2019年高中英语unit15learningsectionⅵlesson4教案（含解析）北师大版 22页

SectionⅥLesson4[原文呈现]“Whoquestionsmuch,shalllearnmuch,andremembermuch.”—FrancisBacon(1561－1626)Itseemsobviousnowhowweacquire①knowledgeandunderstanding②.Tostartwith③，youneedquestions.Then,tofindanswers,youobserve④theworldaroundyouandstudythefacts.Afterthatyouconsiderpossibleanswersandtesteachtofindtherightones.⑤Althoughtodaywearemoreaccustomedto⑥typingafewkeywordsintoasearchengineandwaitingfortheInternettospittheanswerout⑦forus,modernscientistsandthinkersarestillsolvingtheworld'sproblemswiththistypeofanalysis—⑧luckilyforus.①acquire[ə′kwaIə]vt.获得，得到②it作形式主语，how引导的从句为真正的主语。③tostartwith＝tobeginwith首先④observev．观察；遵守⑤although引导让步状语从句，可与still,yet连用，不与but连用。⑥be/getaccustomedto习惯于(to为介词)be/getusedto习惯于⑦spitout吐出⑧破折号表示解释说明。“勤于提问的人学到的更多，并且记住的更多。”——弗兰西斯·培根(1561－1626)[第1段译文]我们如何获取知识及如何理解现在似乎显而易见。首先，你需要提出问题。然后，为了找到答案，你观察自己周围的世界，并研究事实。之后，你考虑可能的答案，并且一一加以测试来找出正确的答案。尽管我们现在更习惯于在搜索引擎里敲进几个关键词，等待互联网为我们吐出答案；然而对我们来说幸运的是，当代的科学家和思想家还是用这种分析的方法来解决世界上的问题。　　However,inthe17thcenturywhenFrancisBaconsuggestedthatthistypeofthinking⑨wasthewaytogainknowledge,hewasgoingagainst⑩theviewsofthenday⑪.Baconheldanimportantrank⑫underKingJames(1566—1625)ofEnglandbuthistrueinterestwasnotthedaytodaybureaucratic⑬detailsofthegovernment,buttheworthy⑭searchforknowledge.Thiswascertainlynottheinterestofmostpeopleinhisday.Atthattime,peoplebelievedmoreinreligion⑮thaninfactsandpeoplelikeGalileoGalilei(1564—1642),whoprovedscientificideassuchas“theEarthisnotthecentreoftheuniverse”，wereoftenpunishedbythechurchwithnoonecomingtotheirdefence⑯.Thechurchandmanypeopletendedto⑰ignore⑱thefactsandwereunwilling⑲tochallengewhattheyhadalwayscomfortablybelieved⑳.Theypreferredtomakeassumptionsabouttheworldbasedontheexperienceofothers.Infact,whenGalileiprovedthattheEarthwasnotthecentreoftheuniverse,insteadofbelievinghim,peoplechosetobelieveviewsthatwerealmost2,000yearsold！⑨thinking[′θIŋkIŋ]n．思考，考虑⑩goagainst违背，反对⑪when引导定语从句，修饰先行词the17thcentury;that引导宾语从句。⑫rank[ræŋk]n．职衔⑬bureaucratic[ˌbjʊərə'krætIk]adj.官僚的⑭worthy['wɜːði]adj.值得的beworthy　值得做某事⑮religion[rI'lIdʒən]n．宗教⑯defence[dI'fens]n．保卫，保护indefenceof保卫……；为……辩护⑰tendto往往会，倾向于⑱ignore[Iɡ'nɔː]vt.忽视，不顾⑲unwilling[ʌn'wIlIŋ]adj.不情愿的⑳what引导的从句作challenge的宾语。assumption[ə'sʌmpʃən]n．假定，假设ontheassumptionthat...假定……，假设……(be)basedon以……为基础basedon...是过去分词短语作后置定语。[第2段译文]然而，在17世纪，当弗兰西斯·培根提出这种思考方式是获取知识的途径时，他背离了当时的观念。在英国詹姆士国王(1566－1625n)统治时期，培根是一位身居要职的官员，但是他真正的兴趣不是政府每日的繁文缛节，而是对知识的崇高追求。这当然不是他那个时代大多数人的兴趣。那时，人们更多地相信宗教，而不是事实。像伽利略·伽利莱(1564－1642)这样证明了例如“地球不是宇宙的中心”等科学观点的人常常被教会惩罚而无人为他们辩护。教会和许多人往往会忽视事实，不愿意去挑战他们一直习惯于相信的一切。他们宁愿以其他人的经验为依据对世界作出假设。事实上，当伽利莱证实地球不是宇宙的中心时，人们不相信他的话，而是宁愿去相信存在了将近两千年的观点！　　ItisnotsurprisingthatpeoplewantedtobelievetheseancientviewsastheyhadbeenputforwardbythegreatphilosopherAristotle(384—322BC).HesaidthattheEarthmustbethecentreoftheuniversebecauseitfeltliketheEarthwasstandingstill.Galileidisagreed.Atfirst,peopleapprovedofhisstudiesandurgedhimtocontinue,butlaterwhenheprovedAristotlewrong,theygrewangryandputhiminprison.Theydidn'twanttochallengewhatthey'dalwaysthoughtwastrue.Thisalsoshowshowpeopledidn'twanttosearchfortheirownunderstandingoreducatethemselves.Andthisisstilloftentruetoday.Peoplefeelthatifsomeoneimportantandrespectedsaysthatsomethingisright,thenitmustbeso.ButeventhoughAristotlewasagreatmanwhoinspiredmanygreatscientistsandphilosophersafterhim，hewaswrongattimes.AndGalileitoomademistakes.Heisnowknownasthefatherofastronomybuthebelievedthattheearthmovedroundthesuninaperfectcircle.Hewaswrong.Thereforeourunderstandingoftheworldaroundusisconstantlygrowingandchanging.Inotherwords，welearnmoreeverydayandnoneofuscaneversitbackandsay,“Weknowitall.”putforward提出Itisnotsurprisingthat...中，it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语；本句中又包含一个as引导的原因状语从句。approveof赞成，赞许approve[ə'pruːv]v．赞成；认可；满意urge[ɜːdʒ]vt.力劝，强烈要求urgesb.todosth.强烈要求某人做某事nputsb.inprison把某人投入监狱challengev．向……挑战searchfor搜寻(＝lookfor)insearchof寻找，搜寻inone'ssearchfor某人寻找……respectedadj.受尊敬的，受敬重的inspire[In'spaIə]v．启发；鼓舞inspiresb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事inspiringadj.令人鼓舞的who引导定语从句，修饰agreatman。inotherwords换句话说inaword总而言之sitback坐下休息；袖手旁观[第3～4段译文]人们愿意相信这些古老的观点并不奇怪，因为这些观点是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384－公元前322)提出来的。他说地球一定是宇宙的中心，因为从感觉上讲地球是静止不动的。伽利莱不同意这种说法。起初，人们赞同他的研究并敦促他继续进行，但是后来当他证明亚里士多德错了的时候，他们就生气了，把他关进了监狱。他们不愿意挑战他们一直认为正确的东西。这也表明人们是多么不愿意去探索自己对事物的理解或教育自己。在今天，这仍然是事实。人们认为，如果某个重要的和受尊敬的人说某事是正确的，那它一定是正确的。但即使是亚里士多德这样一位启发了他以后许多杰出的科学家和哲学家的伟大人物，有时也会出错。伽利莱也犯过错误。虽然他现在以天文学之父而闻名，但是他认为地球围绕太阳转动的轨迹是一个精确的圆圈。他是错误的。因此，我们对周围世界的理解是不断发展和变化的。换句话说，我们每天都在学习更多东西，谁也不能悠然自得地说：“我们什么都知道。”Weneedtothankthegreatmenofthepastforthewisdomtoknowthatwedon'tknowitallandprobablyneverwill,forthatwouldmeanaworldwithoutquestions.SomuchofourknowledgeandunderstandingoftheworldtodayisduetopeoplelikenBaconandGalilei,whowerebraveenoughtostepoutfromtheshadowsofconventionalthoughtinordertofindthekingdomofknowledgethattoday'scivilisationisbuiltupon.Thesemenknewthatknowledgeandunderstandingarethingstofightfor；morevitaltoaman,andmorebeneficialtomankind,somemightsay,thanallthemoneyintheworld.“Alltruthsareeasytounderstandoncetheyarediscovered;thepointistodiscoverthem.”——GalileoGalilei(1564—1642)for为并列连词，表示原因。shadow['ʃædəʊ]n．阴影，影子从本质上讲，shadow指一个平面；shade“阴凉处”，指一个立体空间。conventional[kən'venʃənəl]adj.传统的，保守的kingdom['kIŋdəm]n．王国civilisation[ˌsIvəlaI'zeIʃən]n．文明civilisevt.使文明fightfor为……而战fightagainst同……进行斗争vital['vaItl]adj.极其重要的bevitalto对……极为重要beneficial[ˌbenI'fIʃəl]adj.有用的，有益的bebeneficialto对……有益[第5～6段译文]我们要感谢历史上伟人的才智，它让我们懂得，我们不是什么都懂，或许永远不会什么都懂，如果我们什么都懂，那将意味着世界上没有问题了。因此，我们今天对世界拥有这么多的知识和理解，是因为有培根和伽利莱这样的人，为了发现建造今天文明的知识王国，他们勇敢地从传统思想的阴影中走出来。这些人懂得知识和理解是要奋斗的东西；有人或许会说，对一个人来说，它们比世界上所有的金钱更重要；对人类来说，更有益。“所有的真理一旦被发现都很容易被人理解，问题是要有人去发现真理。”——伽利略·伽利莱(1564—1642)nFastreadingSkimthetextandfinishthefollowingquestions.1．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?Themainideaofthetextisthatpeople_should_question_more_because_great_men,_even_Aristotle_and_Galilei,_might_make_mistakes.2．Matchtheparagraphswiththeirmainideas.Para.1　　A．Peoplebelievedinwhatsomeoneimportantandrespectedsaid.Para.2B．Peopletrytosolvetheworld'sproblemswithanalysis.Paras.3&4C．Peoplethankedthegreatmenwhostudiedinascientificway.Para.5D．Peoplebelievedinreligioninancienttime.答案：Para.1—B;Para.2—D;Paras.3&4—A；Para.5—CCarefulreadingReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．