2020高考英语大一轮复习unit1greatscientists教案 18页

Unit1Greatscientists一、课前基础自查(一)分类记单词——省时高效Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)1.characteristicn．　　特征；特性2.radiumn.镭3.analysevt.分析4.physiciann.医生；内科医师5.outbreakn.爆发；发作(尤指疾病或战争)6.victimn.受害者7.enquiryn.询问8.neighbourhoodn.附近；邻近9.pumpn.泵；抽水机vt.(用泵)抽(水)10.fireworkn.烟火(燃放)11.chartn.图表12.enthusiasticadj.热情的；热心的Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)1.defeatvt.　　打败；战胜；使受挫n.失败2.expertadj.熟练的；经验或知识丰富的n.专家；行家3.attendvt.照顾；护理；出席；参加4.exposevt.暴露；揭露；使曝光5.curen.治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治疗6.absorbvt.吸收；吸引；使专心7.suspectvt.认为；怀疑n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯8.foreseevt.预见；预知9.blamevt.责备；谴责n.过失；责备10.handlen.柄；把手vt.处理；操纵11.linkvt.&n.连接；联系12.positiveadj.积极的；肯定的；确实的Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)1.challengen．挑战vt.向……挑战→challengingadj.挑战性的2.cautiousadj.小心的；谨慎的→cautionn．小心；警告3.pollutevt.污染；弄脏→pollutionn．污染4.instructvt.命令；指示；教导→instructionn．传授→instructionspl.用法说明；指示；[语境活用]1.Itwasconcludedthathedidn'ttellusthetruth.Ialsocametotheconclusionthathelied.(conclude)2.Thewriterpersonallycontributed￡5,000totheearthquakefundlastweekandallhiscontributionsweregratefullyreceived.(contribute)n命令5.concludevt.&vi.结束；推断出→conclusionn．结论；结束6.contributevt.&vi.捐献；贡献；捐助→contributionn．贡献；捐款7.rejectvt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃→rejectionn．拒绝；抛弃8.scientificadj.科学的→sciencen．科学→scientistn．科学家9.announcevt.宣布；通告→announcementn．通知；宣告→announcern．播音员；宣告者10.certaintyn．确信；确实→certainadj.确实的；肯定的→certainlyadv.确定；肯定11.constructvt.建设；修建→constructionn．建设；建筑物12.responsibleadj.有责任的；负责的→responsibilityn．责任；负责13.paintern．画家；油漆匠→paintv．绘画；涂→paintingn．油画；水彩画14.universen．宇宙；世界→universaladj.普遍的；宇宙的→universallyadv.普遍地15.movementn．移动；运动；动作→movev．移动；运动3.MaryannouncedtoherteammatesthatshewastomarryaChineseboy,whoseannouncementoftheirmarriagewouldappearinthelocalnewspapernextweek.(announce)4.ThegreatbridgeunderconstructionisdesignedbyChineseengineersanditwilltakeaboutayeartoconstructthelargebridge.(construct)5.IwasboredwithmyjobandfeltIneededanewchallenge.LastweekIgotanewjobinabigfirm,andIfounditverychallenging.(challenge)6.Iwanttobeascientisttodiscoverascientificbreakthroughtosavepeople'slives.(science)7.Intheclass,ourteacherofteninstructsustoimproveourreadingabilityandhisinstructionmakesadifferenceinourEnglishlearning.(instruct)8.We'llberesponsibleforyoursafetyandyouneedtotakeresponsibilityforyouractions.(responsible)(二)练中记短语——记牢用活写准记牢语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)1.put_forward　　　　　　　　　提出2.draw_a_conclusion得出结论3.expose_...to使显露；暴露4.link_...to_...将……和……联系或连接起来5.apart_from除……之外；此外6.make_sense讲得通；有意义1.Theofficialplanput_forwardbyChinatobuildtheBelt&Roadwassupportedbymanycountries.2.Wemustbe_strict_withourstudentswhileweshouldgivethemloveandcareaswell.3.Iwrotealetterofcomplaint,andthen7.(be)_strict_with_...