2019年高中英语unit1friendshipsectionⅰwarmingup 14页

Unit1FriendshipAnneFrankwasborninFrankfurt,Germanyin1929.In1933Anneandherfamilywereforced(强迫)tomovetoHollandwhereHitlerhadnottakenovercompletely.Theyweren'tallowedtotravel,drive;theyhadtostayindoorsafter8：00p．m.,nocinemas,notheaters,nosportingevents,novisitingChristians,andstayingintheirownschoolswithnomixing.AnneandherfamilyhadtogointohidingtoescapefromtheNazis.EverydayshewasfacedwiththeideathatshemaybefoundbytheNaziarmyorthatabombwouldhitherbuildingandshemaydie.Anneisastrongpersonandtakesthisasanadventure.Annehadahardtimetrustinginanybodyuntilshereceivedadiaryinwhichshesaid,“IhopeIwillbeabletoconfide(吐露)everythingtoyou,asIhaveneverbeenabletoconfideinanyone,andIhopeyouwillbeagreatsourceofcomfortandsupport.”Annenamedherdiary“Kitty”，and“Kitty”becameherbestfriend,heronlycompanion(伙伴),theoneplacewhereshecouldtellherdeepestthoughts.Afterbeingintheannex(附属建筑物)foralittleovertwoyears,shealsolearnedtotrustinPeterVanDaan.PeterVanDaanwasaboyofheragethatcamewithhisfamilyalsohidingfromtheNazis.EventhoughAnnediedintheconcentrationcamp(集中营),herstoryliveson.Thankstoherconfidinginherdiary“Kitty”，shewasabletotelltheworldherstory.Section_ⅠWarmingUp&Reading—Prereading[原文呈现][读文清障]ANNE'SBESTFRIENDDoyouwantafriendwhomyoucouldtelleverythingto①，likeyourdeepestfeelingsandthoughts?Orareyouafraidthatyourfriendwouldlaughatyou,orwouldnotunderstandwhatyouaregoingthrough②？AnneFrankwantedthefirstkind,soshemadeherdiaryherbestfriend③.AnnelivedinAmsterdamintheNetherlandsduringWorldWarⅡ.HerfamilywasJewishsotheyhadtohideortheywouldbecaughtbytheGerman④Nazis.Sheandherfamilyhidaway⑤fornearlytwentyfivemonthsbeforetheywerediscovered.nDuringthattimetheonlytruefriendwasherdiary.Shesaid,“Idon'twanttosetdown⑥aseriesof⑦factsinadiaryasmostpeopledo⑧，butIwantthisdiaryitselftobemyfriend,andIshallcallmyfriendKitty.”NowreadhowshefeltafterbeinginthehidingplacesinceJuly1942.①whom在此引导定语从句，修饰afriend。②gothrough经历；经受what在此引导宾语从句，作goingthrough的宾语。③madeherdiaryherbestfriend为“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，名词短语herbestfriend作宾补。④German['dʒɜːmən]adj.德国的；德国人的；德语的n．德国人；德语，Germans(复数)⑤hideaway躲藏；藏起来hide(hid,hidden)vt.&vi.隐藏⑥setdown记下；放下；登记同义短语：write/take/putdown⑦aseriesof一连串的；一系列；一套series['sIəriːz]n．连续；系列⑧as在此引导方式状语从句，意为“正如”。安妮最好的朋友[第1～2段译文]你想不想拥有一位可以无话不谈、能够推心置腹的朋友呢？或者你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮·弗兰克想要的就是第一种类型的朋友，于是她把自己的日记当成了最好的朋友。第二次世界大战期间，安妮居住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她全家都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则就会被德国纳粹党人抓走。她和她的家人躲了将近两年零一个月才被发现。在那段时间里，她唯一的忠实朋友就是她的日记了。她说：“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把我这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把这个朋友称作基蒂。”现在，让我们看一看安妮自1942年7月以来在藏身之处躲着时的那种心情吧。Thursday15thJune,1944DearKitty，Iwonderif⑨it'sbecauseIhaven'tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthat⑪I'vegrownsocrazyabout⑫everythingtodowith⑬nature⑭.Icanwellrememberthattherewasatimewhen⑮adeepbluesky,thesongofthebirds,moonlightandnflowerscouldneverhavekeptmespellbound.That'schangedsinceIcamehere.,⑨if在此意为“是否”，引导宾语从句。outdoors[aʊt'dɔːz]adv.在户外；在野外，indoors在室内⑪it'sbecause...that...为强调句型。⑫growcrazyabout对……变得热衷；对……变得狂热⑬everythingtodowith与……有关的一切事物⑭nature['neItʃə(r)]n．