What'stheveryfirststepofFrancisBacon'stypeofthinking?A．Raisingquestions.B．Observingtheworld.C．Thinkingoverthepossibleanswers.D．Testingforarightanswer.2．Whatdoweknowfromthepassage?A．BothBaconandGalileiwerepunishedfortheirscientificideas.B．Atthattime,peoplebelievedmoreinreligionthaninfacts.C．BeforeGalilei,Aristotle'stheoryhadinfluencedpeoplefor1,000years.D．ThechurchwasagainstthegreatphilosopherAristotleforhistheoryoftheuniverse.3．What'sthemainideaofthepassage?A．FrancisBaconwasgoingagainsttheviewsofhisday.B．GalileoGalileiwasgreattoprovetheEarthisnotthecentreoftheuniverse.C．TheEarthisnotthecentreoftheuniverseanditdoesn'tmoveroundthesuninaperfectcircle,either.nD．Peopleshouldquestionmorebecausegreatmen,evenAristotleandGalilei,mightmakemistakes.4．Whatisthecorrectordertoacquireknowledgeandunderstandingaccordingtothearticle?A．questions,observeandstudy,considerandtest,findtherightanswersB．acquiretheknowledge,understanding,findtherightanswers,considerandtestC．observe,study,consider,findtherightanswersD．questions,findtherightanswers,observe,test5．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Peopletendtobelieveeverythingthatthepersontheyrespectsays.B．Galileoproved“theEarthisnotthecenteroftheuniverse”andhenevermademistakes.C．Knowledgeisgotbylearningnotbybelieving.D．Civilisationisbuiltonthekingdomofknowledge.答案：1～5　ABDABStudyreadingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．Atthattime,peoplebelievedmoreinreligionthaninfactsandpeoplelikeGalileoGalilei(1564－1642),whoprovedscientificideassuchas“theEarthisnotthecentreoftheuniverse”，wereoftenpunishedbythechurchwithnoonecomingtotheirdefence.[句式分析][尝试翻译]　n那时，人们更多地相信宗教，而不是事实。像伽利略·伽利莱(1564－1642)这样证明了例如“地球不是宇宙的中心”等科学观点的人常常被教会惩罚而无人为他们辩护。2．ItisnotsurprisingthatpeoplewantedtobelievetheseancientviewsastheyhadbeenputforwardbythegreatphilosopherAristotle(384－322BC)．[句式分析]　it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语；as引导原因状语从句。[尝试翻译]　人们愿意相信这些古老的观点并不奇怪，因为这些观点是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384－公元前322)提出来的。3．SomuchofourknowledgeandunderstandingoftheworldtodayisduetopeoplelikeBaconandGalilei,whowerebraveenoughtostepoutfromtheshadowsofconventionalthoughtinordertofindthekingdomofknowledgethattoday'scivilisationisbuiltupon.[句式分析]　[尝试翻译]　因此，我们今天对世界拥有这么多的知识和理解，是因为有培根和伽利莱这样的人，为了发现建造今天文明的知识王国，他们勇敢地从传统思想的阴影中走出来。4．Thesemenknewthatknowledgeandunderstandingarethingstofightfor;morevitaltoaman,andmorebeneficialtomankind,somemightsay,thanallthemoneyintheworld.[句式分析]　本句为主从复合句，thesemenknew为主句，that引导宾语从句；somemightsay为插入语。[尝试翻译]　这些人懂得知识和理解是要奋斗的东西；有人或许会说，对一个人来说，它们比世界上所有的金钱更重要；对人类来说，更有益。一、这样记单词记得准·写得对记得快·记得多Ⅰ.基础词汇1．acquirevt.　　　　　　　获得，得到2．thinkingn.思考，考虑3．rankn.职衔4．worthyadj.值得的5．approvev.赞成；认可；满意1.acquirevt.获得，得到[联想]　require要求[反义]　lose,giveup2．approvev．赞成；认可；满意[联想]　al结尾名词小结①approve→approval批准；认可；赞成n6．urgevt.力劝，强烈要求7．inspirev.启发；鼓舞8．conventionaladj.传统的，保守的9．civilisationn.文明10．vitaladj.极其重要的11．imagen.景象，形象；比喻Ⅱ.拓展词汇1．religionn．宗教→religiousadj.宗教的2．defencen．保卫，保护→defendv．保卫，保护3．ignorevt.忽视，不顾→ignorancen．忽视4．assumptionn．假定，假设→assumevt.假定，假设5．beneficialadj.有用的，有益的→benefitn．益处，好处v．