对……严格的8.be_to_blame应受谴责/责备9.look_into调查10.lead_to导致；通向managerhaspromisedtolook_intothematter.4.Wecan'tdraw_a_conclusionwithouthavingawideinvestigationintothismatter.5.Apart_fromtheEnglishclass,ItookanactivepartinallkindsofEnglishactivities.(三)仿写明句式——以用为本教材原句句式解读句式仿写1.Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。neither...nor...“既不……也不……”，连接两个并列的句子成分。秋天，这儿既不太热又不太冷。Inautumn,it'sneither_too_hot_nor_too_cold_here.2.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.所以每次爆发霍乱时，都有成千上万惊恐的人病死。everytime“每次”，作连词用，引导时间状语从句。每次我听到这首歌，它就使我想起与祖母在一起的幸福时光。Every_time_I_hear_the_song,_itmakesmethinkofthehappydayswhenIwaswithGranny.3.Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。“only＋状语(从句)”位于句首时后面的主句需用部分倒装。只有当你找到内心的安宁的时候，你才会与他人保持良好的关系。Onlywhenyoucanfindpeaceinyourheartwill_you_keep_good_relationshipswithothers.二、课堂重点深化1．concludevt.&vi.推断出；结束；达成；缔结　[自主体验]n单句语法填空①Heconcludedhisspeechwithafamoussaying：“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”②I'vecometotheconclusion(conclude)thathe'snottherightpersonforthejob.③Inconclusion,walkingisacheap,safe,enjoyableandreadilyavailableformofexercise.　[系统归纳](1)conclude(从……中)推断出……concludesth.以……结束……toconclude最后(2)conclusionn.结论；结束cometo/reach/drawaconclusion得出结论inconclusion总而言之　[重点强化]易错对对碰(from/with对比填空)④Heconcludedfromtheirremarksthattheywerenotinfavouroftheplan.⑤Whenthegroupdiscussionisnearingitsend,makesuretoconcludeitwithimportantpoints.佳句时时写(一句多译)我从我自己的经历中得出结论：患难见真情。⑥Idrew_a_conclusion_from_my_own_experiences_thatafriendinneedisafriendindeed.(conclusion)⑦Iconcluded_from_my_own_experiences_thatafriendinneedisafriendindeed.(conclude)2．attendvt.照顾；护理；出席；参加vi.专心；留意　[自主体验]单句语法填空①Asadaughter,Ifeelitmydutytoattendon/uponmysickmother.②AsfarasIknow,thepatientsarewellattended(attend)inthehospital.　[系统归纳]attendameeting/alecture/awedding/aclass参加会议/听讲座/参加婚礼/听课attendon/uponsb.伺候某人；照顾某人attendto处理；专心于；照顾n　[重点强化]易错对对碰(attendto/attendon)③Ialwayshavesomanythingstoattend_towhenIcomebacktothecompanyafteratripabroad.④Wemustattend_onthepeoplewhoareinpoorhealth.佳句时时写⑤我是李华，我想邀请你听一位著名教授的讲座。I'mLiHuaandI'dliketo_invite_you_to_attend_a_lecturewhichisgivenbyafamousprofessor.3．exposevt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面临　[自主体验]单句语法填空①Somepeoplethinkweshouldn'texposethechildrentoplaying(play)computergames.②Andthemorebirdsare_exposed(expose)tolight,themoreactivetheyareatnight.　[系统归纳](1)expose...to...暴露；使显露；使……接触……exposeoneselfto...使自己面临……；使自己暴露于……(2)beexposedto遭受到；(使)接触到　[重点强化]易错对对碰(用expose的适当形式填空)③Being_exposedtothesuntoomuchisbadforyourskin.④Exposedtosomanyadvertisements,wecan'thelpbeingpersuadedtobuysomethingwedon'treallyneed.佳句时时写⑤Whenchildrenareexposedtodifficultsituations,theyarebetterathandlingchallengingsituations.(用分词作状语升级句子)→Exposed_to_difficult_situations,_childrenarebetterathandlingchallengingsituations.[名师指津]　expose...to...,exposeoneselfto,beexposedto中to均为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。4．absorbvt.吸收；吸引；使专心；吞并；理解；掌握　[自主体验]n写出下列句中absorb的含义①Mostlittleshopshavebeenabsorbedintobigbusinessesduetotheinfluenceoftheglobalfinancialcrisis.吞并②Afterabsorbingenoughwater,theplantsgrowwell.