2019年高中英语unit1greatscientistssectionⅳlearningaboutlanguage 18页

SectionⅣLearningaboutLanguage&UsingLanguage[原文呈现]COPERNICUS’REVOLUTIONARY①THEORYNicolausCopernicus②wasfrightenedandhismindwasconfused③.Althoughhehadtriedtoignorethem,allhismathematicalcalculationsledto④thesameconclusionthattheearthwasnotthecentreofthesolarsystem⑤.Onlyifyouputthesuntheredid⑥themovements⑦oftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense⑧.YethecouldnottellanyoneabouthistheoryasthepowerfulChristianChurch⑨wouldhavepunishedhimforevensuggestingsuchanidea.TheybelievedGodhadmadetheworldandforthatreason⑩theearthwasspecialandmustbethecentreofthesolarsystem.[读文清障]①revolutionary[ˌrevə'luːʃənərI]adj.革命的；重大变革的②NicolausCopernicus['nIkələskəʊ'pɜːnIkəs]尼古拉·哥白尼(波兰天文学家)③confusedadj.困惑的；烦恼的④leadto通向；导致⑤thesolarsystem太阳系⑥only后接if引导的状语从句，主句使用部分倒装。⑦movement['muːvmənt]n．移动；运动；动作⑧makesense讲得通；有意义⑨ChristianChurch基督教教会⑩reasonn.[C，U]原因；情理哥白尼的革命性理论[第1段译文]尼古拉·哥白尼很恐惧，他的思绪很乱。虽然他尝试着不去理睬那些数字，然而，他的所有的数学计算都得出同样一个结论：地球不是太阳系的中心。只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。然而他并不能向任何人讲述他的理论，因为即使他只暗示有这种想法，他都会受到强大的基督教教会势力的惩罚。他们认为上帝创造了世界，正是由于这个原因，地球才是特殊的，而且一定是太阳系的中心。Theproblemarose⑪becauseastronomershadnoticedthatsomeplanetsintheskyseemedtostop,movebackward⑫andthengoforwardinaloop⑬.Othersappearednbrighterattimes⑭andlessbrightatothers⑮.Thiswasverystrangeif⑯theearthwasthecentreofthesolarsystemandallplanetswentround⑰it.Copernicushadthoughtlongandhard⑱abouttheseproblemsandtriedtofindananswer.Hehadcollectedobservationsofthestarsandusedallhismathematicalknowledgetoexplainthem.Butonlyhisnewtheorycoulddo⑲that.Sobetween1510and1514heworkedon⑳it,graduallyimprovinghistheoryuntilhefeltitwascomplete.⑪arisevi.(arose,arisen)出现；发生；产生⑫backward['bækwəd]adv.&adj.向后地(的)；相反地(的)；退步地(的),movebackward向后移动⑬inaloop呈环状⑭attimes有时；不时⑮atothers＝at(other)times在其他时间⑯if引导条件状语从句。⑰goround＝goaround＝circle围绕……旋转⑱longandhard良久而又苦苦地⑲do指代上文的explain。⑳workon从事；研究现在分词短语improving...作伴随状语。untilhefeltitwascomplete为时间状语从句。[第2～3段译文]问题的出现是因为天文学家已经注意到天空中的有些行星看似静止，有些向相反的方向运行，有些在作圆周运动。有时一些行星会显得比其他的行星更耀眼，而有些却显得比其他的暗。如果说地球是太阳系的中心并且所有行星都围绕着地球转的话，这些现象就非常奇怪了。,哥白尼努力地思考这些问题很长时间了，试图找到一个答案。他已经收集了那些星星的观察数据，并利用他全部的数学知识来解释它们。但只有他的新学说才能够做到这一点。因此，在1510年到1514年之间，他一直致力于对此进行研究，渐渐地改进他的学说直到他感觉已经完善为止。In1514heshoweditprivatelytohisfriends.Thechangeshemadetotheoldtheorywererevolutionary.Heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingrounditandonlythemoonstillgoingroundtheearth.nHealsosuggestedthattheearthwasspinningasitwentroundthesunandthisexplainedchangesinthemovementoftheplanetsandinthebrightnessofthestars.Hisfriendswereenthusiasticandencouragedhimtopublishhisideas，butCopernicuswascautious.HedidnotwanttobeattackedbytheChristianChurch,soheonlypublisheditashelaydyingin1543.privately['praIvItlI]adv.