对……有益②remove→removal移除；免职；搬迁③survive→survival幸存，残存；幸存者，残存物④arrive→arrival到达；到来；到达者⑤propose→proposal提议；建议；动议3．religionn．宗教[联想]　ious结尾形容词一览①religion→religious宗教的；虔诚的②ambition→ambitious有雄心的；野心勃勃的③caution→cautious小心的；谨慎的④anxiety→anxious担心的；焦虑的⑤harmony→harmonious和谐的；和睦的4．ignorevt.忽视，不顾[同义]　neglect忽略；忽视overlook忽略；未注意到二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.tostartwith　　　　　　　首先2．be/getaccustomedto习惯于……3．goagainst反对4．cometoone'sdefence为某人辩护5．tendto往往会，倾向于6．makeassumptionsabout对……作出假设7．(be)basedon以……为基础8．putforward提出9．approveof赞成，赞许10．inotherwords换句话说11．bevitalto对……重要12．bebeneficialto对……有益1.acquireknowledgeandunderstanding获取知识和理解2．afewkeywords几个关键词3．searchengine搜索引擎4．spittheanswerout吐出答案5．holdanimportantrank身居要职6．theworthysearchforknowledge对知识的崇高追求7．standstill静止不动8．sitback舒舒服服地坐好；袖手旁观9．workforthegovernment为政府工作三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1....wereoftenpunishedbythechurchwithnoonecomingtotheirdefence.……常常被教会惩罚而无人为他们辩护。with复合结构在句中作状语。(2016·北京高考书面表达)With_all_the_work_done,_wewenttothenearbyneighbourhoodandgavethemtothepeoplelivingthere.做完所有的工作后，我们去了附近的社区，把它们给了住在那里的人们。2....wereunwillingtochallengewhattheyhadwhatHewantedtoknowwhat_the__manager_had_saidatthenalwayscomfortablybelieved.……不愿意去挑战他们一直习惯于相信的一切。引导的名词性从句作challenge的宾语。meeting.他想知道经理在会上说了什么。3.Itisnotsurprisingthatpeoplewantedtobelievetheseancientviews...人们愿意相信这些古老的观点并不奇怪……“Itis＋adj.＋that从句”，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。It_is_obvious_that_you've_made_a_serious_mistake.Pleasebecarefulnexttime!很明显你犯了一个严重的错误。下次要细心点！1．(教材P42)Itseemsobviousnowhowweacquireknowledgeandunderstanding.我们如何获取知识及如何理解现在似乎显而易见。acquirevt.获得，得到acquireknowledge/experience　获得知识/经验acquireagoodknowledgeof学会，精通acquireatastefor开始喜欢①(2015·重庆高考写作)Meanwhile,theyexchangeideasandfeelingswitheachother,throughwhichtheyprobablyacquiremoreknowledge.与此同时，他们彼此交流思想和感情，这样他们可能获得更多的知识。②Onlywhenyouhaveacquired_a_good_knowledge_ofgrammarcanyouwritecorrectly.只有当你拥有了完善的语法知识，你才能正确地写作。③Myfatherhasrecentlyacquiredatastefor_coffee.我父亲最近开始喜欢喝咖啡了。2．(教材P42)AlthoughtodaywearemoreaccustomedtotypingafewkeywordsintoasearchengineandwaitingfortheInternettospittheansweroutforus...尽管我们现在更习惯于在搜索引擎里敲进几个关键词，等待互联网为我们吐出答案……beaccustomedto习惯于(1)get/become/growaccustomedto(doing)sth.习惯于(做)某事nbe/get/becomeusedto(doing)sth.习惯于(做)某事(2)accustomvt.使习惯于accustomsb./oneselfto(doing)sth.使某人/自己习惯于做某事①Hereyesquicklybecame/got/grewaccustomedtothedark.她的眼睛很快就适应了黑暗。②Asweallknow,Englishpeopleareaccustomed/usedtodriving(drive)ontheleft.众所周知，英国人习惯于靠左边开车。③Tobreatheinmorefreshair,youmustaccustomyourself(you)togettingupearly.为了呼吸更多新鲜空气，你必须使自己习惯于早起。[名师点津]　请识记含有介词to的常见短语：①stickto坚持②lookforwardto盼望③devoteoneselfto致力于④getdownto着手⑤leadto导致；通往⑥objectto反对⑦payattentionto注意3．(教材P42)Thechurchandmanypeopletendedtoignorethefactsandwereunwillingtochallengewhattheyhadalwayscomfortablybelieved.教会和许多人往往会忽视事实，不愿意去挑战他们一直习惯于相信的一切。tendto往往会，倾向于；照顾，护理(1)tendtodosth.　　　经常做某事；有做某事的倾向tendto/towards...趋向，倾向于……tend(to)sb.照料，照看，护理某人(2)tendencyn.倾向，趋势①(2015·浙江高考满分作文)Itendtosacrificemyowninterestforthegroupbenefit.我倾向于为集体利益牺牲自己的利益。②Shespendshersparetimetending_(to)_her_old_mother.她的业余时间都花在照顾她年迈的母亲上。③Roughlyspeaking,thetendency(tend)ofthemarketisstilluncertain.