2019_2020高中英语unit2theenvironmentsectionⅳgrammar 13页

SectionⅣGrammar&WritingA卷单句语法填空1．Itissaidthatthefoodsuppliesinthatfloodstrickenareahavebeenusedupandwhatisworse，thepatienceofthepoorpeoplethereis____________(run)out.答案：running2．Hestoodup，____________(light)acigaretteandlefttheroom.答案：lit3．Therecentfinancialcrisis____________(take)intoconsideration，thebosscutbackonthenumberofworkersworkingforhim.答案：taken4．Atbreak，Mr.Connerygotdowntodealingwiththematters____________(arise)fromhisclass.答案：arising5．Hedroppedtheglass，____________(break)itintopieces.答案：breaking6．____________(remind)manytimes，hefinallygaveupthehabitofsmoking.答案：Havingbeenreminded7．____________(ignore)foralongtime，theboysittingatthebackfeltboredandwentout.答案：Havingbeenignored8．Allthepeopleinthevillagemovedaway，____________(leave)itanemptyvillage.答案：leaving9．Although____________(taste)bitter，Chinesemedicinecanmagicallycuresomediseases.答案：tasting10．Theoldcoupleoftentakesawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdog____________(follow)them.答案：following阅读理解nIt’scoldanddarkoutside,andyourbedissowarmandcomfortable.Goingforarunseemslikesuchabadidea.Butbeforeyouhideyourrunningshoes,itmightbeworthgivingthatcrazyideaago.AccordingtoTheHuffingtonPost,anoutdoorruninwinter,asopposedtooneonatreadmill(跑步机),burnsmorecaloriesbecausethebodyisworkinghardtoregulate(调节)itscoretemperature.Furthermore,researchshowsthatracetimesarefasterincoldweatherthaninwarmertemperatures—andquickerrunsburnmorecalories.Similarly,coldweatheralsomakestheheartworkhardertodistributebloodthroughthebody,makingthatvitalmuscleevenstronger.Outdoorexercisealsoturnsupyourenergyandridsyouofthestressanddepressionthatbuildupeveryday.Theheatandhumidityinsummercandragyoudownandtireyoufaster,butcoldweatherisrefreshing.Itadjustsyoutoyoursurroundings,makingyoufeelalive.Ofcourse,thethreatofsmoginsomebuiltupareasisafurtherhurdletowinterexercise.Heartattacks,strokes,lungcancerandasthmaarealldangersofrunninginsmog.Thecombinationofairpollutionandexerciseincreasesthepotentialproblems.Ifyoudochoosetorunoutsideonsmoggydays,takeapathinaparkorresidentialareatoavoidcarexhaust(废气),andgoearlyinthemorning,beforerushhour.Butstayinginsideonsmoggydaysandwaitingforthenextcleardaytorunisbest.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了冬季户外跑步的意义和方法。冬季户外跑步能燃烧更多的热量，让肌肉更强健，心脏更健康，但是应当避免在雾霾时进行户外活动。1．Howdoescoldweatherbenefitrunners，comparedwithwarmweather?A．Theycanrunmoreslowly.B．Theycantakeinmorecalories.C．Theirheartscanfunctionharder.D．Theirbodytemperaturecangetlower.C　解析：细节理解题。由题干关键词“benefit”和“comparedwithwarmweather”可将答案定位至第二段的最后一句“Similarly...makestheheartworkhardertodistributebloodthroughthebody，makingthatvitalmuscleevenstronger”可知，与温暖的天气相比，在寒冷的天气里户外跑步能使心脏更健康，故C项正确。