私下地；秘密地fixedadj.固定的；不动的withtheplanetsgoinground...earth为with复合结构，作方式状语。spin[spIn]vi.&vt.(spun,spun)(使)旋转；纺(线或纱)brightness['braItnIs]n．明亮；亮度；聪颖enthusiastic[InˌθjuːzI'æstIk]adj.热情的；热心的encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人去做某事cautious['kɔːʃəs]adj.小心的；谨慎的so连接并列分句，表示因果关系。as至句末为时间状语从句。lievi.(lay,lain)躺[第4段译文]1514年，哥白尼私下里给他的朋友们看了他的新理论。他对旧理论所做的改动是革命性的。他把固定的太阳放在太阳系的中心，别的行星都围绕太阳转动，只有月亮仍然围绕地球转动。他还认为，地球在围绕太阳运转的同时也在自转，这就解释了行星运行和星体亮度上的变化。他的朋友都热情地鼓励他把他的想法公之于世，而哥白尼却小心谨慎。他不想遭到基督教教会的攻击，所以他直到1543年临终之前才公布了这一观点。Certainlyhewasrighttobecareful.TheChristianChurchrejectedhistheory,sayingitwasagainstGod’sideaandpeoplewhosupporteditwouldbeattacked.YetCopernicus’theoryisnowthebasisonwhichallourideasoftheuniversearebuilt.HistheoryreplacedtheChristianideaofgravity,whichnsaidthingsfelltoearthbecauseGodcreatedtheearthasthecentreoftheuniverse.Copernicusshowedthiswasobviouslywrong.NowpeoplecanseethatthereisadirectlinkbetweenhistheoryandtheworkofIsaacNewton,AlbertEinsteinandStephenHawking.reject[rI'dʒekt]vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃现在分词短语sayingitwasagainstGod'sidea...作方式状语。saying后跟两个宾语从句，其中第二个宾语从句中含有who引导的定语从句whosupportedit，修饰people。beagainst反对；违背befor支持；赞同basisn.[C]基础onwhichallourideas...为定语从句，修饰thebasis。universe['juːnIvɜːs]n．宇宙；世界replacevt.取代which引导定语从句，修饰先行词gravity。createvt.创造；产生；制造[第5段译文]当然他小心是正确的。基督教教会拒绝接受他的理论，说这种理论违背了上帝的旨意，而任何支持这种理论的人都将受到打击。然而现在哥白尼的理论却是我们的宇宙观建立的基础。他的理论还取代了基督教教会对地球引力的看法，他们认为物体掉到地球上是因为上帝把地球设定为宇宙的中心。哥白尼证明这显然是错误的。今天人们可以看到他的理论和艾萨克·牛顿、阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦、斯蒂芬·霍金的研究工作有着直接联系。Step1　Readthetextandanswerthefollowingquestions.1．Howmanyscientistsarementionedinthispassage?Whoarethey?Four_scientists._Nicolaus_Copernicus,_Isaac_Newton,_Albert_Einstein_and_Stephen_Hawking.2．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?ThepassagemainlytellsusaboutCopernicus’_revolutionary_theory_and_his_contribution_to_the_field_of_astronomy.Step2　Choosethebestanswersaccordingtothetext.n1．WhatmadeCopernicusfrightenedandconfused?A．Thefactthattheearthwasthecentreofthesolarsystem.B．Theconclusionthatthesunwasthecentreofthesolarsystem.C．Thefactthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.D．ThefactthatGodmadetheworld.2．Whydidn’tCopernicuspublishhistheoryimmediately?A．Becausehedidn’tthinkitwascomplete.B．BecausehewasafraidofbeingattackedbytheChristianChurch.C．Becausehisfriendsforbadehimtodoso.D．Becausenoonesupportedhisideas.3．WhendidCopernicuspublishhistheory?A．Afterhisdeath.B．