（全国版）2020届高考英语一轮复习精练unit5课下语篇提能练（含解析）新人教版 7页

必修一Unit5课下语篇提能练Ⅰ.阅读理解AIncelebrationofWomen’sHistoryMonth,hereareafewofthemillionsofwomenthathavebrokenallconventionalrulestomakeadifferenceintheworld.SusanB.AnthonyBornonFebruary15,1820，SusanB．Anthonywasawomen’srightsactivistintheUS.Shespentmanyyearscampaigningforwomen’srighttovote.Anthonywasalsoagainstslavery,helpingsupportthepassageoftheCivilWarAmendments.Shealsolenthervoicetothebattleforequalpayandeducationalopportunitiesforall.AnneFrankAnneFrankgrewupinahappyfamily.However,thingschangedwhenHitlercametopower.Anneandherfamilywereforcedtohideinsideatinyhouse,wheretheyounggirlrecordedherfamily’sfearsandstruggles.Evenafteralltheseyears，herjournal,AnneFrank：TheDiaryofaYoungGirl,continuestobepopularwithpeopleacrossallagesandcultures.AungSanSuuKyiDeterminedtobringdemocracy(民主)toMyanmar,AungSanSuuKyifoundedtheNationalLeagueforDemocracy(NLD).SuuKyi’sopendispleasurewiththegovernmentresultedinherspendingmuchofthetimebetween1989and2010inprisonorunderhousearrest.In1991,SuuKyireceivedtheNobelPeacePrize.In2015,fiveyearsaftershehadbeenfreed,SuuKyi’sNLDPartywonagreatvictoryinthegeneralelections.MalalaYousafzaiMalalaYousafzaiwasborntoaPakistanieducatorandpoet.WhentheTalibandeclaredthatgirlsshouldnotbeeducated,theworld’syoungestNobelPrizewinnerdecidedtochallengetheseunfairpolicies(政策).OnOctober9,2012,shewasshotandbadlyinjured.Sincerecovering,Malalacontinuesherfightforgirls’education.Herbraveryisencouragingyoungpeopleallovertheworldtostandupforwhattheybelieveisright.1．Whomadeagreatcontributiontowomen’srighttovote?A．AnneFrank.　　　　　　B．MalalaYousafzai.nC．SusanB.Anthony.D．AungSanSuuKyi.解析：选C　细节理解题。根据SusanB.Anthony部分的介绍“Shespentmanyyearscampaigningforwomen’srighttovote.”可知答案。2．WhywasAungSanSuuKyiputintoprison?A．SherefusedtoleaveMyanmar.B．Shedemandedthatthedemocratsbefreed.C．Shevoiceddissatisfactionwiththegovernment.D．Sheblamedthegovernmentforitseconomicpolicy.解析：选C　细节理解题。根据AungSanSuuKyi部分的介绍“SuuKyi’sopendispleasurewiththegovernmentresultedinherspendingmuchofthetimebetween1989and2010inprison”可知，昂山素季因为表达对政府的不满而被投入监狱。3．Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedtodescribethewomenmentionedinthetext?A．Braveandinspiring.B．Reliableanddevoted.C．Honestandresponsible.D．Considerateandoptimistic.解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“hereareafewofthemillionsofwomenthathavebrokenallconventionalrulestomakeadifferenceintheworld”和文章中对四位女性的介绍可以推知，她们的英勇事迹激励了很多人。BHenriettaSwanLeavittwasbornonJuly4,1869,inMassachusetts.Littleisknownaboutherprivatelife.Asacollegestudent,shestudiedanumberofsubjectsandfellinlovewithastronomy.Leavittnevermarriedandwasconsideredaseriouswomanwithlittletimetowasteonunimportantaspectsoflife.Hercoworkersdescribedheraspleasantandfriendly,andmuchfocusedontheimportanceoftheworkshewasdoing.Shebegantoloseherhearingasayoungwomanduetoaconditionthatonlyworsenedwithtime.In1893,shebeganworkingatHarvardCollegeObservatoryunderthedirectionofastronomerE．C.Pickering.Hedirectedagroupofwomen,whowerecalled“computers”．