2019年高中英语unit5nelsonmandelaamodernherosectionⅰwarmingup 14页

NelsonMandelaamodernheroNelsonMandela,thefirstblackpresidentofSouthAfricawhowasasymbol(象征)ofsocialjustice(公正),passedawayonDec.5,2013.Hisdeathisagreatlosstothewholeworld,sincethismodernhero,whousedtofightfortheblackpeople,helpedtheblackpeoplegetthesamerightsaswhitepeople,andbeganaschooltohelpthosewhohadlittlelearningevenduringthetimewhenhewasputintoprison.Hewastheonewhoalwaysgavepriorityto(优先考虑)hisnation.Nelsonwasagreatman,buthewasmorethanagreatman.Hewas,is,andalwayswillbeahero.Inmyview,beingaheromeansmorethanmakinggreatachievements.Infact,heroesareextraordinary(非凡的),becausetheirheartsarefilledwithloveforpeople.Itisthislovethatmakesthemheroes,ratherthangreatmen.Sothisisthedifferencebetweengreatmenandheroes.Whatmakesaheroisnotonlyone'sachievements,butalsohisselfless(无私的)love.Withgreatachievementsandselflesslove,thepersoncanbecomeatruehero,justlikeNelsonMandela.Section_ⅠWarmingUp&Reading—Prereading[原文呈现][读文清障]ELIAS'STORYMynameisElias.IamapoorblackworkerinSouthAfrica.ThetimewhenIfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.Iwastwelveyearsold.Itwasin1952andMandelawastheblacklawyer①towhomIwentforadvice②.Heofferedguidance③topoorblackpeopleontheirlegal④problems.Hewasgenerouswith⑤histime,forwhichIwasgrateful⑥.IneededhishelpbecauseIhadverylittleeducation.Ibeganschool⑦atsix.TheschoolwhereIstudiedforonlytwoyears⑧wasthreekilometresaway.Ihadtoleavebecausemyfamilycouldnotcontinuetopaytheschoolfees⑨andthebusfare.Icouldnotreadorwritewell.Aftertryinghard,Igotajobinagoldmine.However,thiswasatimewhen⑪onehadgottohaveapassbook⑫toliveinJohannesburg⑬.SadlyIdidnothaveonebecauseIwasnotbornthere,andIworriedaboutwhetherIwouldbecomeoutofwork⑭.n①lawyer['lɔːjə]n．律师②towhom引导定语从句，修饰先行词theblacklawyer。介词to与从句中的went搭配(gotosb.foradvice去某人处寻求建议)。③guidance['ɡaIdəns]n．指导；领导④legal['liːɡl]adj.法律的；依照法律的；合法的⑤begenerouswith/about在……方面慷慨大方⑥forwhich引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子。介词for与从句中的grateful搭配(begratefulforsth.对某事非常感激)。⑦schooln．(抽象名词)学校教育⑧whereIstudiedforonlytwoyears是where引导的定语从句，修饰theschool。⑨fee[fiː]n．费(会费、学费等)；酬金⑩faren．费(车费、船费、飞机票价等)⑪Thisis/wasatimewhen...这是一个……的时期。when引导定语从句，修饰atime。⑫passbook['pɑːsˌbʊk]n．南非共和国有色人种的身份证⑬Johannesburg[dʒəʊ'hænIsbɜːɡ]n．约翰内斯堡(南非城市)⑭outofwork失业伊莱亚斯的故事[第1～2段译文]我叫伊莱亚斯。我是南非的一个穷苦的黑人工人。第一次见到纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常艰难的时期。(当时)我才12岁，那是在1952年，曼德拉是我寻求帮助的一位黑人律师。他向那些穷苦黑人提供法律指导。他十分慷慨地给予我时间，我为此非常感激。由于我所受的教育很少，所以我需要他的帮助。我6岁开始上学，我仅仅读了两年的那所学校有3千米远。我不得不辍学，因为我的家庭无法继续支付学费和交通费。我既不太会读，也不怎么会写。几经周折，我才在一家金矿上找到一份工作。然而在那个时候，一个人要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。糟糕的是我没有这个证件，因为我不是在那里出生的，我担心我是不是会失业。ThedaywhenNelsonMandelahelpedmewasoneofmyhappiest.Hetoldmehowtogetthecorrectpapers⑮soIcouldstayinJohannesburg.Ibecamemorehopeful⑯aboutmyfuture.IneverforgothowkindMandelawas.WhenheorganizedtheANCYouth⑰League⑱，IjoineditassoonasIcould⑲.Hesaid：“Thelastthirtyyearshaveseen⑳thegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress,untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnonrightsatall.”⑮papersn．证件⑯hopeful['həʊpfl]adj.怀有希望的；有希望的become/behopefulabout对……充满希望⑰youth[juːθ]n．青年；青年时期⑱league[liːɡ]n．同盟；联盟；联合会，YouthLeague青年团⑲assoonasIcould我尽可能早地⑳see此处用了拟人化的写作手法，意为“目睹；见证”。本句运用了“see＋宾语＋宾补”结构。stage[steIdʒ]n．舞台；阶段；时期wherewehave...是where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词astage。[第3～4段译文]纳尔逊·曼德拉给予我帮助的那一天是我一生中最高兴的日子之一。