2019高中英语unit5enjoyingnovelssectionⅰwarmingup 27页

Unit5EnjoyingnovelsJaneAusten(1775～1817)ShewasborninaSteventon，Hampshire，whereherfatherwasarector.Shewasthesixthchildinafamilyofeight.Sheneverreceivedformaleducationbutonlyhadbeensenttoaboardingschoolwithhersisterattheageof9.HereldersisterCassandrawasherbestfriendinherlife，whereasherfoundationeducationwasmoreattributedtoherfather.Austenwasfondofreadingandwriting，andhadbeguntotakewritingasjoysinceshewas11or12.Herheroinesaredeterminedtomarrywiselyandwell.VirginiaWolfcalledher“themostperfectartistamongwomen.”TheBrontesTheBrontes，Charlotte，EmilyandAnnelivedmostoftheirlifeinanisolatedparsonageinYorkshire.Fromthesequietsurroundingsthethreesistersspunpassionate，romanticnovelsofpowerfulemotionalenergythatarestillpopulartoday.TheybeganwritingunderthepennamesofCuter，Ellis，andActonBell，andaftertheirworkonpublishingpoemsfailed，theybeganworkingonnovels.Charlottewastheonlyoneofthethreetobecomeasuccessfulnovelistinherownlifetime.Herfamousworks：JaneEyre.EmilyBronte，perhapsthegreatestwriterofthethreesisters，publishedonlyonenovel，WutheringHeights(1847)，astoryofthedoomedloveandrevenge.Thenoveldidn’tgainimmediatesuccessasCharlotte’sJaneEyre.ButithasacclaimedlaterfameasoneofthemostintensenovelswrittenintheEnglishlanguage.nTrue(T)orFalse(F)1．JaneAustenreceivedformaleducationwhenshewasyoung.(　　)2．JaneAustenwascalled“themostperfectwomanartist”becausethattheheroinesinherbookswasdeterminedtomarrywiselyandwell.(　　)3．TheBronteswereallfamousfortheirnovels.(　　)答案：1.F　2.T　3.TSection_ⅠWarming_Up_&_ReadingⅠ.高频单词点击1．literary_(adj.)文学的→literature(n.)文学，文学作品2．genre_(n.)类型，体裁3．recount(n.&v.)叙述，描述4．consensus(n.)共识；共同意见5．equality(n.)同等；平等→equal(adj.)相等的；平等的(v.)等于6．twist(n.)扭曲；歪曲(vt.&vi.)拧；缠绕；扭曲→twisty(adj.)扭曲的7．contradiction(n.)反驳；矛盾→contradictory(adj.)相矛盾的；相抵触的8．limitation(n.)限制；局限性→limit(n.&v.)限制；限定→limited(adj.)有限的；受限的9．heroine(n.)女英雄；女主人公→hero(n.)男英雄，男主人公10．obstacle(n.)障碍；阻碍11．ironic(adj.)具有讽刺意味的；讽刺的→irony(n.)讽刺→ironical(adj.)讽刺的，用反语的12．deception(n.)欺骗；诡计→deceive(v.)欺骗13．explicit(adj.)直率的；明确的；清楚的→explicitly(adv.)清楚地；明白地→explicitness(n.)清楚；明白14．hail(vt.)向……欢呼；大声招呼；呼喊15．revelation(n.)启示；揭示→reveal(v.)揭露；启示16．premier(adj.)第一的；首要的(n.)总理；首相n17．ambiguous(adj.)含糊的；模糊的→ambiguously(adv.)暧昧地；不明确地→ambiguousness(n.)暧昧；含糊18．concession(n.)让步；让于某人之物19．injustice(n.)不公平；非正义→unjust(adj.)不公平的；非正义的20．eccentric(adj.)古怪的(n.)怪人→eccentrically(adv.)古怪地；反常地Ⅱ.重点短语必记1．inforce　　　　　　　有效的；在实施中2．getround顺利应付；克服3．underthenameof...用……的名字，在……的名字下4．seethrough看穿；识破5．struggleagainst与……作斗争6．standout杰出Ⅲ.常用句型必备1．Canyoubelievethatthereusedtobeaconsensusinsocietythatopposedthewritingofnovelsbyauthoresses?2．Clearlythisrestrictionmust_have_operatedatatimewhentherewasnoequalityofopportunityforwomen.3．Itismakingfunofthosemotherswhoseonlywishistomarrytheirdaughterswell.4．These_women_having_produced_works_of_the_highest_quality，anysurveyofthe19thcenturyEnglishliteraturemustincludethem.Ⅳ.课文大意理解1．Whichiswrongaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A．Therewasnoequalityofopportunityforwomeninthe19thcentury.B．Thediscriminationofthiskindwasnotinforceforaverylongtime.C．Therewasatwisttothisconsensus.D．Inacontradiction，therewerefiveauthoressesgettingroundthisban.答案：B2．JaneAusten’snovelsmainlydealwith________.A．theproblemsandlimitationsofwomen’schoicesB．revealingthewomen’sinnerfeelingsC．themorallyambiguousconcessionsD．thehardshipsofpoorpeople答案：An3．Howmanyauthoressesarereferredinthispassage?A．Three.　　　　　　　　　B．Four.C．Five.D．Six.答案：C4．WhydidMaryAnnEvansusethenameofGeorgeEliottopublishherworks?A．BecauseshelikedthenameofGeorgeEliot.B．