吸收③Ikeepthelessonsimplebecausethestudentscan'tabsorbthatmuch.理解　[系统归纳](1)absorbone'sattention　　吸引某人的注意absorb...into...把……吸收进……absorboneselfin...专心于；全神贯注于(2)absorbedadj.全神贯注的(be)absorbedin...全神贯注于……　[重点强化]易错对对碰(用absorb的适当形式填空)④Theboysatbesidethewindow,absorbinghimselfinanovel.⑤Theboysatbesidethewindow,absorbedinanovel.佳句时时写(一句多译)汤姆如此专心于工作以至于他忘记告知我会议的时间。⑥Tomwas_so_absorbed_in_his_workthatheforgottoinformmeofthetimeofthemeeting.(absorbed)⑦So_absorbed_was_Tom_in_his_workthatheforgottoinformmeofthetimeofthemeeting.(用so...that...的倒装句)⑧Absorbed_in_his_work,_Tomforgottoinformmeofthetimeofthemeeting.(分词作状语)5．blamevt.责备；谴责；把……归咎于n.过失；责备　[自主体验]单句语法填空①Sheblamedthefailureoftheirmarriageonherhusband.②(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning,andputtheblameonthealarmclock.③(2018·江苏高考)Somesocialappcompanieswereto_blame(blame)becausetheydidn'tadequatelychecktheirusers'registration.　[系统归纳](1)blamesb.forsth./doingsth.　为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事blamesth.onsb.把某事归咎于某人nbetoblame(for)应(为……)承担责任；应(为……)受责备(2)put/laytheblameforsth.on...将某事归咎于……taketheblamefor为……负责；为……承担责任　[重点强化]佳句时时写(一句多译)诚实地说，李华应该为这次冲突负责。④Tobehonest,LiHuais_to_blame_fortheconflict.(blamev．)⑤Honestlyspeaking,LiHuashould_take_the_blame_fortheconflict.(blamen．)6．contributevt.&vi.捐献；贡献；捐助　[自主体验]单句语法填空①(2017·江苏高考)LocatedwheretheBeltmeetstheRoad,JiangsuwillcontributemoretotheBeltandRoadconstruction.②Yourcontribution(contribute)willcertainlymaketheeventahugesuccess.③Inconclusion,everyoneshouldmakeacontributiontoprotecting(protect)theenvironment.　[系统归纳](1)contributesth.to...　　　　把某物捐献给……contributeto有助于；导致；投稿(2)contributionn.捐款；贡献；稿件makeacontributionto对……做出贡献　[重点强化]佳句时时写④把小事做好有助于增强我们的自信心，并帮助我们迎接未来更大的挑战。Doingsmallthingswellcontributes_to_building_up_our_confidenceandhelpingusmeetbiggerchallengesinthefuture.僻义牢牢记⑤(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Ifyouwanttocontributetoournewspaper,pleasesendmeyourarticlebeforethedeadline.投稿[名师指津]　contributesth.to...,contributeto,makeacontributionto中的to均为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。n1．putforward提出(建议)；推荐；将……提前；将(钟表等)向前拨　[自主体验]写出下列句中putforward的含义①Themanagerputforwardasuggestionthatweshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.提出②Ithinkheisfitfortheposition；therefore,I'llputhimforwardasacandidate.推荐③Theyhaveputforwardthedateoftheirweddingbyoneweek.将……提前　[系统归纳]putaside　　　　节省；储蓄；储存；留出putaway放好；积蓄putoff延期；推迟putup举起；张贴；建立；提供食宿putthrough接通电话；完成；使经受　[重点强化]易错对对碰(putaside/putoff)④Encouragechildrentoput_asidesomeoftheirpocketmoneytobuyChristmaspresents.⑤Itwasbecauseofthebadweatherthatthefootballmatchwasput_off.佳句时时写(词汇替换)⑥Hecameupwithagoodideatosolvethedifficultproblematthemeeting.→Heput_forwardagoodideatosolvethedifficultproblematthemeeting.2．makesense有意义；有道理；讲得通　[系统归纳](1)makesenseof　　　理解；明白makenosense没道理；没意义(2)inasense在某一方面；就某种意义来说innosense决不(位于句首时用部分倒装)(3)thereisno/littlesenseindoingsth.　做某事没道理　[重点强化]单句语法填空①AsfarasI'mconcerned,thereisnosenseingetting(get)upsetaboutitnow.