgivinggenerouslytotheless　2　.Sooutofhabit,wheneverthereissomethingIcan　3　,Igiveittosomeoneonthestreets. Lastweek,asIleftthehouseforwork,Icarriedwithmesome　4　clothes,ahandbagandsomefoodtohandovertosomeone　5　. Asthecarstoppedatatrafficredlight,Isawagirloffiveorsixaskingfor　6　.I　7　hertocometomeandquickly　8　allthestuffIhadintothehandbag.AsIstartedhandingitover,sheseemed　9　.Shelookedupatmewithasweetsmileonherfaceandaskedwhatwasinthe　10　.Itoldherthereweresomeclothesandfoodforher. Onceagainshe　11　me,“Canyougivemesomewater?”ItwasthenthatI　12　herdrylips.Itseemedthatshehadnothada　13　ofwaterallday.ItookoutthewaterbottlethatIalwayscarrywithmeand　14　hertodrinkfromit.Shefinisheditquicklyandgavemeaheart-warmingsmileof　15　. nIwasthankfulthatIcould　16　whatshereallywishedandrealizedonceagainthatdaythatyoudon?tnecessarilyhavetomakebig　17　tohelpsomeone.Andthisincident,aswellasalotthatfollowed,　18　mybeliefinthesimpleactsofkindnessandhowtheycanmakesomeone?sday. Thenexttimeyouwanttodosomething　19　forsomeone,don?tholdback,seizingtheright　20　,oritwouldbelate.Goaheadanddoit! 1.A.cheerfullyB.particularlyC.confidentlyD.repeatedly2.A.fortunateB.richC.comfortableD.difficult3.A.findB.spareC.exchangeD.abandon4.A.casualB.wornC.oldD.clean5.A.clumsyB.luckyC.lonelyD.needy6.A.candyB.troubleC.clothesD.money7.A.wantedB.orderedC.signaledD.touched8.A.threwB.collectedC.draggedD.dropped9.A.surprisedB.satisfiedC.panickyD.amused10.A.pocketB.carC.bagD.hand11.A.wavedatB.noddedatC.shookhandswithD.lookedupat12.A.realizedB.noticedC.discoveredD.saw13.A.dropB.bottleC.lotD.cup14.A.requiredB.advisedC.helpedD.directed15.A.satisfactionB.communicationC.expectationD.appreciation16.A.offerB.affordC.understandD.remember17.A.differencesB.donationsC.sensesD.kindness18.A.changedB.shookC.strengthenedD.destroyed19.A.niceB.braveC.bigD.great20.A.ideaB.powerC.positionD.opportunityn课时作业(三十六)Ⅰ.【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了一个学生在网上发的帖子引起热议的故事。1.B　目的意图题。根据对第一段的整体理解可推知,本段主要讲的是美国文化的多样性,故选B。2.A　推理判断题。根据第五段最后两句“Duringthediscussion,studentsfromminoritygroups,includingAfricanAmerican,Jewish,AsianandIndianstudents,spokeupabouthowtheyfeltaboutlivinginasocietymainlymadeupofpeoplewhoaredifferentfromthem.Itturnedoutthatmanypeoplefeltisolatedbecauseoftheirdifferencesfromotherpeople.”并结合第四段关于帖子的内容的描述可推知,网上所发的那个帖子是对黑种人有所冒犯的,故选A。