BecauseherbookcouldbesoldwellunderthenameofGeorgeEliot.C．Becausethepublishhouseaskedhertousethename.D．Becauseitishopelesstopublishnovelsundertheirownnames.答案：D5．Whatisthepurposeofthewriter?A．Totellussomewritersandsomeworksoftheirs.B．Toarousethereaders’sympathytothesewriters.C．Toletusknowthesocialbackgroundofthatsociety.D．TotellusnottoreadanyEnglishnovelsofthatperiod.答案：AⅤ.课文缩写填空There__1__tobeaconsensusinsocietythatopposedthewritingofnovelsbyauthoresses.__2__sothereisanothertwisttothisstory.Inastrange__3__，thisperiodproducedfiveofthemostcourageousandgiftedauthoresseswhogot__4__thisban.JaneAustenwasthefirstofthesegreatwomenwriters.Hernovelsdealwiththeproblemsand__5__ofwomen’schoices.CharlotteBrontёwasthemostfamousofthethreeBrontёsisters.Hernovelsdescribedwomen__6__againsttheirrestrictedrolesinsociety.JaneEyrewasa__7__afterthemorereservedfeelingsexpressedinJaneAusten’snovels.GeorgeEliot’snovelsexaminedthemorally__8__concessionspeoplemakeintheirlivesinordertosucceed.Amongsomeexcellentmaleauthors，CharlesDickens__9__outasaliterarycriticoftheinjusticesofhissociety.Hisnovelsdescribethehardshipsofpoorpeoplewhodidnot__10__moneyorasponsortosmooththeirpath.答案：1.used　2.Even　3.contradiction　4.round　5.limitations　6.struggling　7.revelation　8.ambiguous　9.stands　10.possess[单词点击]n1．literaryadj.文学的；从事写作的AhQisaliteraryfigure.阿Q是一个文学形象。Ourprofessorisaliteraryauthority.我们的教授是一位文学权威。literaturen．　　文学；文学作品；文献，著作literallyadv.字面上，按字面，逐字地；真正地Newspapersarenotliterature；youusuallyreadthemonlyonce.报纸不是文学作品，你通常看一遍就不再看了。　　(1)Dickens’ATaleofTwoCitiesisaliteraryclassic.________________________________________________________________________(2)他热衷于中国古典文学。________________________________________________________________________答案：(1)狄更斯的《双城记》是文学名著。(2)HeiscrazyaboutChineseclassicalliterature.2．recount(1)n.[C]叙述；描述；重新计算Hisrecountoftheaccidentisnotaccurate.他对那次事故的叙述不准确。Thedefeatedpresidentcandidatedemandedarecountofthevotes.被击败的总统候选人要求重新计算选票。(2)vt.详述，叙述；重新计算HerecountedtousallhisexperiencesofadventuretotheSouthPole.他给我们详细讲述了他到南极探险的所有经历。Let’srecounttheducksandmakesuretheyareallhere.我们再来重新数一下鸭子以保证没有丢失。recountsth.(tosb.)　　　　(向某人)讲故事recountthatclause讲述……Herecountedhisexperiencestothepupils.他向学生讲述自己的经历。recount，describe(1)recount作描述讲时强调“详细讲”，重在讲发生过的事情或把讲过的事再讲一遍。另外，它还有“重新计算”之意。nHerecountedallthehappeningsoftheday.他详细叙述那天发生的一切事情。(2)describe是描述，描写，描绘，多指描绘“物”的外形特征。Couldyoudescribeyourhandbag?您能描绘一下您的包吗？　　(1)She________(讲述了)heradventurestothatsmallisland.(2)Canyou________(描述)yourbaggageindetail?答案：(1)recounted　(2)describe3.consensusn．共识；共同意见Thereisagrowingconsensusofopiniononthisissue.对这个问题的看法日趋一致。reachaconsensuson在……方面达成共识Thetwopartieshavereachedaconsensusonanewnationalpensionssystem.这两个政党就新的养老金制度达成了一致意见。Thegovernmentisalsoundertakingimportanteducationalworkbasedonthe________ofthemembersthatthebestformofconservationisthepreventionofdamage.A．consequence　　　　　　　B．senseC．sceneD．consensus解析：选D　句意：政府也正在各方形成共识的基础上开展工作，那就是保留预防破坏这一最佳方式。4.equalityn．平等；【数】相等，等式Womenarestillstrugglingfortrueequalitywithmen.妇女仍在争取与男人真正平等。Today，wearegoingtolearnequalityandinequality.今天我们将学习等式与不等式。beonanequality(with)　　　与……平等equaladj.平等的beequalto与……相等；胜任Allmenareequalbeforethelaw.法律面前人人平等。LetthelineABbeequaltothelineCD.n设AB等于CD。BillandBobsharedthework________betweenthem.A．equallyB．equalC．equalityD．equaling解析：选A　句意：比尔和鲍勃两人把工作平分了。equally同等地，相等地。5．twist(1)n.拧，扭曲；弯曲；转折Withaviolenttwist，hewrenchedoffthehandle.他猛力一拧，将那把手拧了下来。There’sanunusualtwisttotheplotattheendofthebook.在这本书的末尾，情节发生了不寻常的转折。(2)vt.拧；搓；缠绕Shetwistedthelongscarfroundherhead.她把那条长围巾围在头上。　　(1)Thestoryhasastrangetwistinchapter15.