自然；自然界⑮therewasatimewhen...为常用句型，意为“曾经有一段时间……”，when在此引导定语从句，修饰atime。[第3段译文]1944年6月15日　星期四,亲爱的基蒂：,我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。我可以非常清楚地记得，以前湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和花朵从未令我如此心驰神往。自从我来到这里后，一切都变了。...Forexample,oneeveningwhenitwassowarm⑯，Istayed⑰awakeonpurpose⑱untilhalfpasteleveninorderto⑲haveagoodlookat⑳themoonbymyself.Butasthemoongavefartoomuchlight,Ididn'tdareopenawindow.Anothertimefivemonthsago,Ihappenedtobeupstairsatduskwhenthewindowwasopen.Ididn'tgodownstairsuntilthewindowhadtobeshut.Thedark,rainyevening,thewind,thethunderingcloudsheldmeentirelyintheirpower；itwasthefirsttimeinayearandahalfthatI'dseenthenightfacetoface......Sadly...Iamonlyabletolookatnaturethroughdirtycurtainshangingbeforeverydustywindows.It'snopleasurelookingthroughtheseanylongerbecausenatureisonethingthatreallymustbeexperienced.Yours，Annen⑯when在此引导定语从句，修饰oneevening。⑰staylinkv．保持，继续是，相当于keep，其后接形容词作表语。stayawake醒着⑱onpurpose(＝bydesign)故意反义短语：byaccident/chance偶然地⑲inorderto为了……，同义短语：soasto为了……⑳haveagoodlookat好好看看……as在此引导原因状语从句，表示“由于；因为”。fartoomuch中far是副词，表程度；toomuch“太多”，后跟不可数名词。happentodo碰巧做……atdusk[dʌsk]在黄昏时刻not...until...直到……才……thunder['θʌndə]vi.打雷；雷鸣n.雷；雷声entirely[In'taIəlI]adv.完全地；全然地；整个地entire[In'taIə]adj.整个的；完全的；全部的power['paʊə]n．能力；力量；权力，powerfuladj.强大的itwasthefirsttimethat...“这是……第一次……”，其中that引导定语从句，从句用于修饰先行词thefirsttime。facetoface面对面地，facetofaceadj.面对面的curtain['kɜːtn]n．窗帘；门帘；幕布dusty['dʌstI]adj.积满灰尘的现在分词短语hanging...作后置定语，修饰curtains。nIt'snopleasuredoingsth.做某事是没有乐趣的。在此It为形式主语，lookingthrough...为真正的主语。nolonger/not...anylonger不再……(指时间上不再延续)nomore/not...anymore不再……(指程度或次数不再增加)experiencevt.体验；经历that在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词onething。[第4～5段译文]……比如，在一个非常温暖的夜晚，我故意熬到11点半不睡觉，为的是独自好好地看一看月亮。但是因为月光太亮了，我不敢打开窗户。还有一次，那是在五个月前的一个黄昏，我恰好在楼上，窗户是开着的。我一直等到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。漆黑的夜晚，风雨交加，电闪雷鸣，我完全被这种力量镇住了。这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚…………让人伤心的是……我只能透过挂在沾满灰尘的窗户上的脏兮兮的窗帘观看大自然。观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。你的，安妮PrereadingPleasematchthewordswiththeirpropermeanings.1．upset　　　　　　　　A．(使)平静；平静的2．ignoreB．(使)担忧；担心；关注3．calmC．完全地；全然地；整个地4．concernD．不理睬；忽视5．seriesE．雷；雷声；打雷；雷鸣6．duskF．能力；力量；权力7．thunderG．连续；系列8．entirelyH．心烦意乱的；使不安；使心烦9．powerI．积满灰尘的10．dustyJ．黄昏；傍晚1～5　______________6～10　______________答案：1～5　HDABG　6～10　JECFILeadin1．Doyouhavefriends?Whatkindoffrienddoyoulike?nInmyopinion,agoodfriendshouldbehonest,_kind,_friendly,_helpful,_patient,_loyal,_responsible,_selfless,_kindhearted_and_so_on.n2.Doesafriendalwayshavetobeaperson?Whatelsecanbeyourfriend?No.Apet(adog,acatandsoon),abook,atoyandsoon.WhilereadingFastreadingSkimthetextandchoosethebestanswers.1．Thetextmainlytellsus________.A．theimportanceofkeepingadiaryB．howtomakefriendswithothersC．whatAnnelikedtodoinherfreetimeD．whyAnnechoseherdiaryasherfriend答案：D2．Findoutthemainideaofeachparagraph.(1)Readfirsttwoparagraphsandmatchthemainideawitheachparagraph.Para.1　A．Anne'sfamilywasJewishsotheyhadtohideortheywouldbecaughtbytheGermanNazis.Para.2B．Annemadeherdiaryherbestfriend.Para.1__B__　Para.2__A__(2)ReadAnne'sdiaryandmatchthemainideawitheachparagraph.Para.1　A．