Beforehetoldhisfriendsaboutit.C．Ashelaydyingin1543.D．Histheorywasneverpublished.4．AllthefollowingstatementsmakeitstrangeiftheearthwasthecentreofthesolarsystemEXCEPTthat________.A．someplanetsintheskyseemedtostopormovebackwardB．someplanetsintheskyappearedbrighterattimesandlessbrightatothersC．someplanetsintheskyseemedtogoforwardinaloopD．thesungoesaroundtheearth5．What’stheChristianChurch’sattitudetowardsCopernicus’theory?A．TheChristianChurchobjectedtohistheory.B．TheChristianChurchwasinfavourofhistheory.C．TheChristianChurchpaidmuchattentiontohistheory.D．TheChristianChurchthoughthighlyofhistheory.答案：1～5　BBCDA一、这样记单词记得准·写得对记得快·记得多nⅠ.基础词汇1.chartn．　　　　　　　图表2.positiveadj.积极的；肯定的；确实的3.backwardadv.&adj.向后地(的)；相反地(的)；退步地(的)4.spinvi.&vt.(使)旋转；纺(线或纱)5.universen.宇宙；世界Ⅱ.拓展词汇1.constructvt.建设；修建→constructionn．建设；建筑物2.contributevt.&vi.捐献；贡献；捐助→contributionn．贡献；捐款3.movementn．移动；运动；动作→movev．移动；搬动4.enthusiasticadj.热情的；热心的→enthusiasmn．热情；热心5.cautiousadj.小心的；谨慎的→cautionn．小心；谨慎6.rejectvt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃→rejectionn．拒绝；拒绝接受；厌弃1.“图表”表达法小结①chart图表　　　　②piechart饼状图③graph曲线图④table表格⑤picture图画⑥cartoon卡通画；漫画2.以“ward(s)”为后缀的词荟萃①backwardadv.&adj.向后地(的)②afterwardsadv.后来③downwardadv.向下④eastwardsadv.向东⑤upward(s)adv.向上；往上⑥northwardsadv.向北⑦outward(s)adv.向外⑧forwardadv.将来；今后；向前；前进3.A－B－B型不规则动词一览①spin→spun→spun(使)旋转②dig→dug→dug挖③stick→stuck→stuck钉住；刺④strike→struck→struck打；击⑤sting→stung→stung刺；叮4.“态度词”集锦①positive积极的②negative消极的③objective客观的④doubtful怀疑的⑤approving满意的n二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.apart_from　　　　　除……之外；此外2．(be)_strict_with_...对……严格的3．make_sense讲得通；有意义4．lead_to通向；导致5．come_to_an_end结束6．at_times有时7．make_room_for为……腾地方8．be_responsible_for对……负责1.doscientificjob　　　　　　　做科学工作2．workexperience工作经验3．developasevereillness得了一种严重的疾病4．thefireworksdisplay焰火表演5．thecentreofthesolarsystem太阳系的中心6．forthatreason由于那个原因7．goaroundtheearth围着地球转8．onthebasis基于……三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Ihadexpectedittobebetter.我本期望会更好。expect使用过去完成时，表示“本期望……”。Ihad_expected_the_weather_to_be_better,_butitturnedouttobeworse.我本期望着天气会变得更好些，结果却变得更糟糕。2.Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。“only＋状语(从句)”位于句首时后面的主句需用部分倒装。There’snodenyingthatonlyifwedealwithandovercomelargenumbersofdifficultiesinacorrectwaywill_we_achieve_our_dreams.(2015·湖南高考书面表达)无可否认，只有当我们用正确的方式处理并克服大量困难，我们才会实现我们的梦想。n3.Heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingroundit...他把固定的太阳放在太阳系的中心，别的行星都围绕太阳转动……with的复合结构在句中作状语。Withthelittleboyleading_the_way,_wefoundthehouseeasily.由于小男孩带路，我们很容易找到了这所房子。1．(教材P4)Lookatthesesimpleverbsandmakeanotherconstructionusingmake＋a＋noun.看这些简单动词并用“make＋a＋noun”构成另一个结构。