________________________________________________________________________(2)Hefellandtwistedhisankle.________________________________________________________________________答案：(1)故事情节在第15章出现了转折。(2)他摔了一跤，扭伤了脚踝。6．contradictionn．矛盾，不一致；否认，反驳Todenycontradictionistodenyeverything.否认事物的矛盾，就是否认了一切。incontradictionwith　与……相抵触incontradictionto反之，与……相反，同……矛盾contradictoryadj.互相矛盾的；抵触的；反驳的contradictvt.反驳；否认；相矛盾Isitacontradictiontoloveanimalsandyetwearfurs?又爱护动物又穿皮毛服装是矛盾的吗？Whatacontradictorytheory！多么矛盾的理论呀！Thetwostatementscontradicteachother.n这两种说法互相矛盾。　　你今天的声明与你昨天所说的话相互矛盾。________________________________________________________________________答案：Yourstatementstodayareincontradictionwith/towhatyousaidyesterday.7．limitation(1)n.[C]限制；限度，局限；局限性，不足之处，不利之处Oneshouldrealizeone’slimitations.一个人应该明白自己的不足之处。(2)n.[U]限制(指限制的动作或过程)Ageisnolimitationtothiskindofjob.做这种工作没有年龄限制。limit，limitation(1)limit作名词时表示界限，界线，极限，限量。指最大限量的点，线，量等，具体一些。Ourlifehasalimit，butknowledgeiswithoutlimit.生命有限，知识无涯。(2)limitation表示抽象的概念，限制，局限。Weshallcontinuetoworkforthelimitationofnucleararms.我们将继续为限制核武器而努力。　　Darwinismalsohasit’sownhistoricalandscientificlimitation.________________________________________________________________________答案：达尔文主义也有它自身的历史和科学局限性。8．obstaclen．障碍，障碍物，妨碍，阻碍Wemustremoveobstaclesfromourpath.我们必须移开我们路上的障碍物。obstacleto　　　　　……的障碍Youshouldovercomeallobstaclestoyourstudy.你应该克服学习上的一切障碍。Alackofqualificationscanbeamajor________tofindingajob.nA．limitationB．stopC．obstacleD．restrict解析：选C　句意：学历不足可能成为谋职的主要障碍。obstacle障碍，阻碍。9．ironic＝ironicaladj.反语的；讽刺的；有讽刺意味的Whatanironiccartoonitis!多么具有讽刺意味的一幅漫画呀！CanyouappreciateironicartsofLuXunandKafka?你能欣赏鲁迅和卡夫卡的讽刺艺术吗？ironyn．　　　　　反讽，讽刺，讽刺之事ironicallyadv.讽刺地；嘲讽地Herapologywasshotwithirony.她的道歉中夹杂着讽刺。Andyet，ironically，weneedourfriendsasmuchaseverinadulthood.然而有讽刺意义的是，我们在成年时和儿童时代一样需要友谊。TheNewYorkeriswellknownforpublishingoutstandingshortfictionandcartoonswithan________twist.A．ironlyB．ironicC．ironicallyD．iron解析：选B　句意：这位纽约人以出版带有扭曲的讽刺意味的杰出短篇小说和漫画而闻名。ironic讽刺的，有讽刺意味的。10．deception(1)n.[U]欺骗Heoftenpractisesdeceptiononhisrelatives.他经常欺骗他的亲戚。(2)n.[C]诡计Yourdeceptionwon’tfoolus.你的诡计愚弄不了我们。deceivev．　　　欺骗，哄骗，行骗Itisnouseyourtryingtodeceiveme.你别想欺骗我。　　她没有勇气承认她的欺骗行为。________________________________________________________________________答案：Shedidn’thavethecouragetoadmitherdeception.n11．explicitadj.直率的；明确的；清楚的Theywereexplicitintheircriticism.他们直截了当地表达了他们的批评。Thedoctorgavemeexplicitinstructionsonwhenandhowtotakethemedicine.大夫详细地告诉我该何时服药以及如何服药。tobeexplicitaboutsth.对某事直言不讳；对某事态度鲜明反义词implicit＝暗示的，含蓄的，固有的Shewasquiteexplicitaboutwhysheleft.她对自己离去的原因直言不讳。Hersilencegaveimplicitconsent.她的沉默表示默许。　　(1)Weshouldhavesome________________________(明确的学习目标)inashorttime.(2)Hegaveme________________(详细的指导)onhowtooperatethehouseholdrobot.答案：(1)explicitlearningaims　(2)explicitdirections12．hail(1)n.冰雹，致敬，招呼Wedrovethroughhailandsnow.我们顶着冰雹和大雪开车。Iwaitforyourhail.我等你招呼我。(2)v.向……欢呼，致敬，招呼Wehailedherasourheroine.我们拥护她为我们的女英雄。Anoldfriendhailedmefromtheothersideofthestreet.一个老朋友从街的对面给我打招呼。Let’shailataxi，shallwe？咱们叫辆出租车好吗？ahailof...　　　　(冰雹般的)一阵hailfrom...来自……hailto...向……致敬hail...as...热情地承认/拥护……为……Therewasahailofapplausewhenthespeakersteppedontotheplatform.演讲人走上讲台时爆发出一阵掌声。HehailsfromShanghai.他来自上海。nHailtothePresident！向总统致敬！(总统万岁！)　　Lang’sfirstfilmwasimmediatelyhailedasamasterpiece.________________________________________________________________________答案：朗的第一部电影立即成了他的代表作。13．revelationn．揭露，泄露，发觉，展示，启示，揭示，表白Therevelationofhispastscandalledtohisresignation.对他过去丑闻的揭露导致了他的辞职。ThenovelJaneEyreisapsychologicalrevelationtoeveryone.小说《简·爱》对每一个人来说都是一部心理启示录。revealvt.　