Oneevening,Annestayedawakeuntilhalfpasteleveninordertohaveagoodlookatthemoon.Para.2B．Annewasonlyabletolookatnaturethroughdustywindows.Para.3　C．Annehadn'tbeenoutdoorsforsolongthatshehadgrowncrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.Para.1__C__　Para.2__A__　Para.3__B__CarefulreadingReadthereadingpassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswersaccordingtothetext.1．WhydidAnne'sfamilyhideinoneplaceduringWorldWarⅡ？A．Becausetheywereagainstwar.B．BecausetheybrokeGermanlaws.C．BecausetheywereJewish.D．BecausetheywereagainsttheGermangovernment.2．WhatmadeAnnecrazyaboutnature?nA．Herfearforwar.　　　B．Losingfriendship.C．Herdream.D．Losingfreedom.3．AnneFrankandherfamilyhidawayfor________.A．overayearB．overtwoyearsC．threeyearsD．oneyearandahalf4．WhydidAnnestayawakeuntil11：30oneevening?A．Becausesheplannedtoescapefromthebuilding.B．Becauseshewaswaitingforhermothertocomeback.C．Becauseshewantedtolookatthemoonbyherself.D．Becauseshewastooexcited.答案：1～4　CDBCStudyreadingAnalyzethefollowingsentencesinthetextthatmaybedifficulttounderstand.1．Iwonderifit'sbecauseIhaven'tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatI'vegrownsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.[句式分析][尝试翻译]　我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。2．Icanwellrememberthattherewasatimewhenadeepbluesky,thesongofthebirds,moonlightandflowerscouldneverhavekeptmespellbound.[句式分析][尝试翻译]　我可以非常清楚地记得，以前湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和花朵从未令我如此心驰神往。3．It'snopleasurelookingthroughtheseanylongerbecausenatureisonethingnthatreallymustbeexperienced.[句式分析][尝试翻译]　观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。Ⅰ.阅读理解AIthinkaclosefriendissomeoneyougetonreallywellwith,whohelpsyouwhenyouhaveproblems,whogivesyouadvice,andwhoalwayshastimeforyou.Ididn'tusetohavemanyclosefriendswhenIwasatschooloratuniversityasIwasveryshy,butnowIhaveseveral.Theyareallwomen—Ithinkit'sdifficulttohaveaclosefriendoftheoppositesex(异性)．—MarieIdon'treallyhaveanyclosefriends.Iknowalotofpeoplebutmainlythroughwork,andthekindofsocialoccasions(场合)whenwemeetarebusinessdinnersandeveningparties.Ithinkifyoucomefromareallyclosefamily,thenfriendsareabitunnecessary.ThelittlefreetimeIhaveIprefertospendwithmyfamily.—RichardIthinkaclosefriendissomeonewhoyou'veknownforalongtime,andwhoyoustillgetonwith.Theyprobablyhavesimilarhobbiestoyousoyoucandothingstogether.I'vegotthreeclosefriendswhoIwasathighschoolwithandweoftengoawaytogether(withoutourparentsofcourse)．Wealwaysgocampingandsomewherewecangowalking,playfootballandbeoutsideintheopenair.—DavidFormeclosefriendsarethepeopleyouspendyourfreetimewith.Igooutatweekendswithagroupofpeople—thereareaboutsevenofus,andI'dsayweareallclosefriends.Wealsoliveneareachother.Idon'tthinkyoucanhaveclosefriendsatadistance(在远处);youneedtobeabletoseeeachotheroften.ButIdon'tthinkyouneedtobedoingthesamethings.ImeanI'matuniversitybutnoneofmyfriendsare.—Anan语篇解读：本文是应用文。文中的四人对亲密朋友这个话题发表了各自的看法。1．WhatdoesRichardsayaboutfriends?A．It'shardtomakefriendsatwork.B．They'relessimportantthanfamily.C．Friendsneedtohavealotincommon.D．Womenandmencan'tbeclosefriends.解析：选B　推理判断题。根据Richard说的“Ithinkifyoucomefromareallyclosefamily,thenfriendsareabitunnecessary.ThelittlefreetimeIhaveIprefertospendwithmyfamily.”