2019高中英语刷题首选卷基础练能力练unit1greatscientists课时作业（一）（含解析） 8页

SectionⅡ　TheLanguagePointsofReading课时作业(一)对应学生用书P3Ⅰ.完形填空[2017·北京高考]HannahTaylorisaschoolgirlfromManitoba,Canada.Oneday,whenshewasfiveyearsold,shewaswalkingwithhermotherindowntownWinnipeg.Theysawaman__1__outofagarbagecan.Sheaskedhermotherwhyhedidthat,andhermothersaidthatthemanwashomelessandhungry.Hannahwasvery__2__.Shecouldn'tunderstandwhysomepeoplehadtolivetheirliveswithoutshelterorenoughfood.Hannahstartedtothinkabouthowshecould__3__，but,ofcourse,thereisnotalotonefiveyearoldcandotosolve(解决)theproblemofhomelessness.Later,whenHannahattendedschool,shesawanotherhomelessperson.Itwasawoman,__4__anoldshoppingtrolley(购物车)whichwaspiledwith__5__.Itseemedthateverythingthewomanownedwasinthem.ThismadeHannahverysad,andevenmore__6__todosomething.Shehadbeentalkingtohermotheraboutthelivesofhomelesspeople__7__theyfirstsawthehomelessman.Hermothertoldherthatifshedidsomethingtochangetheproblemthatmadehersad,shewouldn't__8__asbad.HannahbegantospeakoutaboutthehomelessnessinManitobaandtheninotherprovinces.Shehopedto__9__hermessageofhopeandawareness.ShestartedtheLadybugFoundation,anorganizationaimingatgettingridofhomelessness.Shebeganto__10__“BigBosses”lunches,whereshewouldtrytopersuadelocalbusinessleadersto__11__tothecause.Shealsoorganizedafundraising(募捐)drivein“LadybugJars”tocollecteveryone'ssparechangeduring“MakeChange”month.Morerecently,thefoundationbegananother__12__calledNationalRedScarfDay—adaywhenpeopledonate$20andwearredscarvesinsupportofCanada's__13__andhomeless.ThereisanemergencyshelterinWinnipegcalled“Hannah'sPlace”，somethingthatHannahisvery__14__of.Hannah'sPlaceisdividedintoseveralareas,providingshelterforpeoplewhenitissocoldthat__15__outdoorscanmeandeath.InthemorethanfiveyearssinceHannahbeganheractivities,shehasreceivedalotof__16__.Forexample,shereceivedthe2007BRICKAwardrecognizingthe__17__ofyoungpeopletochangetheworld.But__18__allthis,Hannahstillhasthe__19__lifeofaWinnipegschoolgirl,exceptthatshepaysregularvisitstohomelessnpeople.Hannahisoneofmanyexamplesofyoungpeoplewhoaremakinga__20__intheworld.Youcan,too!篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位心地善良的小女孩，在两次目睹了无家可归的流浪者的悲惨生活后，竭尽所能地帮助无家可归者。在自己的努力和影响下，她让更多的人参与了进来。1．A.jumpingB．eatingC．cryingD．waving答案：B　根据后面的“themanwashomelessandhungry”可知，那个人无家可归，并且很饿，所以他应该是从垃圾桶里找东西吃(eating)。2．A.annoyedB．nervousC．ashamedD．upset答案：D　根据后面的“Shecouldn'tunderstandwhysomepeoplehadtolivetheirliveswithoutshelterorenoughfood.”可知，她不能理解为什么一些人没有庇护之所，没有足够的食物，这让她很难过(upset)。第二段最后一句出现的sad是近义词复现，也可由此印证答案。3．A.behaveB．manageC．helpD．work答案：C　根据后面的“thereisnotalotonefiveyearoldcandotosolve(解决)theproblemofhomelessness”可知，Hannah想尽一己之力帮助(help)无家可归者，不过一个5岁的女孩毕竟能力有限，可做的事情不多。4．A.pushingB．carryingC．buyingD．