泄露；显露；揭露，揭发；显示出；展现出Sherefusedtorevealheridentity.她拒绝透露自己的身份。　(1)Ipromisedneverto________hissecret.(2)Mycomputermonitorhasahigh________.答案：(1)reveal　(2)revelation14．ambiguousadj.含糊的；模糊的Thisisanambiguoussentence.这是一个含意不清的句子。Yourstatementofpurposeisambiguous，sowedon’tunderstandwhatyouintendtodo.你的目的陈述得不够清楚，因此我们不明白你想干什么。vague，ambiguous(1)vagueadj.含混的，不清楚的，多用于比喻意义，用来表示因逻辑关系不清、言辞笼统而导致的意义不清楚，也可表示轮廓形状的不清楚和模糊。SheissovaguethatIcanneverunderstandwhatsheistryingtosay.她说话含含糊糊，我怎么也听不明白她想说些什么。(2)ambiguousadj.意义含糊的，有歧义的，指因字、词、句有歧义而使人感到模糊不清、难以理解和把握。Hisambiguousdirectionsconfusedus；wedidnotknowwhichofthetworoadstotake.他的模棱两可的指导使我们很迷惑以至于我们不知道该走哪条路了。nJaneisnothonestandtendstohideheropinion.Shewouldgiveyoua(n)________suggestionaboutit.A．clearB．ambiguousC．straightforwardD．explicit解析：选B　clear“清楚的”，ambiguous“含糊的”，straightforward“坦率的；直截了当的”，explicit“明确的，清楚的”。句意为：简不诚实，容易隐瞒她的想法。对这事，她可能会给你一个含糊的建议。15．concessionn．让步，让于某人之物；承认，特许Wewillmakesomeconcessioninprice.我们将在价格上做些让步。Thematterwassettledbecausetheymademutualconcessions.他们互相作了让步，事情因此解决了。Atlast，theircompanyobtainedtheminingconcession.他们的公司最终获得了采矿权。makeaconcessionto　　　对……让步Wewerenotgoingtomakeanyconcessionstohisunreasonabledemands.我们对他的不合理的要求不准备做出任何让步。　　Employersmadeconcessionstotheworkersinnegotiations.________________________________________________________________________答案：雇主们在谈判上对工人做了让步。16．injusticen．不公平，非正义(反义词justice)Wemustfightagainstinjustice.我们必须维护正义。Withjusticeonyourside，youcangoanywhere；withoutit，youcan’ttakeastep.有理走遍天下，无理寸步难行。dosb.aninjustice　　　使某人受屈，冤枉某人unjustadj.不公平的justicen.正义，公平Thesystemiscorruptandunjust.这个体制腐败而无意义。　　Heisboldenoughtoattacksocialinjustices.n________________________________________________________________________答案：他敢于抨击社会上的不公正现象。17．eccentric(1)n.怪人，行为古怪的人Theoldladyisabitofaneccentric.这位老太太是个有点古怪的人。(2)adj.(人、行为、举止等)古怪的，反常的Myuncleisaneccentricperson.我的舅舅是个古怪的人。Ican’tgetonwellwithhim，becauseheiseccentric.我不能和他友好相处，因为他很古怪。strange，eccentric，odd(1)strange词义最广。指非一般的、不平常的、费解的或与预期不同的，还强调陌生，不熟悉。Withsomanystrangefacesaroundher，shefeltabitnervous.身边尽是陌生的面孔，她感到有点紧张。(2)eccentric指行为偏离常规，特别是显得古怪或可笑。You’llbeconsideredeccentricifyougotothebanquetinyourtennisshoes.如果穿着网球鞋去参加宴会，别人会认为你很古怪。(3)odd强调有异于正常，表示不标准、不正规、不符合规律等，暗示这种奇异令人困惑不解。Einsteinwasconsideredanoddmanbytheneighbours’kids.邻居的孩子们认为爱因斯坦是个古怪的人。　(1)我的新邻居是个古怪的小说家。________________________________________________________________________答案：Mynewneighborisaneccentricnovelist.(2)Itseemssomewhat________toexpectanyonetodrive3hoursjustfora20minutemeeting.A．uniqueB．impossibleC．eccentricD．absurdn解析：选D　unique独特的；impossible不可能的；eccentric古怪的；absurd荒谬的。根据常识可以判断，开车从很远的地方赶来参加一个很短的会议很得不偿失，因此人们认为有点儿荒谬很正常。[短语精析]1．inforce有效的；在实施中；大规模地；大批地Thenewsafetyregulationsarenowinforce.新的安全规则现已生效。Onthedaytheschoolwasopenedtovisitors，andalltheparentsturnedoutinforce.学校对来访者开放的那一天，所有的家长成群地去了。put/carry/bringsth.intoforce　使……开始生效；实施comeintoforce开始生效byforce靠武力，强行Anewlawwillbebroughtintoforcenextyear.一项新法律将于明年开始实施。Whendothenewclassrulescomeintoforce?新的班规何时生效？Thepoliceseizedthatmurderbyforce.警察用武力抓住了那个杀人犯。　(1)InthehistoryofAmerica，peoplemovedtothewest_______________(强行)toopenitup.(2)Whenwillthenewregulations________________(实施，生效)?(3)Thenewagreementwillbe________________(有效)nextmonth.答案：(1)byforce　(2)beput/carried/broughtintoforce　(3)inforce2．getround(＝getaround)顺利应付；克服；传播出去；说服，劝说Let’strytogetroundthedifficulty.咱们设法克服困难。Howcanwegetroundthatregulation?我们如何能绕过那条规则呢？Donotlethimgetroundyou.不要让他说服你。getroundtosth./doingsth.　　　抽出时间做某事Ican’tfindtimetogetroundtothismatter.我腾不出时间来处理这件事。n(1)Hethinksheiscleverandhecan________thetaxlaws.A．getoutB．getdownC．getroundD．