粗略地说，这个市场的趋向仍不确定。4．(教材P42)Atfirst,peopleapprovedofhisstudiesandurgedhimtocontinue,butlaterwhenheprovedAristotlewrong,theygrewangryandputhiminnprison.起初，人们赞同他的研究并敦促他继续进行，但是后来当他证明亚里士多德错了的时候，他们就生气了，把他关进了监狱。approve(1)approvevt.　　　　　　　批准，通过vi.赞成approveof...赞成……，同意……approveof(sb./sb.'s)doingsth.同意/赞成(某人)做某事(2)approvaln.批准，认可，赞同with/withoutapprovalof经/未经……的批准①Iapproveofyourtryingtoearnsomemoney,butpleasedon'tneglectyourstudies.我同意你去挣一些钱，可是不要忽视了功课。②Shewouldneverdoanythingthatwasnotapproved_ofbyherparents.她从来不会做父母不赞成的事情。③Thecommitteeapproved_the_planatthemeetingyesterday.昨天在会上委员会通过了该项计划。④Hedecidedtogoabroadforfurtherstudywiththeapproval(approve)ofhisparents.经父母同意他决定出国深造。urge(1)vt.力劝，强烈要求；极力主张urgesb.todo/intodoingsth.力劝某人做某事urgethatsb.(should)dosth.强烈要求某人应做某事urgesth.on/uponsb.向某人力陈/强调某事①Iurgehimtowriteanovelaboutthelifewelivetogetherinthecountry.我力劝他写一部关于我们一起在农村生活的小说。②Thereporturgedthatallchildren(should)_be_taught(teach)toswim.那份报告主张所有的孩子们都要学会游泳。③Heurgedon/uponhispupilstheimportanceofhardwork.他向学生们强调用功学习的重要性。(2)n.[C]强烈的欲望，冲动haveanurgetodosth.　　　　　迫切想做某事④ThevacationiscomingandIhaveanurgetotravel.n假期快到了，我迫切想去旅行。[语境串记]　Anurgentbellrang,whichurgedustogetupquickly.Weallknewamatterofurgencywouldhappen.紧急的铃声响起，催促我们快起床。我们知道紧急情况就要发生了。5．(教材P43)ButeventhoughAristotlewasagreatmanwhoinspiredmanygreatscientistsandphilosophersafterhim,hewaswrongattimes.但即使是亚里士多德这样一位启发了他以后许多杰出的科学家和哲学家的伟大人物，有时也会出错。inspirev．鼓舞，鼓励；使产生(感觉或情感)；赋予灵感，激发想法；启发；启示inspiresb.todosth.　　鼓励某人做某事inspiresb.withsth.＝inspiresth.insb.使某人产生……感觉/情感①Ihopethissuccesswillinspireyoutomakegreaterefforts.我希望这次成功能激励你更加努力。②Thegoodnewsinspireduswithprideandcourage.＝Thegoodnewsinspiredprideandcourageinus.这一好消息使我们产生了自豪感和勇气。[Wordfamily][语境串记]　Iwasinspiredwithyourinspiringremarks,whichbroughtmeacreativeinspiration.你鼓舞人心的评论激励着我，给我带来了创作的灵感。6．(教材P43)WhydidAristotleassumethatthesunmovedaroundtheEarth?为什么亚里士多德认为太阳绕着地球转？assumevt.假定，假设；认为(1)assume...tobe...　　　认为……是……assume(that)...认为……Itis(generally)assumedthat...人们(普遍)认为……(2)assumptionn.假定，假设(3)assuming(that)...假定……n①Itisreasonabletoassume(that)thehousepriceswillcontinuetogoup.认为房价会继续上涨是有道理的。②Wemustassumehimto_be(be)innocentuntilheisprovedguilty.尚未证实他有罪，我们就得假定他是清白的。③Assuming(assume)thatyouareright,whatshouldwedonext?假定你是对的，我们下一步该怎么做？[名师点津]　在英语中，有些看上去是现在分词或过去分词的词，实际上却常用作介词或连词。与assuming类似的词还有：①consideringprep.&conj.　　　鉴于，考虑到②givenprep.鉴于，考虑到③includingprep.包括，包含④supposingconj.假设，假如⑤provided/providingconj.假如，如果⑥concerningprep.关于ItisnotsurprisingthatpeoplewantedtobelievetheseancientviewsastheyhadbeenputforwardbythegreatphilosopherAristotle(384－322BC)．人们愿意相信这些古老的观点并不奇怪，因为这些观点是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384－公元前322)提出来的。在“Itis＋adj.＋that...”句型中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。用于该句型的常见形容词有：necessary,strange,clear,possible,natural,important,likely,obvious等。①Itisstrangethatnobodyknowswherehehasgone.很奇怪没有人知道他去了哪里。it作形式主语的其他常见句型：(1)It＋be＋过去分词＋that...常见的过去分词有：said,reported,believed,supposed,ordered,(well)known,suggested等。②It_is_reported_thatthefallofthelandslidehascausedtwohundreddeaths.据报道，山体滑坡已致200人死亡。(2)It＋不及物动词(短语)＋that...常见的不及物动词(短语)有：seem,appear,happen,turnout,occurto等。