2．Howdoessummeraffectrunners?A．Itbuildsuptheirenergyquickly.B．Itmakesrunnerstiredeasily.nC．Itlessensrunners’stress.D．Itcausesheartattacks.B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的“Theheatandhumidityinsummercandragyoudownandtireyoufaster”可知，夏季的炎热和湿气容易让跑步的人很快就感到疲劳，故B项正确。3．Whataretherunnerssupposedtodoonsmoggydays?A．Stopdrivingcars.B．Domoreexercise.C．Avoidoutdoorexercise.D．Runlateinthemorning.C　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的最后一句“Butstayinginsideonsmoggydaysandwaitingforthenextcleardaytorunisbest.”可知，如果有雾霾，最好待在室内，等到天气晴朗时再跑步，故C项正确。4．Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A．RefreshwithaWinterRunB．TakeOutdoorExerciseinSummerC．GotoRuninaParkD．FollowtheTipstoReduceStressA　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了冬季早晨户外跑步的意义和方法。冬季跑步能燃烧更多的热量，让肌肉更强健，心脏更健康，但是应当避免在雾霾天气进行户外活动。据此可以判断，A项最能概括文意，故A项正确。完形填空WatsonenteredMr.Smith’soffice.Thebosswasa(n)__1__man.Hefiredpeoplewhodidn’tdowellwithoutgivingthemasecondchance.“Watson，”saidMr.Smith，“thispastyearyourdepartmenthasn’tearnedmoney.We’regoingto__2__thatdepartment.It’sfinished.I’msorry—butyou’llhaveto__3__．”“But,sir—ifIjusthadalittlemoretime.ForthemomentIneedthe__4__tokeepmy__5__atRiversideSchool.”“What’sthat！”saidtheboss.“Riverside!Ididn’tknowyouhadaboythere.That’sa(n)__6__schoolforamanwithyoursalary.”“Iknow,sir.Buthelikesitsomuch!He’sastartrackmanandthebestboxerintheschool.Theboyscallhim__7__there.”Thebosssatperfectly__8__foralongtime—afarawaylookinhiseyes.Then,suddenly,hesaid，“We’vegottocloseyourdepartment,Watson.Butyou’ll__9__annewjobinanotherdepartment.Itmeanslongerhours—maybemore__10__．Nowgetout.You’rehereforlife.”Watsongotoutwith__11__inhisface.Thentheboss__12__aletterfromthetopdrawerofhisdesk.ItwasHerbie’s__13__letterfromRiversideSchool—writtenafewdaysbeforehedied.Hehadreaditoverandoveragain.Theletter__14__：Ican’tsaytheboyshereareany__15__thantheotherswere.Iguessit’sthesameeverywhere__16__you’reacripple(跛子)．Butdon’tworryaboutme,Dad.They’vegotagood__17__departmenthere.Andinmyclassthere’soneboywhoisreally__18__．He’satrackstarandboxingchampandjusttopsinchemistry.TheboyscallhimChamp.He__19__themstopthrowingmybooksaround.Andheknockedaboydownwhohitme.Heisthebest__20__Ieverhad.Dad,whenIgrowup,IwanttodosomethingforChamp.Somethingbig—thathewon’tevenknowabout.Yourson，Herbie【解题导语】　老板要关闭Watson所在的部门，也就是让Watson离开公司。Watson恳求老板留下他，说明了必须为儿子支付高昂学费的理由。老板听他说完后给了Watson一个薪水更高的职位，Watson很是吃惊。在Watson离开后，老板拿出了儿子写给他的最后一封信。上文的故事也就得到了最好的解释。1．A.impoliteB．hospitableC．modestD．hardD　解析：根据下文“Hefiredpeoplewhodidn’tdowellwithoutgivingthemasecondchance.”可知，老板是一个很苛刻的人。hard“苛刻的，严厉的”。2．A.dropB．checkC．punishD．loseA　解析：根据上文“thispastyearyourdepartmenthasn’tearnedmoney”和前文提到的老板的苛刻可知答案。