constructionn．[U]建设；[C]建筑物constructvt.　　　　　　　　　　建设；修建(be)underconstruction＝(be)beingconstructed正在建设中①Mynextworkwastoconstructanestandanchoritinatree.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)我的下一步工作就是做一个鸟窝并把它固定在树上。②Thenewairportunderconstructionliesintheeastofthecity.＝Thenewairportbeing_constructed(construct)liesintheeastofthecity.正在修建的新机场位于该市的东部。2．contributevt.&vi.捐献；贡献；捐助(1)contributeto　　　　　　有助于；促使；导致contribute...to...向……捐献/捐赠……(2)contributionn.贡献；捐款makeacontribution/contributionsto(doing)sth.对……作出贡献①LocatedwheretheBeltmeetstheRoad,JiangsuwillcontributemoretotheBeltandRoadconstruction.(2017·江苏高考)位于“一带”和“一路”交汇处，江苏将会为“一带一路”的建设做出更大的贡献。n②Everyoneiswillingtocontributefoodandclothestothehomelesspeople.每个人都愿意为无家可归的人捐献食物和衣服。③Participatinginthecontestwillbeagoldenchanceformetoshowmydancingskillsandmakesomecontributions(contribute)totheclass.参加比赛对我来说是一次难得的展示我的舞蹈才能的好机会，并对班级作出贡献。[名师点津]　表示“引起；导致；有助于”的词语还有cause,leadto,resultin等。3．(教材P4)Apartfromtheconstructionmentionedabove,youhavealsolearnedthefollowingphrases.除了以上提到的结构，你也学过下面的词组。apartfrom除……之外；此外①Apartfrombeingfunandgoodexercise,swimmingisaveryusefulskill.游泳，除了有趣和锻炼身体之外，还是一项很有用的技能。②Apart_from_some_spelling_mistakes,_thecompositionisfairlygood.除了一些拼写错误，这篇文章写得很不错。[辨析比较]　apartfrom,besides,except,exceptforapartfrom既可以表示besides的含义，也可以表示except或exceptfor的含义besides“除了……之外还有……”，除去的东西包括在范围内，相当于inadditionto/aswellasexcept“除了……之外”，指从同类的人或物中排除exceptfor表示从整体情况来看，要排除其中的部分特殊情况用besides,except或exceptfor代替下列句中的apartfrom③WilltherebeanyoneelseweknowatthepartyapartfromWillandJanet？besides④Youcanhaveanyoneofthecakesapartfromthisone.except⑤Theroadwasemptyapartfromafewcars.except_for4．(教材P7)Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。makesense讲得通；有意义nmakenosense　　　　　　没道理；没意义makesenseof理解；弄懂inasense从某种意义上来说innosense决不；决非(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)①Thissentencehehasmadedoesn’tmakesense.＝Thissentencehehasmademakes_no_sense.他造的这个句子没有意义。②Wereadthroughthepoem,butcouldnotmake_sense_ofit.我们从头到尾读了一遍诗，但不明白它说些什么。③Innosenseshould_you_lose_heart;_keeptryingandyouwillmakeitsoonerorlater.你决不应该灰心丧气。继续尝试，你迟早会成功的。5．(教材P7)Hisfriendswereenthusiasticandencouragedhimtopublishhisideas,butCopernicuswascautious.他的朋友都热情地鼓励他把他的想法公之于世，而哥白尼却小心谨慎。enthusiasticadj.热情的；热心的(1)beenthusiasticabout　　　　　非常喜欢……beenthusiastictodosth.非常喜欢做某事(2)enthusiasmn.热情；热心enthusiasticallyadv.热情地；热心地①I’msureitwillappealtoyou,foryou’vebeenenthusiasticaboutsports.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我确信它会吸引你，因为你一直热衷于体育运动。②She’sveryenthusiasticto_read(read)thenovelswrittenbyMoYan.她非常喜欢读莫言写的小说。③Althoughshe’sabeginner,sheplayedwithgreatenthusiasm(enthusiastic)．