他告诉我要想在约翰内斯堡立住脚，应当如何获取所需证件。我对自己的未来更充满了希望。我永远也忘不了他是多么的善良。当他组织了非国大青年联盟时，我马上就参加了这个组织。他说：,“过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。”Itwasthetruth.Blackpeoplecouldnotvoteorchoosetheirleaders.Theycouldnotgetthejobstheywanted.Thepartsoftowninwhichtheyhadtoliveweredecidedbywhitepeople.TheplacesoutsidethetownswheretheyweresenttolivewerethepoorestpartsofSouthAfrica.Noonecouldgrowfoodthere.InfactasNelsonMandelasaid：“...wewereputintoapositioninwhichwehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportant,orfightthegovernment.Wechosetoattackthelaws.Wefirstbrokethelawinawaywhichwaspeaceful；whenthiswasnotallowed...onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.”Asamatteroffact，Idonotlikeviolence...butin1963Ihelpedhimblowupsomegovernmentbuildings.ItwasverydangerousbecauseifIwascaughtIcouldbeputinprison.ButIwashappytohelpbecauseIknewitwouldhelpnusachieveourdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequal.vote[vəʊt]vt.&vi.投票；选举n.投票；选票；表决inwhichtheyhadtolive是inwhich引导的定语从句，修饰thepartsoftown。wheretheywere...是where引导的定语从句，修饰theplacesoutsidethetowns。asNelsonMandelasaid是as引导的定语从句，as意为“正如”，指代下面的一段话。inwhichwehadeither...or...是inwhich引导的定语从句，修饰先行词aposition。position后接定语从句时，若关系词在从句中作状语则用where或inwhich。attack[ə'tæk]vt.进攻；攻击；抨击whichwaspeaceful是which引导的定语从句，修饰away。inawaywhichwaspeaceful＝inapeacefulway。allowvt.允许allowdoingsth.允许做某事allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事violence['vaIələns]n．暴力；暴行“only＋状语”位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。asamatteroffact事实上blowup使充气；爆炸putsb.inprison将某人关进监狱同义短语：sendsb.toprison;throwsb.intoprison。because引导原因状语从句，其中含有if引导的条件状语从句。achievevt.实现；达到；完成nequal['iːkwəl]adj.相等的；平等的此处作宾补，构成“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。[第5～7段译文]他说的是实话。当时黑人没有选举权，他们无权选择他们的领导人。他们不能做自己想要做的工作。他们所能住的城区都是由白人决定的。他们被打发去住的城外地区是南非最贫穷的地区。在那儿，没有人能够种庄稼。事实上，就像纳尔逊·曼德拉所说的：,“……我们被置于这样一个境地：要么我们被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。我们选择向法律进攻。首先我们用和平的方式来破坏法律，而当这种方式也得不到允许时……只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。”,事实上，我并不喜欢暴力……但是在1963年的时候，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。那是很危险的事情，因为如果我被抓住了，可能就会被关进监狱。但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这会帮助我们实现黑人和白人平等的梦想。PrereadingPleasematchthewordswiththeirpropermeanings.1．mean　　　　　　　　A．法律的；依照法律的2．selflessB．投票；选举3．lawyerC．暴力；暴行4．legalD．联盟；同盟5．feeE．律师6．leagueF．学费；会费；酬金7．violenceG．不公正的；不公平的8．voteH．乐意的；自愿的9．willingI．无私的10．unfairJ．吝啬的；卑鄙的1～5　__________　6～10　__________答案：1～5　JIEAF　6～10　DCBHGLeadinAfamouspersonmaynotbeagreatperson,butagreatpersonmustbeafamousperson.1．Whodoyouthinkaregreatpersonsinthefollowingpictures?n答案：A，B_and_E2．WhatdoyouknowaboutNelsonMandela?He_devotes_his_life_to_helping_his_people_get_the_same_rights_as_white_people_in_his_country./He_is_a_national_leader_who_has_been_fighting_for_making_black_and_white_people_equal./Nelson_Mandela_is_regarded_as_one_of_the_greatest_spiritual_and_political_leaders_of_South_Africa.WhilereadingFastreadingSkimthetextandchoosethebestanswers.1．What'sthemainideaofthetext?A．Thelifeofblackworkers.B．ThefightbetweenMandelaandthewhitepeople.C．ThestoriesbetweenMandelaandElias.D．TheeducationofElias.答案：C2．Matchthemainideaofeachpart.Paras.1～2　　　A．ThechangeofElias'lifeafterhemetNelsonMandelaandwhatMandeladidParas.3～7B．ThelifeofEliasbeforehemetNelsonMandelaParas.1～2　__B__　Paras.3～7　__A__CarefulreadingReadthereadingpassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswersaccordingtothetext.n1．