geton解析：选C　getout“出来”，getdown“下来”，getround“逃避”，geton“上车”。(2)ImeanttodotheironingthismorningbutIdidn’t________it.A．getaroundB．getroundtoC．sitaroundD．gotroundto解析：选B　句意：今天早晨我本打算熨衣服，可是我没时间。sitaround“闲坐”，getroundtosth.“处理，做某事”。3．underthenameof...在……的名字下，用……的名字SamuelClemenswrotealotofnovelsunderthenameofMarkTwain.塞缪尔·克莱门斯用马克·吐温的名字写了很多小说。nameafter　　以……的名字命名callone’sname(s)＝callonebyname(s)点名callsb.names辱骂某人；用各种难听的话骂(某人)Johnwasnamedafterhisuncle.约翰与他叔父同名。bythenameof，inthenameof(1)bythenameof的意思是“名叫……的”，通常放在句末作后置定语。DoyouknowapersonbythenameofMaggie?你认识一个叫Maggie的人吗？(2)inthenameof＝inone’sname的意思是“以……名义”，在句中通常作状语。Iarrestyouinthenameoflaw(inlaw’sname)．我以法律的名义逮捕你。Myfriend，________Johnson，alwayshasaprejudiceagainstthefashionshow.WhichisWRONG?A．namedB．bythenameofC．inthenameofD．whoiscalled解析：选C　本题要求选出“错误”的一项，从句子结构看，此处需要填一个状语成分，inthenameof以……的名义；其余选项均意为“名叫……的”。4．seethrough看穿；识破；帮助……渡过(困难等)；干到底，干完nIcanseethroughyou；don’tthinkyoucanfoolme.我能看透你，别以为你能愚弄我。Wewillseeyouthroughthedifficulty.我们会帮助你渡过难关。She’sdeterminedtoseethejobthrough.她决心把这项工作干到底。Icouldseehimthroughthewindow.我能透过窗户看见他。seesb.off　　　　为某人送行seetosth.负责，留意，照料Herauntwasattheairporttoseeheroff.她姑姑在机场为她送行。HepromisedmetoseetomypetwhenIwasaway.他答应我当我不在时照看我的宠物。Suspectingthetravelerofcarryingdrugs,theCustomsofficialstoppedhimand________hissuitcase,butfoundnothingatall.A．brokethroughB．wentthroughC．sawthroughD．gotthrough解析：选B　考查动词短语辨析。句意：因为怀疑旅行者携带毒品，海关官员让他停下来，仔细地检查他的箱子，结果一无所获。gothrough“搜遍；仔细地检查”，符合句意。5．struggleagainst(＝strugglewith)与……作斗争，和……斗争Hestruggledagainstcancerfortwoyears.他同癌症抗争了两年。Wehadtostrugglewith/againstallkindsofdifficulties.我们必须与各种困难作斗争。strugglefor...＝struggletodosth.为……而奋斗/努力/争取strugglewith/against...同……斗争Weshouldhelpthosewhoarestillstrugglingforliberation.我们应当帮助那些仍在为独立而斗争的人们。Johnstruggledtopassthefinalexam.约翰为通过期末考试而努力着。struggle，fightn(1)struggle奋斗，努力；打斗，此时可与fight换用；指“挣扎，奋力前进”只能用struggle。(2)fight打架，打斗；奋斗，指“战争，作战”只能用fight。Notallareadaptableinthe________oflife：somearesuccessfulandbecomethe“luckies”，andothersfailsandareswallowedbyit.A．fightB．struggleC．warD．movement解析：选B　句意：并非所有的人在一生的奋斗之中都能生存下来，一些人成功了便成了“幸运儿”，另一些失败了就要被埋没。fight打架，war战争，movement活动，struggle奋斗，努力。人与人之间是相互竞争的、不断奋斗努力向前的，所以选struggle。6．standout站出来，突出；坚持抵抗；显眼，引人注目Theystoodouttillvictory.他们坚持到胜利。Don’tstandoutthere：you’llgetwetthrough.你别站在外边，要不全身都要湿透了。standout(from/againststh.)显眼；突出standoutforsth.坚决要求standfor代表；主张；支持；容忍；忍受standby袖手旁观，无动于衷Thefivestarredflagstandsoutbrightlyagainstthebluesky.五星红旗在蓝天的衬托下显得分外鲜艳。Theywerestandingoutforhigherwages.他们坚持要增加工资。WhatdothelettersUNstandfor?字母UN代表什么？Wecannotstandbyandallowsuchathing.这样的事我们不能袖手旁观。(1)Sheisthesortofpersonwho________inacrowd.Youcanrecognizeheratfirstsight.A．standsforB．standsoutC．standsasideD．standsup解析：选B　句意，她是那种站在人群中特别显眼的人，你一眼就能认出她来。standout突出，显眼。n(2)Thenewroadsigniseasytoread，becausethewords________well.A．readoutB．lookoutC．figureoutD．standout解析：选D　readout读出来；lookout小心；figureout计算出；standout显眼，突出。句意：新路标容易辨认，因为上面的字很醒目。[句型归纳]1．Canyoubelievethatthereusedtobeaconsensusinsocietythatopposedthewritingofnovelsbyauthoresses?你能相信从前社会上存在着反对女子写小说的舆论吗？(1)句中含有两个that引导的从句。第一个从句是believe的宾语从句；第二个从句是先行词consensus的定语从句。Everyoneknowsthatasinglemanwithafortunemustbeinwantofawife.众所周知，凡是有财产的单身汉必须要娶一位太太。Galileoinsistedthattheearthmovesroundthesun.(宾语从句)伽俐略坚持地球绕太阳运行的说法。Thebagthatliesonthegroundishers.(定语从句)地上的那个包是她的。(2)thereusedtobe...是therebe句型的一种变式类似句型还有：Therehappenedtobenobodyintheroom.碰巧房间里没有人。Therearelikelytobemoredifficultiesthantheyhavebeenpreparedfor.他们可能会遇到比他们已经预想到的更大的困难。Thereseemstobenoneedtowaitlonger.似乎没有必要再等了。Theremustbesomethingwronghere.一定是哪个地方出了故障。