②Innosenseshouldyouloseheart;keeptryingandyouwillmakeitsoonernorlater.同义替换③See,yourcomputerhasbrokendownagain!Itisn'treasonabletobuythecheapestbrandofcomputerjusttosaveafewdollars.→See,yourcomputerhasbrokendownagain!Itdoesn'tmake_sensetobuythecheapestbrandofcomputerjusttosaveafewdollars.佳句时时写(词汇升级)④TherearesomanynewwordsinthepassagethatIcouldhardlyunderstandthematall.→TherearesomanynewwordsinthepassagethatIcouldhardlymake_sense_ofthematall.3．neither...nor...“既不……也不……”　[教材原句]　Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.　[自主体验]①(2016·江苏高考书面表达)Neithershouldweembraceonlinevotingaimlesslynorcanwedenyitcompletely.②NotonlyJohnandTombutalsotheirsister,Mary,takes(take)greatinterestinthepianolessonsnow.③Eitheryouoroneofyourstudentsis(be)toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.④Theteacherisnotcontentwiththeresult.Thestudentsarenotcontentwiththeresult.(句式升级)→Neither_the_teacher_nor_the_students_arecontentwiththeresult.　[归纳点拨](1)neither...nor...“既不……也不……”，连接句中两个并列的句子成分。当连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则。(2)遵循“就近一致原则”的其他并列连词：or　　　　　　　　　　　　　或者either...or...不是……就是……；或者……或者……notonly...but(also)...不但……而且……not...but...不是……而是……　[佳句背诵]①(增分要点句)Thisphenomenonisneithergoodnorbad;itisafactofcollegenlife,todayandinthepast.这种现象既不是很好也不是很差；这就是现实中的大学生活，过去是这样，现在依然还是如此。②(增分要点句)Notyoubutthescientististoattendtheceremonytobeheldinourschool.不是你而是这位科学家将出席我们学校举办的典礼。4．everytime引导时间状语从句　[教材原句]　Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedevery_timetherewasanoutbreak.　[自主体验]①(2016·浙江高考)Every_timehearrivedhomeattheendoftheday,we'dgreethimatthedoor.每次他在一天结束回到家，我们都在门口迎接他。②The_first_timehecametothecity,hedecidedtosettlethere.他第一次来到那个城市，就决定在那里安家。③Onarriving(arrive)home,hesetouttodohishousework.　[归纳点拨]用法规则(1)everytime是名词词组作连词，相当于whenever，引导时间状语从句，从句谓语常用一般现在时或一般过去时。(2)名词词组作连词用而且能引导时间状语从句的还有：anytime　　　　　　　　　任何时候nexttime下次……时thelasttime最后一次the＋序数词＋time第……次(3)the＋瞬间名词(moment/minute/instant/second)一……就……on/upondoingsth.一……就……注意事项此类名词词组可单独引导时间状语从句，因此后面不再用when。引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。　[佳句背诵]①(增分要点句)(2017·天津高考书面表达)IdohopethatyoucanpayavisittoTianjineverytimeyoucometoChina.②(增分要点句)(2016·浙江高考写作)TomdashedouttheinstantthehelicopternlandedandhuggedJanetightly.本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“科学精神”子话题相对应一、话题语素积累多一点话题词汇记一记子话题(一)　科学研究温故浅易词汇①study　　　②solve　　　③puzzle　　④observe⑤discover⑥achieve⑦cause⑧cure⑨theory⑩progress⑪find⑫suppose识记生疏词汇①establishmentn．建立　　②organizevt.组织③inspirationn．灵感④honourn．荣誉⑤designvt.设计⑥developmentn．发展⑦undertakevt.承担；负责⑧inventvt.发明子话题(二)　科学家品质与智力温故浅易词汇①determined　　　②hardworking　　③intelligence④talented⑤outstanding⑥grateful⑦mercy⑧kind⑨support⑩devoted⑪courage⑫curious识记生疏词汇①creativeadj.创造性的　②potentialn．潜力③generousadj.慷慨大方的④virtuen．美德；品行⑤dignityn．尊贵；高尚⑥reliableadj.可信赖的⑦diligentadj.勤奋的⑧confidentadj.自信的⑨thoughtful/considerateadj.考虑周到的常用词块忆一忆①makeagreatcontributionto　　对……做出突出贡献②becomeinvolvedin参与……③inthefieldof在……领域④getovervarietiesofdifficulties克服各种各样的困难⑤playaleadingrolein起着重要的作用⑥achieveone'sdream实现某人的梦想⑦havemaderapidprogressin在某方面取得很大的进步n⑧devote...to...