3.D　推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“Afishbowlconversationwasorganizedtheeveningthatthearticlewasposted,andstudentsandfaculty(学院)memberstalkedabouttheirfeelingsandopinions.”可推知,这次谈话被组织的目的是让大家对帖子畅所欲言,各抒己见,故选D。4.C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Thus,effectivecommunicationisessential.”可推知,作者认为在多样性的社会中,有效的沟通是非常有必要的,故选C。Ⅱ.【文章大意】全球化使不同的文化汇集在一起。尽管我们有很多不同,但我们仍然是一样的——我们只是人。1.B　根据上文可知,不同国籍的人可能都在同一个办公室工作,上同样的学校,或者住在同一个社区。B项“许多不同之处随着文化的交汇,显现出来了”承接上文,符合行文逻辑。2.D　根据上一句“…oursocietyhaslatelyemphasized(强调)theimportanceofdiversity.”可知,我们的社会最近强调了多样性的重要性。D项“然而,我们想要展示的是,有比多样性对这些文化更重要的”表示转折,引出下文的谚语。此句中however,diversity是解题的关键词。3.E　根据空格上文介绍了四条谚语可知,E项“这些来自四个不同文化的谚语都支持同样的价值观——诚实”承接前文,符合行文逻辑。4.G　根据上文可知,也许有些文化比其他文化更能宽容情有可原的状况;也许文化以不同的方式应用这些美德;当价值观不一致时,不同的文化可能会给予它们不同程度的重视。也就是说,一种文化可能更倾向于正义,而另一种文化则更倾向于仁慈。故选G。5.F　根据上文可知,这就好像,在所有的多样性背后,人们找到了一个共同的理解——一种人类文化,如果你愿意的话——它超越了种族、社会和政治界限,这与F项“几乎好像尽管我们有很多不同,但我们仍然是一样的——我们只是人”意义一致。Ⅲ.【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自己给一个乞讨的小女孩一杯水喝的故事,阐述了这样一个道理:你不一定非得做出巨大的捐赠来帮助别人,简单的、善意的行为,同样可以改变某人的一天。1.B　“我”的父母特别地向“我”解释了慷慨地给予对不幸的人的重要性。cheerfully高高兴兴地;particularly特别地;confidently自信地;repeatedly反复地。2.A　参考上一题解析。fortunate幸运的;rich有钱的;comfortable舒适的;difficult困难的。3.B　出于习惯,每当“我”有节省下的东西,“我”都会给街边的流浪者。find找到;spare留出;exchange交换;abandon放弃。4.C　“我”把一些旧衣服、一个手提包和一些食物带给贫困的人。casual随便的;worn用坏的;old旧的;clean干净的。5.D　参考上一题解析。clumsy笨拙的;lucky幸运的;lonely孤独的;needy贫困的。6.D　“我”看到一个五六岁的小女孩儿在要钱。candy糖果;trouble麻烦;clothes衣服;money钱。7.C　“我”示意她走过来。want想要;order命令;signal示意;touch触摸。8.B　“我”快速地把这些东西都收到手提包里。throw扔;collect收集;drag拖,拉;drop减少。9.A　她看起来很吃惊。surprised惊讶的;satisfied满意的;panicky惊慌的;amused逗乐n的。10.C　她问“我”这个包里是什么。pocket口袋;car小汽车;bag手提包;hand手。11.D　根据“Shelookedupatmewithasweetsmileonherface…”可知,她再一次抬头看着“我”。waveat朝……挥手;nodat朝……点头;shakehandswith与……握手;lookupat抬头看。12.B　就在那时,“我”注意到了她干燥的嘴唇。realize意识到;notice注意;discover发现;see看见。13.A　看起来她一天都没有喝一滴水。drop滴;bottle瓶子;lot许多;cup杯子。14.C　“我”拿出一直携带的水杯,帮助她喝了一些水。require要求;advise建议;help帮助;direct指导。15.D　她快速地喝完水,并且给了“我”一个表示感谢的暖心的微笑。satisfaction满意;communication交流;expectation期待;appreciation感谢。16.A　可以提供给她真正渴望的东西,“我”感到非常欣慰。offer提供;afford买得起;understand理解;remember记得。17.B　你不一定非得做出巨大的捐赠来帮助别人。difference不同;donation捐赠;sense感觉;kindness善良。18.C　这件小事加强了“我”这样的信念:简单的、善意的行为,同样可以改变某人的一天。change改变;shake摇动;strengthen加强;destroy破坏。19.A　下次你想要为别人做一些好事,不要退缩,抓住合适的机会,否则就晚了。nice好心的;brave勇敢的;big大的;great伟大的。20.D　参考上一题解析。idea想法;power力量;position位置;opportunity机会。