Therelivesafamilyoffiveinthevillage.村子里住着一家五口人。TherestandstheMonumenttothePeople’sHeroesatthecenteroftheTian’anmenSquare.天安门广场正中心矗立着人民英雄纪念碑。Theregoesthebellfortheclass！上课铃响了！Thereisnodoubtthatheisqualifiedforthejob.n毫无疑问他适合这份工作。(1)Itistheeducation________hereceivedwhenstudyingabroad________hasmadehimsuchanexcellentmanager.A．that；thatB．which；whichC．that；whichD．where；that解析：选A　第一个空为that引导的定语从句，先行词为theeducation；第二个空为强调句型，被强调部分为theeducationthat...abroad。(2)Ihavefoundout________alltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout.A．whatB．whichC．thatD．where解析：选C　本题考查宾语从句。此处只少一个连词，并且这个连词无实在意义。只有that合适，其余三项均有意义。(3)________isnopossibility________Jackwillwinthefirstplaceinthecompetition.A．There；thatB．It；thatC．There；whetherD．It；whether解析：选A　本题考查therebe句型和that引导的同位语从句。从句子结构上看，possibility和Jackwillwinthefirstplaceinthecompetition指的是同一个意思。2．Clearlythisrestrictionmust_have_operatedatatimewhentherewasnoequalityofopportunityforwomen.很显然，这种限制在妇女没有平等权利的时期肯定会起作用的。musthaveoperated此处must表示推测，表示“肯定，一定”，must表推测是用于肯定句，若对现在和将来情况进行推测，用must＋动词原形；若对过去情况推测，则用must＋havedone。Lookathernewcar.Shemusthaveearnedalotofmoney.看她的新车。她一定赚了不少钱。情态动词must，could，might和can’t分别表示不同程度的推测(1)must表示说话人对事物的肯定的推测，用于肯定句中。四个词中must表示的可能性最大，意思是“一定；准是”。(2)can表示推测主要用于否定句和疑问句中。can’t表示有把握的否定推测，意思是“不可能”。can用在肯定句中时，常指理论上的可能性。(3)may，might，could这三个词都可以表示说话人对事物的推测，但可能性较小，意思是“有可能；也许”。might/could比may较为委婉和更加不肯定。maynot/mightnot/couldnnot表示不太有把握的否定推测，意思是“可能不会”。(4)表示“一定/可能正在做某事”用must/may/could/might＋be＋doingsth.；表示“一定不/不可能正在做某事”用can’t/maynot/mightnot/couldnot＋be＋doingsth.；表示对过去“一定/可能已经完成的事情”的推测用must/may/could/might＋havedonesth.。(5)mustn’t表示禁止，是“一定不要，不能，不应该”之意。Youcouldhavecome10minutesearlier.你本应该早来10分钟的。Hemightnothavesettledtheproblem.他可能尚未解决那个问题。Accidentscanhappenonsuchrainydays.这样的雨天可能会发生事故。(1)WhenIwasyoung，IwastoldthatI________playwithmatches.A．wouldn’tB．needn’tC．mustn’tD．couldn’t解析：选C　句意：小时候，我被告知一定不能玩火柴。mustn’t禁止。(2)Whatapity.Consideringhisabilityandexperience，he________better.A．needhavedoneB．musthavedoneC．canhavedoneD．mighthavedone解析：选D　本题考查虚拟语气的用法。表示对过去事实的推测，可能性较小，mighthavedone相当于couldhavedonesth.。(3)She________haveleftschool，forherbikeisstillhere.A．can’tB．wouldn’tC．shouldn’tD．needn’t解析：选A　该题考查情态动词表推测用法。句意：“她不可能离开学校了，因为她的车还在这儿。”本题为否定的推测，故正确答案应为A。3．Itismakingfunofthosemotherswhoseonlywishisto_marrytheirdaughterswell.这句话就是在调侃那些一心只想把女儿嫁个好人家的妈妈们。whose引导的定语从句为主系表结构，不定式tomarrytheirdaughterswell作表语。不定式用表语常表示具体的、特定的、将来的、或有待于实现的行为。动名词作表语常表示主语的内容，表示抽象的一般性的行为；不表示动作。Myworkthisafternoonisto_teach_you_English.n我今天下午的工作就是教你英语。(教英语是暂时的活)Myworkisteaching_English.我的工作是教英语。(教英语是我的职业)(1)WhatIwouldsuggestis________offthemeeting.A．putB．toputC．puttingD．tobeput解析：选B　句意：我要提的建议是推迟会议。题意表推迟会议是将来的事，所以要用不定式。(2)Whathelikeswas________awalkaftersupperwhenhewasinhisthirties.A．totakeB．takenC．takingD．takes解析：选C　句意：他30多岁时所喜欢的事就是晚饭后去散步。题意表明晚饭后散步是他经常的行为，所以要用动名词。4．AfterJaneAusten，authoressesfound_itanevenmorehopelesstaskto_publish_novelsundertheirownnames.在简·奥斯汀之后，女作家们发现用她们自己的名字发表小说更加无望。句中it是形式宾语，不定式“topublish...”是真正的宾语。“aneven...task”是宾语补足语。“founditaneven...task”是“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构。这一结构中的宾语补足语可以由现在分词、过去分词、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及不定式tobe等来充当。Youwillfindita_very_difficult_book.(名词)你会发现这是本很难懂得书。Theyouthfoundita_hard_problemtothinkabout.(名词)这个年轻人发现它是个很难思考的问题。Whenhecametohimself，hefoundhimselfsurroundedbyagroupofboys.(过去分词)当他苏醒时，他发现自己被一群男孩包围着。Ihopetofindyouin_better_spiritswhenwemeetagain.(介词短语)我希望我们再见面的时候你能有更好的精神状态。(1)WhenIfoundalltheguests________，Ibeganmyspeech.A．seatedB．takentheirseatsC．sittingdownD．seating解析：选A　该题考查的是find的复合结构，即find＋sb./sth.＋分词。