③Ithappenedthatwewerealloutthatday.碰巧那天我们都不在家。(3)It＋be＋名词短语＋that...常见的名词(短语)有：apity,afact,awonder,asurprise,nowonder等。④It_is_a_pity_thatyoudidn'tattendmybirthdaypartylastnight.n很遗憾你昨天晚上没有参加我的生日聚会。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Assuming(assume)thattheworkwillbefinishedaheadoftime,whatshouldwedonext?2．Judgingfromtheinspiredlookofthestudents,theprofessormustbegivingareallyinspiringspeech.(inspire)3．Shewasapersonaccustomedtohaving(have)eighthours'sleepanight.4．Hewhodoeshisdutyisworthyofbeing_praised(praise)．Ⅱ.完成句子1．他应该知道这件事，这是重要的。It_is_important_thatheshouldknowaboutthis.2．你可以想象汽车以每小时30英里的速度撞向一堵砖墙结果会怎样。Youcanimaginewhat_it_would_be_likedrivingacarintoabrickwallat30milesanhour.3．随着时间的推移，旧风俗有被忽略的趋势。Astimepasses,oldcustomstend_to_be_neglected.4．我担心你父母不会赞成你到那儿去。I'mafraidyourparentswon'tapprove_of_your_going_there.5．最近，机动车协会力劝开车的人不要在这条公路上行驶。TheMotoringOrganizationisurging_drivers_not_to_travelonthisroadrecently.一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Theplanhasbeenexaminedandapproved(批准)bythecommittee.2．Themoneyweraisewillbegoingtoaveryworthy(崇高的)cause.3．Thecompetitionisofvital(极其重要的)importancetous.4．Thecurrenthealthcarereformisbeneficial(有益的)topeasants.5．Themuseumhasjustacquired(获得，得到)afamouspaintingbyPabloPicasso.6．Eithershedidn'tseemewaveorshedeliberatelyignored(不理睬)me.n7．I'mnotaccustomed(习惯的)togettingupsoearlytodomorningexercise.8．Thesituationisdangerous,buttheUNisurging(极力要求)cautiononit.9．Hispublicimage(形象)isverydifferentfromtherealperson.10．Hewasunwilling(不情愿的)togiveuphalfwayeventhoughtheremightbemoredifficultiesahead.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Iurgedthatwetookimmediatemeasurestopreventsuchthinghappeningagain.took→take2．Shefounditnecessarytoaccustomherchildtogetupearly.get→getting3．Thestudentsarelisteningtotheteacherwiththeireyesfixingontheblackboard.fixing→fixed4．Shesaidthatthemuseumwasnotworthythename.worthy→worth_或_worthy后加of5．Hedoesn'tapprovemyleavingschoolthisyear.approve_后加of6．WemustworkhardtoacquiregoodknowledgeofEnglish.acquire_后加a7．Thesortofmusichelistenstovaries,buttendspopularmusic.tends_后加to8．Itisagoodnewstousthatweareinvitedtoaconcertthisevening.去掉第一个aⅢ.选词填空tostartwith，putforward，getaccustomedto，inotherwords，goagainst，approveof，bebeneficialto，bebasedon1．Hiswifeismydaughter;in_other_words,_Iamhismotherinlaw.2．Youcannotgo_againstnature.Otherwise,youwillbepunishedsoonerorlater.3．Abalanceddietandamoderateamountofsports_are_beneficial_toone'shealth.4．It'snotsurprisingthathermotherdoesn'tapprove_ofheridea.5．Ittakestimeforafreshmantofullyget_accustomed_tothenewlifestyleincollege.6．WhatdoyouthinkoftheplanIput_forwardatthemeeting?7．Thetheoryis_based_onaseriesofrightassumptions.8．To_start_with,_wehaven'tenoughmoney,andsecondlywe'retoobusy.Ⅳ.课文语法填空“Who1.questions(question)much,shalllearnmuch,andremembermuch，”saidnFrancisBacon.Nowitseemsobvioushowweacquireknowledgeand2.understanding(understand).However,inthe17thcentury,peoplebelievedmoreinreligionthaninfacts.As3.aresult,peoplewhoproved4.scientific(science)ideaswereoftenpunished.Manypeopletended5.to_ignore(ignore)thefactsandwereunwillingtochallengewhattheyhadbelieved.Tilltoday,peoplestillfeelthatifsomeoneimportantand6.respected(respect)saysthatsomethingisright,thenitmustbeso.7.ButsometimesgreatmensuchasAristotleandGalileimightmakemistakes.Thereforeourunderstandingoftheworldaroundusis8.constantly(constant)growingandchanging.Inother9.words(word),welearnmoreeverydayandnoneofuscansimplysay,“Weknowitall.”