虽然她是个新手，但演奏时却充满了激情。cautiousadj.小心的；谨慎的；细心的n(1)becautiousof/about(doing)sth.　谨防/谨慎……(2)cautionn.细心；谨慎withcaution＝cautiouslyadv.仔细地；谨慎地①Heisusuallycautiousabouthiswork.他通常对他的工作持谨慎态度。②Youshouldcrossabusystreetwithcaution.＝Youshouldcrossabusystreetcautiously(cautious)．穿过一条繁忙的马路时要小心谨慎。6．(教材P7)TheChristianChurchrejectedhistheory,sayingitwasagainstGod’sideaandpeoplewhosupporteditwouldbeattacked.基督教教会拒绝接受他的理论，说这种理论违背了上帝的旨意，而任何支持这一理论的人都将受到打击。rejectvt.拒绝(雇用、录取等)；不接受(提议、建议等)；抛弃；(因质量不好而)废弃写出下列句中reject的含义①Theyrejectedhisapplicationformembership.拒绝②Itishardformetorejectreligiousbeliefs.抛弃③Herejectedthesuggestionshisfriendshadgiven.不接受[辨析比较]　reject,refusereject常用于正式场合，后面常接名词，不接不定式refuse普通用词，后接双宾语、名词或不定式，不接不定式的复合宾语和宾语从句④Hekeptsilentandrefusedtoanswermyquestion.⑤IhavebeenrejectedbyalltheuniversitiesIappliedto.1．Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。only放在句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词短语或状语从句等)时，句子需要部分倒装，即把助动词、情态动词或系动词be放在主语之前。①Onlyifyoutakemoreexercisewillyoubeabletokeepfit.只有多锻炼，你才能保持身体健康。②Only_recently_have_Ihadtimetoreadthebook.n直到最近我才有时间读这本书。③Onlyinthiswaycan_we_make_a_great_contribution/great_contributionstoourfamilyandoursociety.(2015·重庆高考写作)只有用这种方法我们才能为我们的家庭和社会做出巨大贡献。[名师点津]　如果only修饰的不是状语，即使放在句首主句也不倒装。④Onlythosewhoacceptthisrealitycanleadareallyfulllife.只有那些接受这个现实的人才能过上真正丰富的生活。2．Heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingroundit...他把固定的太阳放在太阳系的中心，别的行星都围绕太阳转动……withtheplanetsgoingroundit是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，在句中作状语，表示原因、条件、伴随等。此外，此结构还可作后置定语。①Withthemealover,weallwenthome.吃完饭后，我们都回家了。②Withalotofdifficultproblemsto_settle(settle),thenewmanagerworksfarintothenighteveryday.由于有很多难题要解决，新经理每天工作到深夜。③Withhismotherhelping(help)him,heisgettingalongwellwithhiswork.在妈妈的帮助下，他的工作进展良好。④Withthekeylost(lose),hehadtowaitforhismotheroutsidethedoor.钥匙丢了，他不得不在门外等妈妈。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Marywas_rejected(reject)bythecompanysheappliedtolastyear.2．Apartfromitslowprice,theadvantageofthiscarliesinitsgoodquality.3．Hehasmadeanimportantcontribution(contribute)tothecompany’ssuccess.4．Weexplainedourplansandhewasveryenthusiastic(enthusiasm)aboutnthem.5．I’vealwaysbeenverycautiousabout/ofgivingmyaddressandtelephonenumbertostrangers.6．Withalotofhomeworkto_finish(finish),Ican’tgoskatingwithyou.7．Wemustbestrictwithourstudentswhileweshouldgivethemloveandcareaswell.Ⅱ.补全句子1．Wecontributed_a_lot_of_money_totheearthquakefundlastyear.去年我们向地震基金会捐赠了很多钱。2．Canyoumake_sense_ofwhattheforeignersaidjustnow?你能理解这位外国人刚才说的话吗？3．Only_if_you_study_hard_will_youpassthefinalexamination.