holding答案：A　根据后面的“anoldshoppingtrolley(购物车)”可知，她碰到的那个妇女推着(pushing)一辆旧的购物车。5．A.goodsB．bottlesC．foodsD．bags答案：D　根据后面的“Itseemedthateverythingthewomanownedwasinthem.”可知，them指代该空所填词，表示那个妇女所有的家当好像都在其中，所以购物车里应该堆满了袋子(bags)。6．A.excitedB．determinedC．energeticD．gratefuln答案：B　根据第一段的内容可知，Hannah在5岁时就想帮助无家可归者，根据第三、四段的内容可知，Hannah做了一些事情来帮助他们，所以此处表示，看到这个无家可归的妇女生活上的窘迫，她很伤心，这更坚定了(determined)她要做点儿事情的决心。7．A.sinceB．unlessC．althoughD．as答案：A　根据第一段的内容“Sheaskedhermotherwhyhedidthat...”可知，自从(since)她们第一次碰到那个无家可归的人，Hannah就和她的妈妈一直讨论他们的生活。since“自……以来”，引导时间状语从句。8．A.soundB．getC．feelD．look答案：C　根据空格前的“Hermothertoldher...madehersad”可知，她的妈妈告诉她，如果她能做点儿什么来改变这个问题，那么她就不会感觉(feel)这么糟糕了。9．A.exchangeB．leaveC．keepD．spread答案：D　根据此段第一句中的“begantospeakout”可知，Hannah开始在公开场合做些关于无家可归现象的演讲，想呼吁人们关注无家可归者。她希望把希望传播(spread)下去，并提升人们的意识。10．A.sellB．deliverC．hostD．pack答案：C　根据此空句子的后半句可知，她会在午餐期间尽力说服当地的商界领袖为这一事业做出贡献，所以Hannah是主办(host)了“大老板”午餐，这是她组织的一种活动。11．A.contributeB．leadC．applyD．agree答案：A　Hannah举办“大老板”午餐活动，是为了让他们为这一事业做出贡献(contribute)。contributeto“为……做贡献，捐助，捐赠”。12．A.campaignB．tripC．procedureD．trial答案：A　空格前的“another”提示，前面已经出现过一个同类型的名词，而前文提到的与募捐有关的活动，是一个零钱月(“MakeChange”month)，因而another后面是另一个活动(campaign)——NationalRedScarfDay，人们在当天捐献20美元来帮助加拿大的无家可归者。13．A.elderlyB．hungryC．lonelyD．sick答案：B　第一段中提到了“themanwashomelessandhungry”，和本空相对应，是n原词复现。14．A.awareB．afraidC．proudD．sure答案：C　根据下文的描述，Hannah'sPlace分布在好几个区，为流浪者提供了栖身之处，所以Hannah已经给很多流浪者提供了帮助，这是让她感到骄傲的(proud)事。15．A.goingB．sleepingC．travellingD．playing答案：B　由空格前面的关键信息“providingshelter”可知，Hannah给流浪者提供了栖身之处，让他们在严寒的天气有地方可住。在寒冷的天气，睡(sleeping)在户外就可能死亡。16．A.praisesB．invitationsC．repliesD．appointments答案：A　根据本段中的“shereceivedthe2007BRICKAward”可判断，她因自己的善行获得了很多赞扬(praises)。17．A.needsB．interestsC．dreamsD．efforts答案：D　Hannah2007年获得的这个奖项是对年轻人为改变世界所做出努力(effort)的认可。18．A.forB．throughC．besidesD．along答案：B　经历了这一切，Hannah依然过着正常的校园生活。through“通过，经过”。19．A.healthyB．publicC．normalD．tough答案：C　根据上下文可知，在做慈善的过程中，她依旧过着普通(normal)校园女孩的生活，和其他女孩并无区别，只是常常要去探望无家可归的人。20．A.choiceB．profitC．judgementD．difference答案：D　根据上文内容可知，Hannah是通过自己的努力改变世界的年轻人之一。makeadifference“有作用，有影响”，符合语境。Ⅱ.阅读理解AThomasEdisonwasoneoftensaidtobethegreatestgeniusofhisage.Thereareonlyafewmeninallofthehistory,whohavechangedthelivesofothermenasmuchastheinventorofthefirstusefulelectriclight.ButEdisoncouldnevernbehappyonlybecausesomeonesaidhewasagenius.“Thereisnosuchthingasgenius，”Edisonsaid.Hesaidthatwhatpeoplecalledgeniuswasmostlyhardwork.ButEdisonwasadreameraswellasaworker.Fromhisearliestdaysasachildhewonderedaboutthesecretsofnature.Nature,heoftensaid,isfullofsecrets.Hetriedtounderstandthem;then,hetriedtolearnwhatcouldusefullybedonewiththem.Edisonenjoyedthinking.Heknewthatmostpeoplewilldoalmostanythinginsteadofthedifficultworkofthinking,especiallyiftheydonotthinkveryoften.Butheknew,too,thatthinkingcangivemenenjoymentandpleasure.Edisoncouldnotunderstandhowanyonecouldbeuninterestedinlife.Ashelovedtothink,healsolovedtowork.Onthedayhebecame75yearsold,someoneaskedhimwhatideashehadaboutlife.