可知，他认为朋友没有家人重要。2．WhatdoesDavidenjoy?A．Physicalactivity.B．Parentchildcamp.C．Goingtoeveningparties.D．Playingoutintheopenalone.解析：选A　推理判断题。根据David说的“Wealwaysgocampingandsomewherewecangowalking,playfootball.”可知，他热爱体育运动。3．WhatdoweknowaboutAna'sfriends?A．Theyarecollegestudents.B．Theyaredoingthesamethings.C．Theydon'tlivefaraway.D．Theydon'tseeeachotheroften.解析：选C　细节理解题。根据末段中的“Wealsoliveneareachother.”可知，Ana的朋友都住得离彼此很近。4．Whohasmorefriendsnowthanbefore?A．Ana.　　　　　　　　B．David.C．Richard.D．Marie.解析：选D　细节理解题。根据首段中的“Ididn'tusetohavemanyclosefriends”和“butnowIhaveseveral”之间的对比可知，Marie现在的朋友比以前多。BAfriendisbetterthanmoney.Afriendisworsethanpoisoninsomecases.Thetwosentencesabovehaveoppositemeaningsandseemtobeunreasonable,buttheycanbeexplainedasfollows:thefirstreferstoallgoodfriendswhodriveustowardsgoodwhilethesecondallbadoneswholeadusintobadways.Myideal(理想的)friendisofcourseagoodfriendwhosegoodnessisshownbelown—hehasnobadhabits,suchassmokinganddrinking.Helivesinfrugality(节俭).Hestudieshardsoasnottowastehisgoldentime.Athomehehonorshisparentsandloveshisbrothers;atschoolherespectshisteachersandsharesthefeelingsofhisclassmates.Hetreatsthosetrulywhoaretruetohim.Inaword,hehasallthegoodcharacteristics(特征)thatIdon'thave.Icanfollowhimasamodel.WithhishelpIcanbefreefromalldifficulties.Indeed,ifIhavesuchapersonasmyfriend,IshallneverfeardifficultyandIshallneverknowtheexistenceoftheword“failure”．语篇解读：好朋友比金钱更重要，而坏朋友却比毒药毒害更大，那么我们理想的朋友应该是什么样的呢？本篇文章的作者给出了自己的观点。5．Thispassagemainlytellsus________.A．howtomakefriendswithothersB．howtohelpfriendsC．whatkindofpersonthewriter'sfriendisD．whatkindofpersonweshouldmakefriendswith解析：选D　主旨大意题。通读全文可知本篇文章主要讲的是我们应该与什么样的人做朋友，故选D。6．Accordingtothewriter,anidealfriendrefersto________.A．afriendwithoutbadhabitsB．afamousmanC．aperfectmanD．arespectableman解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段可知作者认为理想的朋友指的是没有坏习惯，生活节俭，学习用功，不浪费黄金时间的人，故C项最符合题意。7．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Thewriterandhisidealfriendhavealottolearnfromeachother.B．Thewriterhasalottolearnfromhisidealfriend.C．Thewriter'sidealfriendhasalottolearnfromhim.D．Thewriterhasonlyalittletolearnfromhisidealfriend.解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句“Icanfollowhimasamodel.”可知作者有许多向理想中的朋友学习的地方，故选B。8．Fromthesecondparagraph,wecaninferthewriterissurethat________.A．friendshipmeansagreatdealtohimB．nothingcanbedonewithoutfriendsnC．hewhodoesnotsmokeordrinkmustbeagoodfriendD．goodfriendsshouldalwayshelpeachother解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第二段可知作者认为理想中的朋友应该有许多作者没有的好品质，作者可以向他学习，在他的帮助下作者可以免受所有的困难，因此对作者来说，友谊意味着很多。故A项符合题意。CBeforeyoumakefriends,youhavetodecidewhoyouwanttobeyourfriends.Mostpeopleliketohavefriendswholiketodothesamethingtheydo.Thequickestwaytomakeafriendistosmile.Whenyousmile,peoplethinkyouarefriendlyandeasytotalkto.Itmaynotbeeasyatfirsttosmile,butremembermostpeoplewillstayawayfromascared(害怕的)orangrylookingface.Oneeasywaytostartaconversationwithsomeoneistosaysomethingniceabouthim.Thinkabouthowgreatyoufeelwhensomeonesayssomethingnicetoyou.Doesn'titmakeyouwanttokeeptalkingtothatperson?Askyournewfriendsquestionsaboutthemselves.Who'stheirfavoritesinger,wheredotheylive,whatdotheydoafterschoolareallgoodquestionstostartaconversation.Makesureyouhavesomethingtoaddtotheconversation,too.Whensomeoneasksyouaquestion,dohaveananswerforthem.There'snothingthatwillstopaconversationquickerthana_shrug_for_an_answer.Kidswhoshowaninterestinotherkidsandwhoarekindandfriendlymakegoodfriends.Remember,everyonewantstobearoundpeoplewholiketodosimilar(相似的)thingsandpeoplewhoarenicetothem.