只有努力学习，你才能通过期末考试。4．Helayonthegrasswithhis_eyes_looking_at_the_sky.他躺在草地上，眼望天空。5．Allthestaffare_enthusiastic_abouttheprojectwhichwillbenefitthemgreatly.所有员工都很热衷于这个会给他们带来巨大利益的项目。6．Thenewsuspensionbridgedesignedbythefamousarchitectisunder_construction/being_constructednow.这位著名的建筑师设计的新悬浮桥正在建设之中。一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高[本课语言点针对练习]Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Thesearethepeoplethathavecontributed(贡献)moretothedevelopmentoftheInternet.2．(2016·江苏高考)Moreover,widerandbettersocialbenefitscanbereachedwiththepositive(积极的)socialimagesbuilt.3．Becautious(小心的)whenclimbingthemountain.4．Hewasrejected(拒绝)byalltheemployersandhefeltquiteupset.5．Hisgrandmotherusedtomakealivingbyspinning(纺)thread.6．Hewalkedbackward(向后)beforeturningandranaway.n7．Constructing(建造)thenewbuildingcosthimgreatmoneyandenergy.8．Theaudiencewasenthusiastic(热情的)ontheopeningnightoftheplay.9．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Boththehandmovements(运动)andtheveryideaofcommunicatingwithoutspeakingattractedme.10．Ascanbeseenfromthechart(图表),moreandmorepeopleownmobilephonesinChinanow.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Gettingupearlywillcontributetoimproveyourhealth.improve→improving2．Readthisandtellmeifitmakesasense.去掉a3．IexpectedtoseeLangLangattheconcertbuthedidnotturnup.I后加had4．Withalltheworkfinish,theyhurriedbackhomeforlunch.finish→finished5．Thebridgeundertheconstructionwillbeopentopublicnextyear.去掉the6．Hewasverystrictinhimselfwhenhewasyoung.in→with7．Aparthisnose,heisgoodlooking.Apart后加from8．Hesaidthathehadrejectedbyhisidealuniversity.had后加beenⅢ.选词填空reject，with，contribute...to...，withcaution，onlyif，makesense，bestrictwith，underconstruction，apartfrom，beenthusiasticabout1．Apart_frombeinganexpertonDNA,ProfessorWangisalsocarryingoutresearchonmedicine.2．Ifyouareateacher,youshouldbe_strict_witheverystudent.3．Mostofthefactoriesunder_constructionhavebeendesignedbyChineseengineers.4．Thoughtoooldtoworkmuch,theretiredworkeris_enthusiastic_aboutneighborhoodaffairs.5．Hethoughthewouldbe_rejectedfromthefactorybecauseofpoorhealth.6．MyfathercontributedalotofbookstotheHopeProject.7．Only_ifIgetajobwillIhaveenoughmoneytogotoschool.8．Weliveinahousewithmanyflowersaroundit.9．Itmakes_sensetotakecareofyourhealth,foritisthemostimportant.10．Theoldmansteppeddownthestairswith_caution.[本单元语言点温故练习]nⅠ.单句语法填空1．Toher,moneyspent(spend)ismorethanmoneyearned(earn)．2．Oncethefallcomes,therewillbemanyfallen(fall)leavesinthewood.3．Absorbed(absorb)inhisstudy,Tomsimplyforgotfoodandsleep.4．