“Work，”heanswered.“Discoveringthesecretsofnatureandusingthemtomakemenhappier.”Hesaidhehadenoughinventionsinhismindtogivehimanother100yearsofwork.1．WhichofthefollowingisWRONGaccordingtothepassage?A．Edisoninventedtheelectriclight.B．ManyotherpeoplehavechangedEdison'slife.C．Edisonhaschangedthelivesofmanyotherpeople.D．Fewmeninhistorycanchangeotherpeople'slife.答案：B　细节理解题。B项原文没提到。根据第一段第二句可知，其他三项的叙述是正确的。2．InEdison'sopinion,________.A．thinkingcangivepeopleenjoymentandpleasureB．people'ssuccessliesmostlyingeniusC．hardworkisthesecondimportantthinginmakingpeoplesuccessfulD．therearefewsecretsforhimtodiscoverlater答案：A　细节理解题。由第三段最后一句可知A项正确。其他三项原文没提到。3．Thelastsentenceinthepassagemostprobablyimplies________.A．lifeistooshortforEdisontoinventmoreforhumanbeingsB．Edisonmade100inventionsinhislifeC．Edisonwasabletoliveandworkfor100yearsD．peopleofhistimethoughthighlyofEdison'swork答案：A　推理判断题。文章最后一句暗示出，爱迪生觉得他有很多要发明的东西，对n此而言，生命却很短暂。故选A项。BItissuchacommonoccurrencethatnooneeverwondersfromwhereitcame.Butthetelephonehasafascinatingstorybehindit.ItisthestoryofAlexanderGrahamBell.HewasborninEdinburgh,Scotlandin1847.Thesonofamanwhowasbitten_bytheworkingsofthehumanvoice,howitisproducedandused,andespeciallyteachingthedeafhowtouseit,youngAlexanderGrahamBellgrewupwithhisfather'ssuchstrongfeelings.In1870,becauseofpoorhealth,hemigratedtoCanada.ItwasnotlongbeforehissuccessinteachingthedeaftospeakbroughthimtotheattentionofawealthymerchantinBostonwhowantedBelltohelpherdaughter,Mabel.Finally,MrBellandMabelfellinlove.Itwasshewhoinspiredhimtodevelopthethenremarkableinstrumentthattransformedspeechintoelectricalimpulses(脉冲)thatcouldthenbechangedbackintohumanspeechattheendofawire.In1877,heandMabelweremarried.HelaterbecameanAmericancitizen.AlexanderGrahamBellwasshoweredwiththepraiseoftheworld.Honorscametohimfromallthepointsofthecompass.Hewentontootherdiscoveries,manyofthem.Butinhisownview,hewasmostproudofhiseffortstohelpthedeaf.So,whenthegovernmentofFranceawardedhimtheVoltaPrizeforinventingthetelephone,hecombinedthismonetaryawardwiththemoneyhemadefromsellingthepatentonanotherinventiontoestablishtheVoltaBureauinWashington,DC.Itspurposewastofundresearchondeafness.Today,itiscalledtheAlexanderGrahamBellAssociationfortheDeafandHardofHearing.Itsrolehasbeenchangedtoprovidingthelatestinformationforthedeafoftheworldonhowbesttodealwiththeirdisability.4．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedphrase“bittenby”？A．Fedupwith.B．Familiarwith.C．Inharmonywith.D．Enthusiasticabout.答案：D　词义猜测题。