drop＝close/giveup“关闭，放弃”。3．A.joinB．presentC．goD．attendC　解析：根据上文信息，老板很严厉，此时要关闭这个部门，所以Watson就不得不离开这个公司。4．A.favourB．chanceC．jobD．promiseC　解析：根据上文信息，老板要解雇Watson，再结合下文“Ididn’tknowyouhadaboythere.”可知，Watson想保住这份工作供他儿子上学。n5．A.starB．champC．sonD．daughterC　解析：参考上一题的解析。6．A.suitableB．expensiveC．beautifulD．averageB　解析：根据史密斯惊讶的口气和下文他自己的儿子也在这所学校可知，该校费用不菲。expensive“昂贵的”。7．A.WatsonB．ChampC．HeroD．HerbieB　解析：根据最后的那封信中的“He’satrackstarandboxingchampandjusttopsinchemistry.TheboyscallhimChamp.”可知答案。8．A.stillB．eagerC．nervousD．anxiousA　解析：根据下文的“suddenly，hesaid”可知，这里应该是指“老板静静地坐在那儿很长时间”。still“静止的，不动的”。9．A.takeoverB．gooverC．thinkoverD．comeoverA　解析：根据后面“anewjobinanotherdepartment”和“You’rehereforlife.”可知答案。takeover“接管，接手”；故选A项。10．A.timeB．attentionC．payD．energyC　解析：联系下文可知，史密斯之所以一反常态留用了Watson是因为他儿子的那封信。儿子在信中提到“Dad，whenIgrowup，IwanttodosomethingforChamp.Somethingbig—thathewon’tevenknowabout.”这一遗愿，因此史密斯为Watson安排了一个薪水较高的职位。11．A.smileB．careC．pleasureD．surpriseD　解析：根据文章第一段信息可知，史密斯一向严厉，这一次对Watson却网开一面，Watson自然感到惊异。12．A.receivedB．openedC．tookD．readC　解析：老板从顶层抽屉里拿出一封信。13．A.lastB．longestC．businessD．replynA　解析：根据后面的“...writtenafewdaysbeforehedied”推断这是老板的儿子Herbie的最后一封信。14．A.wroteB．spokeC．saidD．printedC　解析：信上“写着”用read或said。15．A.cruellerB．nicerC．poorerD．strongerB　解析：根据下文的“Iguessit’sthesameeverywhere...”可知，此处意思是：这里的孩子比其他地方的孩子好不到哪里去。16．A.thoughB．whenC．unlessD．afterB　解析：根据下文“Butdon’tworryaboutme”可知Herbie是一个残疾的孩子，此处表示Herbie认为一个跛子在哪儿受到的待遇都一样。17．A.medicineB．chemistryC．physicsD．tradeB　解析：根据下文中“inmyclassthere’soneboy...andjusttopsinchemistry”可知答案。18．A.friendlyB．helpfulC．greatD．cautiousC　解析：根据下文的“He’satrackstarandboxingchampandjusttopsinchemistry.”以及男孩对自己的帮助可知Herbie对这个男孩崇拜之至。19．A.forcedB．persuadedC．suggestedD．madeD　解析：他不让同学们乱扔我的书。makesb.do“使某人做某事”；force/persuadesb.todosth.“迫使/说服某人做某事”；suggest后面不能直接跟宾语和宾语补足语。20．A.athleteB．starC．friendD．studentC　解析：根据信的内容尤其是最后一句话可知，Herbie已经把那个男孩当成他最好的朋友了。B卷阅读理解A“Wearegoodmothers，”Isaidtomyfriend,aswesatonnourcomfortablebeachchairsunderourbeachumbrellaandwatchedourchildrenplayinginthewaves.Outofnowhere,thechildrentookoffrunning.Aboutfiftyyardsfromus,aman—maybeinhisfifties—wasfishing.Thechildrenstoodnexttohimandwatchedwiththeirlittlemouthshangingopenashecastthefishinglines.Hesmiledatthem.Theyranbacktous—allexceptmythreeyearolddaughter,Drew.Myheartbeatfastwithhorror.“Drew!Comehere!Playwithyourfriends！”Ishouted,veryawarethatmyspeechesaboutnottalkingtostrangersweren’tworking.Itseemedthatmanyparentsheardofhorriblestoriesaboutchildrenbeingtakenawaybystrangers.Responsiblemothersshouldteachtheirchildrenthattheworldisadangerousplace.SoIfeltrelieved(松口气)whenDrewrantowardsmeandtookholdofashovel(铲子)．Thenshelookedmeintheeye：“Iwanttobewiththeperson.”Again,sheapproachedthemiddleagedman,andstarteddiggingnexttohim.Severalsecondslater,shereturned,wavingsomethingshiny.