本题中seated(坐好了)作宾语补足语。n(2)—Wedidn’tfindtheBlacks________thelecture.—Noonehadtoldhimabout________alecturethefollowingday.A．toattend；theretobeB．attending；therebeingC．attended；therebeD．attend；therewas解析：选B　第一空动词attend为及物动词，表主动，故attending现在分词为最佳选项；第二空介词about后应使用动名词形式therebeing。Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Theyr________whathadhappenedduringthoseyears.答案：recounted2．Thetwosideshavebeenmakinganattempttoreacha(n)c________thatTaiwanispartofChinA．答案：consensus3．Don’tyoubelieveine________betweenmenandwomen.答案：equality4．Thisfairytalehasasuddent________inthelastchapter.答案：twist5．Yourreplytodayisindirectc________towhatyousaidlastweek.答案：contradiction6．Thedoctorsaidtheoldman’sconditionwas________(无望的)．答案：hopeless7．Itis________(讽刺)thatshebecameateacher—sheusedtohateschool.答案：ironic8．Heisstudying________(文学)inBeijingUniversitynow.答案：literary9．Heknowshis________(短处)．答案：limitation10．The________(事实的披露)thathebribedthepoliceoncesurprisedpeople.答案：revelationⅡ.选词填空1．Franklyspeaking，yourfriendhasalready__________________you!n答案：seenthrough2．Hebookedanairticket________________Mr.Smith.答案：underthenameof3．I______________inagroupinterview.答案：standout4．Theoldrulesarestill______________.答案：inforce5．Peoplecansometimes______________thetaxlaws.答案：getround6．Theyhadto________________weatherandwildanimals.答案：struggleagainstⅢ.完成句子1．Canyoubelievethat__________________________(过去有)aconsensusinsocietythatopposedthewritingofnovelsbyauthoresses?答案：thereusedtobe2．Perhapsyouthinkthatdiscriminationofthiskindwasinforceaverylongtimeagobecause，________________(毕竟)，itisaveryoldfashionedideA．答案：afterall3．CharlesDickens________today________________(被认为)oneofthegreatwritersofthe19thcentury.答案：is；confirmedas4．ThethreeBrontёsisters________(采用)thispractice，MaryAnnEvensdidthesameandwroteunderthenameofGeorgeEliot.答案：adopting5．Thefirmwillbeforcedto________________(作出让步)ifitwantstoavoidastrike.答案：makeconcessionsⅣ.句型转换1．Perhapsyouthinkthatdiscriminationofthiskindwasinforceaverylongtimeago.Perhapsyouthinkthatdiscriminationofthiskindwas________averylongtimeago.答案：effective2．Sheproducedsixcompletednovels，allofwhichdealwiththeproblemsandnlimitationsofwomen’schoices.Sheproducedsixcompletednovels，allofwhich________________________theproblemsandlimitationsofwomen’schoices.答案：areconcernedwith3．Hehasbeenstrugglingagainstillnessformanyyears.Hehasbeen__________________illnessformanyyears.答案：strugglingwith4．Everyoneknowsthatasinglemanwithafortunemustbeinwantofawife.Everyoneknowsthatasinglemanwithafortunemustbe____________________awife.答案：inneedof5．Itismakingfunofthosemotherswhoseonlywishistomarrytheirdaughterswell.Itis________________thosemotherswhoseonlywishistomarrytheirdaughterswell.答案：laughingatⅤ.单项填空1．Mysister，aninexperiencedrider，wasfoundsittingonthebicycle________tobalanceit.A．havingtried　　　　　　B．tryingC．totryD．tried解析：选B　本题考查现在分词作状语的用法。tryingtobalanceit正试图保持平衡。2．Thenews________isspreadingaroundtheairportis________abigsnowstormwillcomeattacking.A．which；whichB．不填；thatC．that；whichD．that；that解析：选D　本题考查that引导的名词性从句的用法。第一空填that引导同位语从句；第二空填that引导表语从句。3．________isknowntousisthatthe2012OlympicGames________inLondon.A．What；willbeheldB．It；willholdC．As；isheldD．Which；holdsn解析：选A　第一空需要填一个可作主语的词，并且它引导的句子作主语从句；第二个空需要填hold的被动式，即奥运会将被举行。4．Theteachertoldusnottospeakallatoncebut________.A．eachatonetimeB．onebyonetimeC．oneforeachtimeD．oneatatime解析：选D　句意：老师告诉我们不要一齐说，而是一个个的说。oneatatime一次一个。5．Lastmonth，ourcitywasstruckbyfloods，from________effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.A．thatB．whoseC．thoseD．what解析：选B　定语从句的先行词为floods，因其与从句中的effects之间为所属关系，故用whose；从句中的from为sufferfrom中的介词，此处提前了。