把……用于……⑨receivetheNobelPeacePrize获得诺贝尔和平奖⑩facethechallenge面对挑战写作佳句背一背①Itisscienceandtechnologythatmakesourlifemoreconvenient.②Thelittlegirlissointerestedinthephysicalworldthatshewillnodoubtbeagreatscientist.③Inthelastdecades,advancesinmedicaltechnologyhavemadeitpossibleforpeopletolivelongerthaninthepast.④Owingtohisgreatcontributiontoagriculture,YuanLongpingwillalwaysberememberedas“FatherofHybridRice”．二、“分步写作”表达准一点话题应用文分步写作假定你是李华，请根据下面表格中的内容提示，为校报的英语园地写一篇英语短文，介绍你最崇拜的一位中国科学家。姓名梁建英出生年份1972年职务中国高铁总设计师主要经历(1)1995年大学毕业后开始从事高铁研究工作(2)研制出时速300～350千米高速动车组(3)2015年获奖注意：1.词数80左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：高速动车组highspeedEMU第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点本文属于应用文中的人物介绍，时态以一般过去时和一般现在时为主，人称为第三人称。文章可分两个层次：主体部分应依据题目所给的要点进行构思，介绍梁建英的职务、出生年份、主要经历(1995年大学毕业后开始从事高铁研究工作；研制出时速300～350千米高速动车组；2015年获奖)，由于所给要点齐全，只要清清楚楚表达出来即可；最后表达自己的感想。要点1－①：梁建英是中国高铁总设计师。她出生于1972年。Liang_Jianying_is_general_designer_of_the_China_highspeed_EMU.She_was_born_in_1972.n要点1－②：梁建英1995年毕业。她一直致力于研究中国高速列车的发展。(devote...to)Liang_Jianying_graduated_in_1995._She_has_been_devoting_all_her_time_to_researching_into_the_development_of_the_China_highspeed_railway.要点1－③：她研制出时速300～350千米高速动车组。She_invented_the_300～350km/h_highspeed_EMU.要点1－④：她在2015年获奖。(award)She_was_awarded_in_2015.要点2：梁建英给我们树立了好榜样。从她身上，我意识到我们应该不断努力直至实现我们的梦想。Liang_Jianying_has_set_a_good_example_to_us.From_her,_I_realize_that_we_should_keep_on_trying_until_we_realize_our_dreams.第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼句式丰富多彩，表达高级是高分的基础，因此要对句式进行升级拓展，使表达更充实，内容更丰富。如要点1－①合并升级为名词短语作同位语；要点1－②升级为since引导的时间状语从句；要点1－③增添她研制出时速300～350千米高速动车组的结果“使我们快速出行更加便利”，并使用v.ing形式作结果状语。升级要点1－①：梁建英是中国高铁总设计师，出生于1972年。(合并升级为名词短语作同位语)Liang_Jianying,_general_designer_of_the_China_highspeed_EMU,_was_born_in_1972.升级要点1－②：自从她1995年毕业，她一直致力于研究中国高速列车的发展。(合并升级为时间状语从句)Since_she_graduated_in_1995,_she_has_been_devoting_all_her_time_to_researching_into_the_development_of_the_China_highspeed_railway.拓展要点1－③：她研制出时速300～350千米高速动车组，使我们快速出行更加便利。(v.ing形式作结果状语)She_invented_the_300～350km/h_highspeed_EMU,_making_it_more_convenient_for_us_to_get_around_quickly.第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡本写作可采用“总—分”结构来行文，使文章显得紧凑。结合要点，根据上下文之间的逻辑关系，可添加过渡性词汇afterwards，asaconsequence使文章衔接紧密，过渡自然。Liang_Jianying,_general_designer_of_the_China_highspeed_EMU,_was_born_in_1972.Since_she_graduated_in_1995,_she_has_been_devoting_all_her_time_to_researching_into_the_development_of_the_China_highspeed_railway._Afterwards,_she_ninvented_the_300～350km/h_highspeed_EMU,_making_it_more_convenient_for_us_to_get_around_quickly._As_a_consequence,_she_was_awarded_in_2015.Liang_Jianying_has_set_a_good_example_to_us.From_her,_I_realize_that_we_should_keep_on_trying_until_we_realize_our_dreams.一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)It'smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit'sawkwardandchallenging(challenge),orwethinkit'sannoyingandunnecessary.2．