“Look,Mommy!Atoyfish！”Itwas,indeed,atoyfish—yellowandrubber.Thismusthavebeenwhathewasusingtoattractthefish.Andhe’dgivenittoDrew.Thethreeotherchildrenweredeeplyimpressed,andtheydidn’ttrytohidehowjealoustheywere—clearly,theyallwantedthefish.“Myfriendgavemethatfish！”Drewshoutedloudly.Thesandinfrontoftheumbrellaturnedintoapreschoolcagematchwithayellowrubberfishflyingthroughtheair.IfeltlikeImightcrymyself.Unexpectedly,therehewas:theman,standingrightnexttouswiththreemorerubberfishinhand.Hehandedthemtoeachofthechildren.Bytheirfaces,youwouldhavethoughthewasactuallythereallykindbigbrother.“Thankyou，”Isaid,realizingthatthereisgoodandkindnessinstrangers.【解题导语】　本文介绍了作者和朋友带孩子们在沙滩上玩，遇到了一个好心的陌生人以及后来发生的暖心事情。1．HowdidtheauthorfeelwhenDrewstoodbesidetheman?A．Relieved.B．Angry.C．Concerned.D．Calm.C　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句Myheartbeatfastwithhorror.(我的心跳加快，我很害怕。)可知，作者担心Drew的处境，故选C项。n2．Theauthorthinksgoodmothersshould________．A．bearoundtheirkidsB．warntheirkidsofdangerC．teachtheirkidstobehavewellD．devotethemselvestohelpingtheirkidsB　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的Responsiblemothersshouldteachtheirchildrenthattheworldisadangerousplace.(负责任的妈妈应该让他们的孩子知道世界是一个危险的地方。)可知应选B。3．Theauthorwasatalosswhen________．A．DrewhandedherthetoyfishB．thekidsfoughtforthetoyfishC．thetoyfishwascoveredwithsandD．thestrangerappearedfromnowhereB　解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句IfeltlikeImightcrymyself.(我感觉我可能要哭了。)可知，作者的无奈和不知所措。故选B。4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．GiveaKidaFishB．WeAreGoodMothersC．TheWorldIsDangerousD．TeachKidstoBeKindA　解析：标题归纳题。根据文章最后一句“Thankyou，”Isaid,realizingthatthereisgoodandkindnessinstrangers.可知我意识到有好的、善良的陌生人。这个故事是由“陌生人给孩子一个玩具鱼”所引起的，可知A项符合题意。BTobesuccessfulinanyaspectoflife,youneedtoknowwhentousethecarrotorthestick.Hereareafewtipstohelpyoudecidewhetherit’sbettertousethecarrotorthestick.WiththekidsThecarrotWhenitcomestoraisingakid,thecarrotorthestickdilemmaisquicklydisappearingastoomanyparentstakethecarrotapproachtotheextreme.Inchildraising,thecarrotshouldneverbematerialisticthings.Ifyouwanttoaskforgoodbehaviorwithareward,itshouldbewithsomethingthatcan’tbebought,say,trust.nThestickNowadays,noonelikestousethestickanymore,orinmyfather’scase,thebelt.I’mnotoverlookingchildabuse,ifyoueverwanttocallitthat,butIamencouragingparentstotoughenupabit.Youdon’twantyourkidtotestyourlimitsonlytofindouthecangetawaywithit.Ifyouwanttoraiseakid,raisethehandandlethimknowitcomesdownonthesecondoffense.AttheofficeThecarrotPeopleneedencouragementandmotivationtoperformwell.However,thecarrotonlyreallyworkswellwithemployeeswhohavealreadyprovedthemselves.Ifyou