These“computers”conductedimportantastronomyresearchbystudyingphotographicplates(照相底片)oftheskyandcataloging(编目录)characteristicsofstars.Thewomenwerenotallowedtooperatetelescopes,whichlimitedtheirabilitytoconducttheirownresearch.Theylivedatatimewhenwomen’scontributionswereundervaluedorignored.HenriettaLeavittcontinuedherresearchuntiljustbeforeherdeath,alwaysnthinkingofherselfasanastronomer,despiteherstartasanameless“computer”inPickering’sdepartment.WhileLeavittwasnotofficiallyrecognizedduringherlifeforherwork,HarlowShapley,theastronomerwhowastheHarvardCollegeObservatorydirector,didrecognizeherworthandmadeherheadofStellarPhotometryin1921.AtthattimeLeavittwassufferingfromcancer,andshediedatthesameyear.ThispreventedherfrombeingrecognizedasaNobelPrizeownerforhercontributions.Afterherdeath,hernamewasplacedonalunarcrater(月球陨石坑),andasteroid(小行星)5383Leavittcarrieshername.Atleastonebookhasbeenpublishedaboutherandhernameisusuallymentionedaspartofthehistoryofastronomicalcontributions.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。在大学的时候，Leavitt就对天文学产生了浓厚的兴趣。虽然那个年代存在对女性的歧视，但这并没有影响Leavitt取得非凡的成就。4．WhatcanwelearnaboutLeavitt?A．Shewashardtogetalongwith.B．Shesufferedfromcancerinchildhood.C．Sheneverregardedherselfasanastronomer.D．Shebecameinterestedinastronomyatcollege.解析：选D　细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“Asacollegestudent,shestudiedanumberofsubjectsandfellinlovewithastronomy.”可知，Leavitt在大学期间就对天文学产生了兴趣。5．Whywerethewomenregardedas“computers”？A．Theydevotedthemselvestoscience.B．Theywerelookeddownuponbyothers.C．Theyusedtoserveasworkingcomputers.D．Theyknewnothingbutphotographicplates.解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Theylivedatatimewhenwomen’scontributionswereundervaluedorignored.”可以推断出，她们被人们叫做“computers”是因为在那个年代，女性的成就是被人低估或忽视的。6．WhathappenedafterLeavitt’sdeath?A．Shewashonoredinaspecialway.B．ANobelPrizewasawardedtoher.C．Oneofherbookswaspublished.D．Herachievementswereignored.n解析：选A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Afterherdeath,hernamewasplacedonalunarcrater(月球陨石坑),andasteroid(小行星)5383Leavittcarrieshername.”可知，Leavitt去世后人们用特别的方式纪念她。7．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeLeavitt?A．Devoted.B．Generous.C．Reliable.D．Energetic.解析：选A　推理判断题。通读全文可知，Leavitt热爱天文学，对工作认真，尽管生前没有得到应有荣誉但对工作兢兢业业，很有奉献精神。CBorninLondonin1825,ThomasHenryHuxleywasoneofthegreatestmenofthenineteenthcentury.In1846ThomasHenryHuxleywasappointedassistantdoctoraboardH．M.S.Rattlesnake.TheshiphadbeenaskedtosurveyareasoftheGreatBarrierReefandtheneighboringseas.ThisgaveThomasHenryHuxleyanopportunitytostudyanimallifeandwasthestartofhisbiologicalcareer.Thevoyagelastedfouryears,duringwhichtimehegatheredmuchinformationonplankton(浮游生物)．Onhisreturnfromthevoyage,ThomasHenryHuxleywasmadeamemberoftheRoyalSocietyinrecognitionofhisscientificwork.Althoughhecontinuedtopublishpapersaboutplankton,hisinterestwasturningtowardsvertebrate(有脊椎的)animals.ForsometimeThomasHenryHuxleyandhisworkmateshadbeendiscussingthepossibilitythatanimalspecieshadevolved(进化),onefromanother.Nosatisfactorytheorieshadbeenputforward,butin1859Darwin’sOriginofSpeciesappeared.ThomasHenryHuxleyatoncerealizeditsimportanceandhowthetheoryofnaturalselectionprovided“theworkinghypothesis(假说)wesought”．FortherestofhislifeThomasHenryHuxleystruggledtoensurethefullrecognitionofDarwin’swork.In1863ThomasHenryHuxleypublishedMan’splaceinNatureinwhichhecomparedmanandgreatapes(猿)．Heclearlyshowedsimilarities.Despitehismanyachievements,hewasgivennoawardbytheBritishstateuntillateinhislife.Fromabout1870,ThomasHenryHuxleywastooinvolvedinotherthingstocontinueactualresearch.Hehadalwaysbeeninterestedineducation.Hepioneeredntheteachingofbiologyandhismethodofselecting“typeanimals”isstillfollowedtoday.Hespentthelasttenyearsofhislifewritingessaysmainlyonbiology.