根据画线部分后的“theworkingsofthehumanvoice,howitisproducedandused,andespeciallyteachingthedeafhowtouseit,youngAlexanderGrahamBellgrewupwithhisfather'ssuchstrongfeelings”可知，Bell伴着父亲的这种强烈的感情长大，再根据第三段中提到的Bell教聋人说话可知，Bell的父亲应是热n衷于研究人类的声音。故D项“对……感兴趣，热衷于……”与画线部分意义相近。5．WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutBell?A．Hemarriedadeafwoman.B．Hetaughtthedeaftousetelephones.C．Hewasfundedbyamerchant.D．Hewasinspiredbyhisfathertoinventtelephones.答案：A　推理判断题。根据第三段第二句中的“hissuccessinteachingthedeaftospeakbroughthimtotheattentionofawealthymerchantinBostonwhowantedBelltohelpherdaughter,Mabel”可知，Bell在教聋人说话方面的成功引起了一名波士顿富商的注意，他想请Bell帮助他的女儿Mabel，由此可推知，Mabel也是一名聋人。再根据第三段倒数第二句可知，Bell和Mabel结婚了，因此A项“Bell娶了一名聋人”正确。6．Whatmaytheparagraphthatfollowsbeabout?A．ThedevelopmentoftheAssociation.B．ExamplesofBell'sotherinventions.C．Somethingabouthisfamily.D．Bell'sdeathandhisinfluence.答案：D　推理判断题。第四段已经简单介绍了theAssociation的前身和现在的作用，因此下一段不会再介绍它的发展了；第四段中提到Bell有多项发明，并且提到他出售别的发明，因此下一段也不会介绍他的其他发明；第二段和第三段已经提到了Bell的父亲和妻子了，因此下一段不会再介绍他的家人。本文简要介绍了Bell的生平和成就，因此下一段很可能会提到Bell的逝世和他的影响。Ⅲ.七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping,Iwouldhavelaughedheartily.Campers,inmyeyes,werepeoplewhoenjoyedinsectbites,illcookedmeals,anduncomfortablesleepingbags.Theyhadnothingincommonwithme.__1__Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer.__2__Wesleptinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork,recoveringfromabadcaseofsunburnandthedoctor'sbillformyson'sfoodpoisoning.Iwas,nevertheless,talkedintogoingonanotherfunfilledholidayinthenwilderness.__3__Instead,wehadapopupcamperwithcomfortablebedsandanairconditioner.Mynaturelovingfriendshadrememberedtobringallthenecessitiesoflife.__4__Wehavedonealotofitsince.Recently,weboughtatwentyeightfoottraveltrailercompletewithabathroomandabuiltinTVset.Thereisaseparatebedroom,amodernkitchenwitharefrigerator.Thetrailerevenhasmatchingcarpetandcurtains.__5__Itmustbetruethatsoonerorlater,everyonefindshisorherwaybacktonature.Irecommendthatyoufindyourwayinstyle.A．Thistimetherewasnotent.B．Thingsaregoingtobeimproved.C．Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.D．Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen，however.E．ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.F．Afterthetrip，myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.G．Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall.1．D　空格前一句说“他们与我没有共同之处”，空格后一段讲述了作者的一次野营，前后之间存在转折关系，所以此处需要填一个承上启下的转折句，这与D项中的however相呼应。2．C　根据后文的描述“我们睡帐篷，在篝火上做饭，走很长的路去洗澡和上厕所”可知，这次野营比较艰难，这与C项中的rough相对应。3．A　根据后文转折副词instead后的描述“我们这次有野营车，里面有舒服的床和空调”可知，这次的野营没有帐篷。故选A。4．F　根据空格后的代词we可判断所填句子中应含有复数名词，再结合空格后面一句“从那以后我们进行了很多次野营”可判断应选F项“这次野营后，我的家人都对野营相当感兴趣了”。5．E　根据整篇文章的行文思路来看，此处应填一个总结升华的句子，结合空格后面一句“每个人迟早都会找到回归自然的方式”可判断选E项“我必须得说，我肯定喜欢上野营了”。