’vegotsomeonewhocan’tshowupattheofficebeforenoon,thepromiseofaraiseisn’tgoingtodomuch.Onthecontrary,ifthere’saguywithagoodworkmoral,he’llthrive(growstronger)whenyouaddapromotiontothepicture.ThestickWhenconsideringthecarrotorthestickintheoffice,rememberthat,overall,thestickisthemorepracticalmethodintheoffice.Awiseman,whojusthappenedtobeanItalianoncesaid“It’sbesttobebothlovedandfeared.”It’snicetohaveeveryoneloveyou，butrunningabusinessisn’tlikerunningafamily.Youneedtohavethestickconstantlyraised.WiththewifeThecarrotWhenitcomestomarriage，alwaysusethecarrot.I’vehadalovelymarriageformanyyears，andI’vealwaysstucktothecarrotapproach.Sometimesyoucatchmoreflieswithhoney，andsometimesit’sthecrackofawhip(鞭子)thatgetsthehorsemoving.Trynottousetoomanysticksathome；thecarrotismuchmorefun.【解题导语】　作者就在什么时候应该使用“胡萝卜”(即奖励)和“大棒”(即惩罚)提出了一些建议。5．Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?A．TheCarrotortheStick?B．TheIntroductiontotheCarrotandtheStickC．TipsintheDailyLifeD．TheAdvantagesoftheCarrotandtheStickA　解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段内容可知，本文主要讲述的是一些在什么时候应该使用“胡萝卜”(即奖励)和“大棒”(即惩罚)的建议。A项意为“胡萝卜还是大棒？n”体现了本文的中心，适合用作标题。故选A。6．Inkidsraising，theauthorprefers________．A．thecarrotapproachB．thestickapproachC．boththecarrotapproachandthestickapproachD．neitherthecarrotapproachnorthestickapproachB　解析：推理判断题。根据文中的“...butIamencouragingparentstotoughenupabit.”和“Ifyouwanttoraiseakid,raisethehandandlethimknowitcomesdownonthesecondoffense.”可知，在养育孩子这方面，作者更喜欢对孩子严厉一些，使用“大棒”。故选B。7．Whichdoyouthinkisthebesttobeagoodbossattheoffice?A．Alwaysusingcarrots.B．Eatingalotofcarrots.C．Beingbothlovedandfeared.D．Usingtoomanysticks.C　解析：细节理解题。根据文中的“Awiseman,whojusthappenedtobeanItalianoncesaid‘It’sbesttobebothlovedandfeared.’”可知，作为一名称职的老板，最好能软硬兼施，既让员工喜爱又能让员工畏惧。故选C。8．WhichisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Theauthoroftengivesmorecarrotstohiswifetoeatathome.B．Thecarrotismuchmorefunwhenitcomestomarriage.C．Ondifferentoccasions，thecarrotorthestickiseffective.D．Youneedthesticktogetyourhorsestomovefasteroccasionally.A　解析：推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，作者所说的“胡萝卜”并不是真正的胡萝卜，而是对他人的奖励、甜言蜜语等，所以A项“在家里，作者经常给他妻子很多胡萝卜吃”是错误的。故选A。CTheSanDiegoZoohasbeenalovelyhomeforgiantpandassincetwooftheblackandwhitepandascametovisitin1987.ThisweektherewassnowinSanDiego—well，atleastforaluckygroupofgiantpandas.Over15tonsofsnowwasblownintotheSanDiegoZoo’spandaareaonTuesdaymorningtogivetheendangeredpandasachancetoplay.Theywouldexperiencethesnowjustlikelivingintheirnaturalhabitat.ThesnowdaywasafirstforXiaoLiwuwhosenamemeans“LittleGift”．