6．Manyfactorsinfluenceastudentinhis/herstudy，_______________________________Ithinkareoutofateacher’scontrol.A．mostofthemB．mostofwhichC．mostofwhatD．mostofthat解析：选B　考查非限制性定语从句。先行词是influence，关系词应用which。7．Thenewspaperwasaccusedof________thefacts.A．changingB．windingC．twistingD．turning解析：选C　句意：这家报纸被指控歪曲事实。beaccusedof(doing)sth.被指控(做)某事；twist歪曲，扭曲。8．Theypublishedthesciencefiction________thenameofIsaacAsimov.A．ofB．underC．atD．in解析：选B　underthenameof“以……的名字”。Ⅵ.阅读理解Scienceisamajortopicinourculture.Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfieldofourlife,educatedpeopleneedatleastsomeknowledgewithitsstructureandoperation.Theyshouldalsohaveanunderstandingofthescientific_subcultureinwhichscientistsliveandthekindsofpeopletheyare.Anunderstandingofgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceaswellasspecificscientificideasiseasiertoobtainifoneknowssomethingaboutthethingsthatexciteanddiscouragethescientist.nThisbookiswrittenforthepersonwhoseknowledgewithscienceisnotcomplete;forthepersonwhohasbeenpresentedwithscienceasamusty(发霉的)storehouseofdriedfacts;forthepersonwhoseesthechiefobjectiveofscienceastheproductionoftricks;andforthepersonwhoviewsthescientistsassomesortofmagician.Thebookcanbeusedtoaddtoacourseinanyscience,tocomewithanycoursethatattemptstogiveanunderstandingofthemodernworld,orsimplytoprovideabetterunderstandingofscience.Wehopethisbookwillleadreaderstoabroaderviewonscientificattitudesandamorerealisticviewofwhatscienceis,whoscientistsare,andwhattheydo.Itwillgivethemanideaandunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenscienceandourcultureandanappreciationoftherolessciencemayplayinourculture.Besides,readersmaylearntoappreciatetherelationshipbetweenscientificviewsandsomeofthevaluesandphilosophies(哲学)thataredeepinourculture.Wehavetriedtopresentinthisbookacorrectanduptodatepictureofthescientificworldandthepeoplewhopopulateit.Thatpopulationhasinrecentyearscometoincludemoreandmorewomen.Thisincreasingroleofwomenisnotjusttheonlyeventbut,rather,partofthetrendobviousinallpartsofsociety,asmorewomenentertraditionallymalecontrolledfieldsandmakeinfluentialcontributions.Wehavealsotriedtomakethebookentertainingaswellasinformative.Ourmethodisusuallyinformal.Wefeel,asdomanyotherscientists,thatweshouldn’ttakeourselvestooseriously.Asthereadermayobserve,weseescienceasadelightfulpastimeratherthanasacruelandunpleasantwaytoearnaliving.1．Accordingtothepassage，“scientificsubculture”means________.A．complexsituationB．scientificsocietyC．technicalgroupsD．knowledgesystem解析：选B　推理判断题。从第一段第三句“inwhichscientistsliveandthekindsofpeopletheyare”及下文的叙述可得出答案。2．Weneedtoknowsomethingaboutsciencebecause________.A．itiseasiertounderstandgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceB．scientistshavespecificscientificideasC．itisnoteasytounderstandthethingsthatexciteanddiscouragescientistsD．scienceaffectsalmosteveryfieldofourlife解析：选D　细节理解题。从文中第一段的第二句可知答案。n3．Thebookmentionedinthispassageiswrittenforreaderswho________.A．haveamisunderstandingaboutscienceB．arescientistsmakinginfluentialcontributionsC．wanttobreakthemalecontrolledworldD．wanttohavealittleunderstandingofscience解析：选A　细节理解题。从文中第二段第一句“Thisbookiswrittenforthepersonwhoseknowledgewithscienceisnotcomplete.”可知。4．Thispassagemostprobablyis________.A．theintroductionofabookB．theinformationaddedtoabookC．theconcludingpartofabookD．thereviewofabook解析：选A　推理判断题。从内容来看，本文是一本书的序言。本文主要对一本书及其内容及作者写此书的主要意图作了叙述。5．Accordingtothepassage，wecaninferthatthebookprobablyis________.A．seriousB．humorousC．interestingD．realistic解析：选C　推理判断题。根据对这本书的介绍可知它有可能很有趣。