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国生物学家、教育家赫胥黎的生平以及他的主要科学研究。8．WhydidHuxleygoonthevoyage?A．Toexplorethedeepsea.B．Todoresearchonseaanimals.C．Toworkasadoctorontheship.D．Togatherinformationforhispaper.解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段的“In1846ThomasHenryHuxleywasappointedassistantdoctoraboardH．M.S.Rattlesnake.”可知，赫胥黎进行这次航行的最初目的是在船上担任助理医生。9．HowdidHuxleyreacttothetheoryofnaturalselection?A．Hehaddoubtaboutit.B．Hethoughthighlyofit.C．Hecouldn’tunderstandit.D．Hethoughthedevelopeditfirst.解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段的“ThomasHenryHuxleyatoncerealizeditsimportanceandhowthetheoryofnaturalselectionprovided’theworkinghypothesis(假说)wesought’．”可知，赫胥黎很重视达尔文的自然选择学说。10．WhatdoweknowaboutHuxley’sbookMan’sPlaceinNature?A．Itdiscussestheimportanceofhumanbeings.B．ItfocusesonDarwin’stheoryofnaturalselection.C．Ittalksaboutthedifferencesbetweenmanandapes.D．Itprovidesevidenceabouttheevolutionofmanfromapes.解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，赫胥黎在他的著作《人类在自然界的位置》中比较了人类与猿之间的相似处，说明他们在进化过程中的联系。11．WhatcanwelearnaboutHuxleyfromthelastparagraph?A．Hecontinuedhisresearchtillhisdeath.B．Hecontributedalottobiologyteaching.C．Henevergotawardsforhisachievements.nD．Hebecameagoodnovelistlateinhislife.解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Hehadalwaysbeeninterestedineducation.Hepioneeredtheteachingofbiologyandhismethodofselecting’typeanimals’isstillfollowedtoday.”可知，赫胥黎在生物教学方面做出了很大的贡献。Ⅱ.阅读七选五Intoday’sfastpacedworld,busylifestyleeasilyputsstressonrelationships.Disappointmentisafactoflife.Sometimesotherpeoplewillunavoidablydisappointyouorletyoudown.__1__Butyoudon’thavetoletitpreventyoulivingahappyandsuccessfullife.Thetipsbelowcanhelpyourecoverfromthehurtoranger.Allowyourfeelings.__2__Don’ttrytohidethem,becauseit’snaturaltofeeldisappointedwhenthepeopleyoutrustdon’tcomethroughforyou.Puttingthefeelingsintowordscanhelp.Figureoutwhyyoufeelsoletdownorbetrayed.__3__Doyouneedunderstanding,support,commitmentorconsideration?Letyourselffeelthedisappointmentoftheunmetneedandthenacceptitorcomeupwithwaysyoucanmeettheunmetneedforyourself.__4__Thinkaboutwhetheritwouldbeusefultospeakupaboutyourfeelingsofdisappointmentorbetrayal.Ifyoudecidetospeakup,thinkabouthowyoucoulddosomindfullyratherthanwithangryreactionsthatcanmakethingsworse.Setboundariesifyouneedto.Ifyou’vespokenupclearlyandthepersonstilldoesn’ttakeresponsibilityorchangetheirbehavior,howcanyoubesttakecareofyourself?__5__Boundariescanhelpyoufeelemotionallysafe,andtheyhelprestoreyourselfrespect.A．Decideifyouneedtospeakup.B．Youcan’tstoppeoplefromlettingyoudown.C．Learntobeyourownsupporterandbestfriend.D．Decideifthisissomeoneyoustillwantinyourlife.E．Feelingrefusedorbetrayedcancausesadness,anxietyoranger.F．Ifyouneedpracticalhelp,considerturningtoyourparentsorfriends.G．Thinkaboutwhatneedsofyoursaren’tbeingmetbythisperson’sresponse.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。当别人让你失望的时候，你该怎么办？本文作者提出了几点建议。n1．选B　上文指出，在生活中，有时候别人会让你感到失望，这是无法避免的。由空后的But可知，本空与后面一句为意义上的转折关系。尽管你不能阻止别人让你失望，但你可以不让这样的失望阻碍你过快乐、成功的生活。2．选E　空后一句中的them即指该选项中提到的sadness,anxietyoranger等情感，故选E项。3．选G　本段首句提出建议：找出让你感到失望的原因。本空内容承接上句内容：想一想你的哪些需要没有被对方满足。你需要理解、支持、承诺，还是关心？本段最后一句中的theunmetneed也是提示。4．选A　本空为本段的中心句：判断你是否应该大声说出来。本空后的两句都围绕speakup这一方法展开说明，因此，speakup为关键词。5．选D　上句指出，即使你清楚地告诉他们你的失望，有的人还是不会负责任，依旧不改变。那你生活中还需要这样的人吗？你最好与他们划清界线，由此逻辑可判断选D项。