(2017·天津高考)Intheyearsofmygrowingup,Dadwasstrictwithme.3．(2016·浙江高考)Viewingchildhooddevelopmentasascientific(science)investigationthrowslightonhowchildrenlearn,butitalsooffersaninspiringlookatscienceandscientists.4．(2016·浙江高考)Toreturntotheproblemofwaterpollution(pollute),I'dlikeyoutolookatastudyconductedinAustraliain2012.5．(2016·浙江高考)Therelationshipsyoudevelopnowwillprobablybe_linked(link)totheonesyouvaluelater,sobewiseaboutthepeoplewhoyouinvestyourselfin.6．(2016·北京高考)However,whensomethingdidinterestme,Icouldbecomeabsorbed(absorb)．7．(2015·重庆高考)Onlyinthiswaycanwemakeagreatcontribution(contribute)toourfamilyandoursociety.8．(2015·天津高考)Theauthor'smothertoldhimtoborrowabookinordertohelpcurehimofhisreadingproblem.Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空(选用attend,cure,announce,contribute填空)1．(2018·江苏高考完形填空)RaynorWinnandherhusbandMothbecamehomelessduetotheirwronginvestment.Theirsavingshadbeenuseduptopaylawyers'fees.Tomakemattersworse,Mothwasdiagnosed(诊断)withaseriousdisease.Therewasno__38__，onlypainrelief.cure2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ完形填空)Afterthat,feelingtheneedtoexplorefurther,IdecidedtodropinononeofASLClub'smeetings.Ionlylearnedhowtosignthenalphabetthatday.Yetinsteadofbeingdiscouragedbymyslowprogress,Iwasexcited.Ithenmadeitapointto__55__thosemeetingsandlearnallIcould.attend3．(2017·北京高考完形填空)ShestartedtheLadybugFoundation,anorganizationaimingatgettingridofhomelessness.Shebegantohost“BigBosses”lunches,whereshewouldtrytopersuadelocalbusinessleadersto__46__tothecause.contribute4．(2016·天津高考完形填空)Thencamethefinalawardsceremonyattheendoftheyear.Cathydidn'texpectanyawardbutwasstilltheretocheeronherfriendsandpraisetheiraccomplishments.Astheceremonywasnearingtheend,Isuddenlyheardtheheadcoach__31__，“ThehighesthonorgoestoCathy！”Lookingaround,hecontinued,“Cathyhasinspireduswithherwillandenthusiasm...”announcing二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度新高考下的命题新视角：科学精神是一个国家繁荣富强、一个民族进步必不可少的精神。习近平在全国政协会议上强调“要在全社会弘扬科学精神，要有求真务实的科学态度和只争朝夕的奋斗精神”。科学精神是科学发展观的灵魂，带领我们一步步走向胜利。科学精神相关话题的题目也一直是高考中的热点，建议考生多多关注与此相关的材料。[话题感悟]学习目标——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深(加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)[1]WhentwelveyearoldJohnWilsonwalkedintohischemistryclassonarainydayinlateOctober1931,hehadnowayofknowinghislifewasabouttochangecompletely.AsJohnheatedacontainerwithaBunsenburner,thecontainer__1__，sendingtheliquidflyinginalldirections.JohnWilsoncameawayfromit,completely__2__.[2]Wilsonspentthenexttwomonthsinhospital.Afterhereturnedhome,hisparents__3__ahardtimetofindawaytohandlethe__4__thathadhappenedtotheirlives.ButWilsondidnot__5__theaccidentasadisaster.Heknewhehadtherestofhislifetolive.HelearnedBraille(盲文)quicklyandcontinuedhis__6__attheesteemedWorcesterCollegeforthedisabled.There,henotonly__7__asastudentbutalsobecameanaccomplishedrower,swimmer,actor,musician,andorator.