语篇解读：大多数人都想交兴趣相同的朋友，那么到底该如何交朋友呢？本文给出了一些建议。9．Thispassagegivesussomeadviceon________.A．howtomakefriendsB．whatkindofpersonyoucanmakefriendswithC．howtostartaconversationD．theimportanceofsmilen解析：选A　主旨大意题。通读全文可知文章主要讲述了如何交朋友，故选A。10．Mostpeopleliketomakefriendswiththose________.A．whoaresadeverydayB．whosharethesameinterestC．whoarefondoftalkingD．whosaybadthingstothem解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段“Mostpeopleliketohavefriendswholiketodothesamethingtheydo.”和最后一段内容可知兴趣相同的人容易成为朋友，故选B。11．Accordingtothethirdparagraph,mostpeopleenjoytalkingtoone________.A．whoisalwayssmilingB．whoseemstobefriendlyC．whopraisesthemD．whopointsouttheirshortcomings解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Thinkabouthowgreatyoufeelwhensomeonesayssomethingnicetoyou.”可知人们喜欢和表扬自己的人谈话，故选C。12．Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthispassagemean?A．Beingveryproud.B．Makingnoanswer.C．Knowingnothing.D．Nothopingtoanswer.解析：选B　词义猜测题。画线部分与前面的“Whensomeoneasksyouaquestion,dohaveananswerforthem.”相对应，因此画线部分的意思是“不做回答”，故选B。Ⅱ.阅读七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。JealousKenDickandKenlivedinthesamestreet.Bothchildrenhadagoodhomeandlotsofnicethings.__1__Inotherwords,Kenwasajealous(嫉妒的)boy.DickandKengrewupandgotjobs.Atfirst,theybothcycledtoworkeverymorning.ThenDickboughtamotorcycle.Everymorning,DickonhismotorcyclerodepastKenonhisbicycle,andKenfeltjealous.__2__HewashappyuntilDickboughtacar.Kenworkedharduntilhehadenoughmoneyforacar.Heboughtacar,anditnwasasgoodasDick'scar.Therewerealotofothercarsontheroad,sothejourneytoworkwasslower,butKenwashappy.__3__SoKenworkedveryhard,andyesterdayheboughtanexpensivenewcar.Thismorning,Kenlefthomeinhisnewcar.__4__ButKenwashappybecausehiscarwasbigger,betterandfasterthanDick'scar.ThenhesawDickbehindhim,butDickwasnotinacar.Dickwasridingabicycle.Itwasanewbicycle.Thecarsmovedveryslowly,soDickcycledpastthemeasily.__5__Hewatchedfromhisbig,expensivecarandfeltjealous.A．Dickwasveryproudofhisnewcar.B．Butafterayear,Dickboughtabiggercar.C．BothKenandDickwalkedtoworkeveryday.D．SoKenboughtamotorcycleandhewashappy.E．KenwatchedasDickcycledawayinfrontofhim.F．ButKenwasunhappybecausesomeofDick'sthingswerebetterthanhis.G．Therewerecarsinfrontasfarashecouldsee,andnoneofthemcouldmove.语篇解读：本文是记叙文。Ken非常嫉妒Dick，并试图获得Dick所拥有的东西。1．选F　根据文中的“Bothchildrenhadagoodhomeandlotsofnicethings.”及“Kenwasajealousboy”可知，虽然Ken的家境不错但是他依然很嫉妒Dick的好东西。2．选D　根据文中的“Dickonhismotorcycle...Kenfeltjealous”及“HewashappyuntilDickboughtacar.”可知，Ken嫉妒Dick买了一辆摩托车，所以他也买了一辆，这让他很开心。3．选B　根据下一句中的“SoKenworkedveryhard,andyesterdayheboughtanexpensivenewcar.”可知，一年后，Dick又买了一辆更大的车，Ken看见后又努力工作买了一辆更贵的车。4．选G　根据文中的“Kenlefthomeinhisnewcar”及“ButKenwashappy”可知，Ken开着他的新车发现路上堵得水泄不通，但他依然很开心。5．选E　根据文中的“Thecarsmovedveryslowly,soDickcycledpastthemeasily.”及“Hewatchedfromhisbig,expensivecar”可知，路上拥堵严重，Ken坐在车里看着Dick骑着自行车很轻松地超过了他。