“Alltruthsareeasy10.to_understand(understand)oncetheyarediscovered;thepointistodiscoverthem，”saidGalileoGalilei.Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达尽管晨练对于我们的健康有益(bebeneficialto)，但是我不习惯于(getaccustomedto)早起。起初(tostartwith)，我的同桌极力要求我不要太懒，但是我不理睬(ignore)他。后来，我的身体很弱，而且不能集中精力学习。只有那时我才意识到健康对我们是多么重要(vital)啊！Doing_morning_exercise_is_beneficial_to_our_health,_but_I_didn't_get_accustomed_to_getting_up_early._To_start_with，my_deskmate_urged_I_(should)_not_be_lazy,_but_I_ignored_him._Later,_I_became_weak_and_couldn't_concentrate_on_my_study._Only_at_that_time_did_I_realize_how_vital_the_health_is_to_us!二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧Ⅰ.完形填空TrueachievementDuringhighschool,IrememberreadingaboutJuniorAchievement(JA)programsandthinking,“Icould__1__dothat.”Economicsseemedtoocomplexforme,butourcurriculum__2__ustotakeit.Sobeganmyjourney.Now,Ican__3__andsay,“Wow,Ididdothat.”JAprogramshelpkidsaroundtheworld__4__asuccessfulfuture.Eachprogramis__5__byacommunityvolunteerwhohelpsstudentsconnectwhattheyarelearninginschoolwiththeirfutureintheworkforce.Handsonactivitiesbringthe__6__worldtotheclassroom.WenamedourcompanyGloboCorp,anddescribedourlogoastheseeingeyeofnbusiness,always__7__forillegalbusinesspractices.Whenourteachermentionedthedistrict__8__，Ibecameinterestedinapplyingthe__9__principlesIhadlearned.Webegantheweeklypractice.Ouradvisers(alsocommunityvolunteers)putinlonghours__10__principlesandstrategiesandhelpingusinterpretdata.Their__11__waswhatmadeJAprogramsunique,andwasanimmeasurable__12__.Andtherewasanothermotivation:WecouldearnatriptoDisneyWorld.Afterhardworkwe__13__madeittoDisneyWorld.Itwasa(n)__14__waytoendmyhighschoolcareer.__15__camefromeverywhere.Attheawardsbanquet(宴会),MickeyMouseshookourhandsandgaveusourownsetsofmouseears.Ourlocalnewspaperranarticles.Andthegreatest__16__wastowalkofftheplanebackhomeandseeacrowdof__17__parentswhoburstintoapplause.Althoughthisexperiencewillbeamongmybestmemories,aquotefromtheawardsbanquetiswhatIwill__18__mostaboutJAprograms.Thespeakerdiscussedthedifferencebetweensuccessand__19__.Atfirst,thewordsseemedinterchangeable,butthenI__20__hispoint.TomakeittoDisneyWorldandwinwassuccess,buttobondtogether,havefun,andovercomedifficultiesaswell—nowthatisarealachievement.语篇解读：本文是记叙文。学校的必修课程以及后来的参赛获胜经历让我明白了成功和成就的区别。1．A.ever　　　　　　　　B．alwaysC．justD．never解析：选D　由下文中的“Economicsseemedtoocomplex”可知，我认为我永远不会(never)参加JA计划。2．A.inspiredB．requiredC．allowedD．promised解析：选B　由下文中的“Sobeganmyjourney.”可知，学校的课程要求(required)我们学习经济学。3．A.lookoverB．lookaroundC．lookdownD．lookback解析：选D　由下文中的“Wow,Ididdothat.”可知，如今回想(lookback)起来，我会说我竟然做到了。n4．A.giveupB．worryaboutC．prepareforD．preferto解析：选C　由下文中的“helpsstudentsconnectwhattheyarelearninginschoolwiththeirfutureintheworkforce”可知，JA计划帮助全世界的学生为未来的成功做准备(preparefor)。5．A.writtenB．describedC．managedD．copied解析：选C　每个计划都由一个社区志愿者来管理(managed)。