Heisapleasantfellowto_work(work)with.5.Everyonepresentwasamused(amuse)atthestorytold(tell)bytheyoungman.6.Theylookeddisappointed(disappoint)onhearingtheresultofthegame.7.Weallbecameinspiredbyhisinspiringlifestory.(inspire)8．Regularairtrafficlinksthecitytotherestofthecountry.Ⅱ.补全句子1．Heconcluded_his_speech_withafamoussaying:“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”他以一句名言“有志者，事竟成”结束他的演讲。2．Thereasonwhy_he_did_not_attend_the_meetingyesterdaywasthathewasill.昨天他没有参加会议的原因是他生病了。3．Thestudenthas_been_exposed_to_Englishforsomesixyears.这个学生接触英语六年左右了。4．Ihopethedoctorcancure_me_of_my_disease.我希望医生能治好我的病。5．Heistooyoung,sotodealwiththeproblemis_a_real_challenge_for_him.他太年轻了，因此处理这个问题对他来说是一项真正的挑战。6．Nooneknowswhois_to_blame_forthefire.没人知道谁该为火灾负责任。7．It_was_announced_thatthePrimeMinisterwouldspeakontelevisionthatevening.据通告，首相将于当晚发表电视讲话。8．Thereisnodoubtthatneither_computers_nor_robotscantaketheplaceofhumanbeingscompletely.毫无疑问，电脑和机器人都不能完全代替人类。二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧Ⅰ.阅读理解BerthavonSuttnerreceivedtheNobelPeacePrizein1905—shewasthefirstwomantoreceiveit,andalsotheinspirationforthecreationoftheNobelPrize.nShemetAlfredNobel,arichmillionaire,byansweringhisnewspaperadforasecretary.Althoughsheonlyworkedforhimforafewweeks,sheremainedgoodfriendswithAlfredNobelforthenext20years.WhenshebecameinvolvedinthepeacemovementinEurope,shepromisedtokeepNobelinformedofitsprogress.WhenAlfredNobeldiedin1896,hiswillincludedtheestablishmentofapeaceprize,thankstoBerthavonSuttner’sinfluence.BerthavonSuttnerwasborninanaristocratic(贵族的)militaryfamily,butshespentthesecondhalfofherlifeworkingforpeace.Shewrotebooks,attendedpeaceconferences,gavelecturesandhelpedorganizepeacesocietiesinAustria,GermanyandHungary,aswellastheInternationalPeaceBureauinSwitzerland.Hernovel,LayDownYourArms,wasoneofthemostinfluentialantiwarbooksofalltime,andhelpedtomakeheraleaderofthepeacemovementinEurope.Itsendtowarthemewasboththeambition(抱负)andthemostimportantgoalinthelifeofthisgreatwoman.BerthavonSuttnerworkedsohardforpeacebecauseshebelievedthataterriblewarwouldbreakoutinEuropeifnationsdidn’tworkhardtoestablishlastingpeaceinstitutions.Shemademanymajorachievementsforamorepeacefulworld,buttwomonthsaftershedied,WorldWarIbrokeout.AhundredyearsaftershewontheNobelPeacePrize,nationsstillseemtoviewwarasachoicetoworkouttheirproblems.ButlikeBerthavonSuttnerdid,manytodayareworkinghardaroundtheworldtohelpstrengthenpeaceinstitutionsandspreadtheideathatit’stimetoputanendtowar.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了第一位女性诺贝尔和平奖获得者BerthavonSuttner。1．BerthavonSuttner________.A．workedforAlfredNobelfor20yearsB．helpedAlfredNobeldrawuphiswillC．persuadedAlfredNobeltojointhepeacemovementD．