HewasnthesixthbabypandaborntoBaiYun.XiaoLiwuwasjumpingonMom，playingwithherandgettingusedtobeingthrowninthesnowbymamapanda.JenniferBecerra，SanDiegoZookeepersaid，“Hewasreallyenjoyingthesnowandrunningaround.I’veneverseenhimsohappy.”AlltheSanDiegoZoo’sgiantpandasarefromChina，aspartofalongtermcaptivebreeding(人工养殖)program.FourofXiaoLiwu’sbrothershavealreadybeenmovedfromCaliforniatoChina.Todaythereare44giantpandaslivinginzoosoutsideofChina，wheretheironlynaturalhomeis.Asjust1，600pandasarethoughttobeleftinthewild，researchersinsistthatcaptivebreedingisanimportantwaytostudyandprotecttheendangeredpandas.Notonlybecauseofthehabitatlossfromhumanactivitiesandlowreproductiverate(繁殖率)，giantpandas’survivalisalsoaffectedbyclimatechange.Astudyshowedthatglobalwarmingcouldkillmuchoftheirmainfood，bamboo，overthenextcentury.9．WhywasthesnowblownintotheSanDiegoZoo’spandaarea?A．Tostopthebamboosfromdying.B．Togivethepandasachancetoplay.C．Tohelpthepandasliveintheirnaturalhabitat.D．TomakeXiaoLiwuhappy.B　解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段的Over15tonsofsnowwasblownintothe...可知，为了给熊猫一个玩耍的机会，超过15吨的雪被吹进了圣迭戈动物园的熊猫区域。故选B。10．WhatisNOTthefactorthatinfluencesthegiantpandas’number?A．Thelossofhabitat.B．Lowreproductiverate.C．Humanresearch.D．Climatechange.C　解析：细节理解题。根据文章可知，生存环境的丧失，很低的繁殖率，气候变化是熊猫数量减少的原因。故选C。11．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthispassage?A．GiantPandasinSanDiegoZooB．GiantPandasinDangerC．XiaoLiwu’sHappyTimeD．HowtoProtectGiantPandasA　解析：标题归纳题。本文主要讲了圣迭戈动物园的熊猫。故选A。12．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Captivebreedingisthemostusefulwaytoprotectgiantpandas.nB．Morethan44giantpandasliveinzoosoutsideofChinanow.C．Chinaistheonlynaturalhomeofgiantpandas.D．XiaoLiwuwasafraidofbeingthrowninthesnowbymama.C　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的Todaythereare44giantpandaslivinginzoosoutsideofChina，wheretheironlynaturalhomeis.可知，中国是大熊猫唯一的自然栖息地。故选C。书面表达假如你是李华，已于今年7月从新兴外语学校毕业，你从报纸上得知B&B公司要招聘一名英文秘书，你很感兴趣。请给该公司写一封求职信，包括以下要点：1．年龄；2．学习情况及英语水平；3．兴趣和特长；4．性格特点。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头语和结束语已为你写好，不计入总词数。DearSir/Madam，IlearnedfromthenewspaperthatyourcompanyneedsanEnglishsecretary.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________I’mlookingforwardtoyourreply.Sincerelyyours，LiHuaOnepossibleversion：Dear_Sir/Madam，I_learned_from_the_newspaper_that_your_company_needs_an_English_secretary.I’mreallyinterestedinthispositionandhopeIcanworkforyou.I’m18yearsoldandgraduatedfromXinxingForeignLanguageSchoolthisJuly.I’manexcellentstudent，amongthetop5inmyclassof50students.I’mgoodatEnglish，especiallyspokenEnglish.IoftenusethecomputerandItypeverynfast.Inmysparetime，Ireadalot.Poemsaremyfavorite.Ienjoymusicverymuchtoo.Beinganactiveyoungperson，Ilikesportsandoutdooractivities.Besides，I’measytogetalongwithandIliketomakefriends.I’m_looking_forward_to_your_reply.Sincerely_yours，Li_Hua