6．A.sadB．realC．wildD．lucky解析：选B　由上文中的“Handsonactivities”可知实践活动把真正的(real)世界带入教室。7．A.gratefulB．guiltyC．watchfulD．regretful解析：选C　由上文中的“theseeingeyeofbusiness”以及下文中的“illegalbusinesspractices”可知，我们公司警惕(watchful)非法商业活动。8．A.concertB．competitionC．interviewD．celebration解析：选B　由下文中的“earnatrip”以及“awardsbanquet”可知，老师提到社区比赛(competition)。9．A.economicB．legalC．politicalD．scientific解析：选A　由上文中的“Economics”可知，我产生了把所学的经济(economic)原则付诸实践的兴趣。10．A.imaginingB．recallingC．recitingD．explaining解析：选D　由上文中的“weeklypractice”可知，公司的顾问花很长时间给我们讲解(explaining)原则和策略。11．A.justiceB．choiceC．guidanceD．argument解析：选C　由上文中的“helpingusinterpretdata”可知，他们的指导(guidance)使得JA计划与众不同，给了我们极大的帮助(help)。12．A.lossB．helpC．riskD．distancen解析：选B　参见上题解析。13．A.carefullyB．patientlyC．suddenlyD．finally解析：选D　由上文中的“hardwork”可知，我们最终(finally)赢得了去迪士尼乐园的旅行。14．A.easyB．fantasticC．romanticD．discouraging解析：选B　由下文中的“MickeyMouseshookourhandsandgaveusourownsetsofmouseears”可知，我的高中生活以迪士尼乐园之行这种奇妙的(fantastic)方式结束了。15．A.InformationB．KnowledgeC．ProblemsD．Congratulations解析：选D　由下文中的“shookourhands”，“gaveusourownsetsofmouseears”，“ranarticles”以及“burstintoapplause”可知，祝贺(Congratulations)来自四面八方。16．A.changeB．damageC．feelingD．dream解析：选C　由文中的“walkofftheplane...see...parentswhoburstintoapplause”可知，最棒的感觉(feeling)是走出飞机，看到拍手欢迎我们归来的自豪的(proud)父母们。17．A.funnyB．terrifiedC．proudD．puzzled解析：选C　参见上题解析。18．A.expectB．rememberC．dislikeD．realize解析：选B　由上文中的“Although...amongmybestmemories”可知，JA计划让我记忆(remember)最深的是来自庆祝宴上致辞人所说的话。19．A.failureB．devotionC．responsibilityD．achievement解析：选D　由下文中的“nowthatisarealachievement”可知，致辞人探讨了成功和成就(achievement)之间的区别。20．A.continuedB．destroyedC．understoodD．praised解析：选C　由上文中的“but”以及文章的最后一句话可知，虽然刚开始我没听懂，但后来我明白(understood)了。nⅡ.语法填空Haveyoueverwishedyourvacationcouldmeetallyour__1__(expect)?Well,thisispossiblewhenyouchoose__2__(go)onacruise.Recently,cruiseshavebecome__3__morepopularchoicethantraditionalformsoftraveling.__4__isnotnecessarytomakereservations(预订)atdifferenthotels,findplacestodine,orarrangedifferenttransportation__5__advance.Everythingyoucanimagineisavailablewheneveryouwantitonacruiseship.Cruiseshipsarelikeminiature(小型的)citiesonwater.Theyarefullyloadedwithrestaurants__6__(serve)allkindsofdishes.Thestateroomscanbecomparedtotherooms__7__(find)infivestarhotels.Thebigdifferenceis__8__yougettohaveamovingoceanview.What'smore,thereareactivitiesforpeopleofallagesandinterests.Varioussportsfacilities(设施)likegymsandrockclimbingwallsaswellasclubsandshopsarealso__9__(access).QualityentertainmentslikeBroadwayshowsandlivemusic__10__(provide),too.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了乘船旅行的便利性。答案：1.expectations　由all及your可知，设空处应填名词expectations(期望)。meetone'sexpectations意为“不辜负某人的期望”。2．togo　choosetodosth.意为“选择做某事”。3．a　choice作“选择”讲，是可数名词，且此处表泛指，故填a。4．It　设空处作形式主语，真正的主语是tomakereservations...advance，故填It。5．in　inadvance意为“提前”。6．serving　设空处作后置定语，且restaurants与serve之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故填serving。7．found　设空处作后置定语，且find与rooms之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故填found。8．that　设空处引导表语从句，又因从句意义完整且不缺任何成分，故填that。9．accessible　由语境及are可知，设空处应填形容词accessible“可使用的”。10．areprovided　entertainments与provide之间是被动关系，且由前一句的时态可知此处应用一般现在时，故填areprovided。n