inspiredAlfredNobeltoestablishtheNobelPeacePrize解析：选D　细节理解题。由第一段中的“alsotheinspirationforthecreationoftheNobelPrize”和第二段中的“hiswillincludedtheestablishmentofapeaceprize,thankstoBerthavonSuttner’sinfluence”可知，诺贝尔在他的遗嘱中指明设立诺贝尔和平奖主要是受到BerthavonSuttner的影响。n2．Paragraph3ismainlyaboutBerthavonSuttner’s______.A．effortsandcontributionstothepeacemovementB．familybackgroundandworkexperiencesC．writingcareerandlifeexperiencesD．ambitionandgoalsinlife解析：选A　段落大意题。由第三段中的“wrotebooks,attendedpeaceconferences,gavelecturesandhelpedorganizepeacesocieties”和“themostinfluentialantiwarbooks”以及“aleaderofthepeacemovementinEurope”可知，本段主要讲述了BerthavonSuttner为和平运动所做出的努力和贡献。3．WhatdoweknowaboutLayDownYourArms?A．Itwasbasedonatruestory.B．ItrecordedBerthavonSuttner’sdailylife.C．Itwasaboutanaristocraticmilitaryfamily.D．ItshowedBerthavonSuttner’swishforpeace.解析：选D　推理判断题。由第三段中的“antiwarbooks”和“Itsendtowarthemewasboththeambition(抱负)andthemostimportantgoalinthelifeofthisgreatwoman”可知，《放下武器》这部小说反映了BerthavonSuttner对世界和平的渴望。4．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．BerthavonSuttner’sfightforpeaceisstillsharedbymany.B．BerthavonSuttnerfailedtofoundpeaceinstitutions.C．BerthavonSuttnersuccessfullypredictedawar.D．BerthavonSuttnerlostherlifeinWorldWarⅠ.解析：选A　推理判断题。由最后一段中的最后一句可知，今天很多人依然在努力帮助实现世界和平、传播结束战争的思想。Ⅱ.语法填空Ineverthoughtthatalittlehelpwouldturnouttobethemostsatisfyingthinginmylife.Ioncemetayoungman__1__seemedtiredandinpainonmywayhome.Withasmile,heasked__2__Icouldlendhimsomemoney.Hewasparalyzed(瘫痪的)inbothlegsandwasraisingmoneyforan__3__(operate).Actually,Iwasfull__4__doubtsaseverydaymanypeopleplaysuchtricks(诡计)__5__(get)money.Ievenaskedhimtoshowmehislegs.ThenIgavehimsomemoneyandleft.Afterafewdays,heagainarrivedatmydoorstepaskingformoremoney.ThistimeIwas__6__(entire)convincedhewascheatingme.IstillgavehimsomemoneyandsaiditwasallIhad.nYearslater,onedayIgot__7__callfromanunknownnumber.ThemantoldmehisnamebutIdidn’trecognizehim.Hesaid,“Itisbecauseofyourhelp__8__I’mnowabletostandonmylegsandhaveagoodjob.”Whathesaidnextmademe__9__(surprise).Hesaidhewantedtoreturnmymoney__10__Iwouldn’tfeelcheatedandwouldcontinuetohelppeopleinneedinthefuture.语篇解读：作者虽感觉好像被骗，但仍旧两次借钱给一位残疾的年轻人，来帮助他。后来，年轻人还钱给作者，打消作者被骗的感觉，以便于让作者继续帮助需要帮助的人。1.who/that　设空处引导定语从句，指代先行词man，且在从句中作主语，故填who/that。2．whether/if　由语境可知，设空处所在句句意是“他问我能否借给他一些钱”，故填whether/if。3．operation　由an可知，设空处应填名词operation(手术)。4．of　befullof意为“充满……”。5．toget　许多人玩诡计的目的是为了得到钱，故填toget。6．entirely　设空处修饰convinced，意为“完全地”，故填副词entirely。7．a　call作“打电话”讲，是可数名词，且在此表泛指，故填a。8．that　设空处所在句是强调句，强调becauseofyourhelp，故填that。9．surprised　设空处作宾语补足语，说明me的状态，故填形容词surprised(感到惊讶的)。10．so　他还钱的目的是让我感到没有受骗，故用so引导目的状语从句。