[3]Manypeople,facedwiththe__8__JohnWilsonmetwith,wouldhave__9__oftheirexperience.Perhapstheywouldhaveconsideredthemselvestobe__10__bynillfortuneanddiscouragedintheir__11__todoanythingsignificantwiththeirlives.Wilson,however,losthissightbutfounda__12__.Throughhispracticalactionandlifeattitude,heprovedtous__13__thatit'snotwhathappenstousthat__14__ourlives—it'swhatwemake__15__whathappens.语篇解读：本文为夹叙夹议文。十二岁的JohnWilson在做实验的时候因发生意外而失明了，但是他并没有抱怨命运的不公或者就此消沉下去，而是以积极的心态和行动来面对自己的每一天。1．A.leaked　　　　　　　　　　B．explodedC．collapsedD．melted解析：选B　根据下文中的“sendingtheliquidflyinginalldirections”可知，器皿爆炸了，使得液体四处飞溅。explode“爆炸”符合语境。leak“泄漏”；collapse“倒塌”；melt“融化”。2．A.dumbB．lameC．deafD．blind解析：选D　根据下文中的“HelearnedBraille(盲文)quickly”“losthissight”可知，他失明了。故blind“失明的”符合语境。3．A.calledforB．droveoffC．wentthroughD．dependedon解析：选C　他从医院回来后，他的父母度过了一段困难时期。gothrough“经历，度过”符合语境。callfor“要求”；driveoff“击退，赶走”；dependon“依赖”。4．A.catastropheB．coincidenceC．dilemmaD．drawback解析：选A　根据上文提及的JohnWilson在做实验时因为意外而失明的内容和下文的“adisaster”可知，他的父母为找到应对发生在他们身上的灾难的办法而度过了一段困难时期。catastrophe“灾难”符合语境。coincidence“巧合”；dilemma“进退两难的困境”；drawback“缺点”。5．A.electB．appointC．regardD．recommend解析：选C　但是JohnWilson并没有把这起事故当作灾难。regard...as...“把……看成是……”符合语境。elect...as...“把……选为……”；appoint...as...“把……任命为……”；recommend...as...“把……推荐为……”。6．A.educationB．occupationC．contributionD．recovery解析：选A　根据下文中的“attheesteemedWorcesterCollegeforthendisabled”“asastudent”可知，他在为残疾人开办的院校继续接受教育。education“教育”符合语境。occupation“职业”；contribution“贡献”；recovery“痊愈，恢复”。7．A.survivedB．shoneC．competedD．registered解析：选B　根据下文中的“butalsobecameanaccomplishedrower,swimmer,actor,musician,andorator”可知，作为一位学生，他不但成绩优秀，而且在诸多方面都表现突出。shine“出色”符合语境。survive“幸存，幸免于难”；compete“竞争”；register“登记，注册”。8．A.discriminationB．resistanceC．circumstancesD．uncertainties解析：选C　面对JohnWilson遇到的情况，许多人都可能会怨天尤人。circumstance“情况，情形”符合语境。discrimination“歧视”；resistance“抵制”；uncertainty“不确定的事情”。9．A.dreamedB．thoughtC．approvedD．complained解析：选D　参见上题解析。complain“抱怨”。10．A.criticizedB．motivatedC．surroundedD．interrupted解析：选C　根据下文中的“illfortune”“discouraged”可知，他们会认为自己被厄运缠身了。surround“包围，环绕”符合语境。criticize“批评”；motivate“激发”；interrupt“打断”。11．A.preferencesB．requirementsC．failuresD．attempts解析：选D　他们在尝试做人生中任何重要的事情时也会感到沮丧。attempt“尝试，试图”符合语境。preference“偏爱”；requirement“要求”；failure“失败”。12．A.bridgeB．visionC．rewardD．cure解析：选B　根据上文中的“losthissight”和下文中的“Throughhispracticalactionandlifeattitude”可知，他失去了视力，却对未来有一种憧憬。vision“构想，设想”符合语境。bridge“桥梁”；reward“回报”；cure“疗法”。13．A.dramaticallyB．occasionallyC．abruptlyD．roughly解析：选A　根据上文中的“Throughhispracticalactionandlifeattitude”可n知，他(积极的)实际行动和(乐观的)生活态度显著地向我们证明了并不是发生在我们身上的事情决定了我们的生活。dramatically“显著地”符合语境。occasionally“偶尔”；abruptly“突然地”；roughly“粗略地”。14．A.limitsB．predictsC．determinesD．replaces解析：选C　参见上题解析。determine“决定，支配”符合语境。limit“限制”；predict“预测”；replace“取代”。15．A.ofB．fromC．forD．up解析：选A　决定我们生活的并不是发生在我们身上的事情而是我们如何理解所发生的事情。makesth.ofsb./sth.“理解，对待”符合语境。学习目标——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透完形填空技法(4)——利用背景常识破解中档题利用背景常识解题，即将相关信息和我们的生活经验、文化背景知识，以及科学常识等结合起来，进行简单推理，从而得出正确答案。事实上，该技巧与“逻辑推理”常常交织在一起，因为逻辑推理离不开背景常识。如上文第2题，由下文“learnedBraille(盲文)”和“losthissight”可知，他失明了。