WhydidEliashavetoleaveschool?A．Hedidn'thaveapassbook.B．Hishomewasfarfromtheschool.C．Hisfamilycouldn'taffordtheschoolfees.D．Hecouldn'treadorwrite.2．NelsonMandelaopenedablacklawfirminorderto________.A．makemoneyB．helpthepoorblackpeoplewiththeirproblemsC．makehimselffamousD．studylaw3．HowdidNelsonMandelahelpEliaskeephisjob?A．HetalkedwithElias'boss.B．Hehelpedhimgetthecorrectpapers.C．Helenthimsomemoney.D．Heaskedhimtogotocourt.4．WhatdreamdidNelsonMandelahave?A．TobecomethepresidentofSouthAfrica.B．TowintheNobelPeacePrize.C．Tomakeblackandwhitepeopleequal.D．Toblowupsomegovernmentbuildings.答案：1～4　CBBCStudyreadingAnalyzethefollowingsentencesinthetextthatmaybedifficulttounderstand.1．However,thiswasatimewhenonehadgottohaveapassbooktoliveinJohannesburg.[句式分析][尝试翻译]　然而在那个时候，一个人要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。2．SadlyIdidnothaveonebecauseIwasnotbornthere,andIworriedaboutwhetherIwouldbecomeoutofwork.[句式分析]n[尝试翻译]　糟糕的是我没有这个证件，因为我不是在那里出生的，我担心我是不是会失业。3．...wewereputintoapositioninwhichwehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportant,orfightthegovernment.[句式分析][尝试翻译]　……我们被置于这样一个境地：要么我们被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。Ⅰ.阅读理解AMandelabecamepresidentinSouthAfrica'shistoric1994election(选举)．Afterthat,heoftenlookedtoWalterSisulu,oneofhisclosestfriendsformorethansixtyyears,forguidance.SisuluwasinmanywaysasimportantasMandelainthefightagainstSouthAfrica'sracistsystem(种族主义制度)．In1944,thetwo,alongwiththelateOliverTambo,foundedtheANCYouthLeague.TheANCYLfavoredamoremilitant(激进的)waytothemovementagainstthegovernment.TheysoontookovertheANC,withSisuluservingasitssecretarygeneralfrom1949to1954.In1963,he,MandelaandothertopANCleadersweresentencedtolifeinprison.Sisuluwasalwayscalmandpatientafterhewasreleased.ThedayafterhisreleaseonOct.15,1989，Sisuluexplainedtoreportershow“itwasnotpossibletolosehopebecausethespiritofthepeopleoutsidewastoogreat.”Mandela'sreleasecamefourmonthslater.Sisuluwasbornin1912.UnlikeMandela,whosefatherwasachief(酋长)，Sisuluwasthechildofablackmaid(女仆)andawhiteworker.HisfatherleftthefamilynwhenSisuluwassmall.Hewaseducatedforawhileatalocalschool,butleftwhenhewas15tosupporthisfamily.Hetookwhateverjobshecould,andcontinuedtolearnonhisown.In1940,hejoinedtheANCandgotMandelatojoinitayearlater.“Ourpathsfirstmetin1941.Duringthepast62years,ourliveshavebeencloselyconnected.Wesharedthejoyofliving,andthepain.Wewalkedsidebysidethroughthevalleyofdeath.Togetherweenjoyedthetasteoffreedom，”MandelasaidafterSisuludiedonMay5th,2003.“Apartofmeisgone.”语篇解读：本文是记叙文。文章介绍了南非著名反种族隔离斗士——沃尔特·西苏鲁，他也是曼德拉的好战友。1．InwhatwaywasSisulusimilartoMandela?A．Healsosupportedpeacefulmeans.B．Healsoranforthe1994election.C．HewasalsoafounderoftheANC.D．Hewasalsoagreatfreedomfighter.解析：选D　推理判断题。由前两段可知，西苏鲁和曼德拉一样，都是伟大的南非自由战士。2．WhatmadeSisulufeelhopefulaboutthefuture?A．Mandela'srelease.B．Thepeople'spower.C．Theprisoners'highspirits.D．Reporters'encouragement.解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“itwasnotpossibletolosehopebecausethespiritofthepeopleoutsidewastoogreat”可知，西苏鲁对未来充满希望是因为他受到了人民力量的鼓舞。3．WhatdidMandelatellusaboutinthelastparagraph?A．HislifelongfriendshipwithSisulu.B．HisimportantinfluenceonSisulu.C．Hishardeffortstowinfreedom.D．HisopinionsonSisulu'slife.解析：选A　推理判断题。由最后一段中曼德拉的话可知，他深情地回顾了他与西苏鲁六十多年的革命友谊。4．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．TocompareSisuluwithMandela.nB．ToshowthegreatnessofMandela.C．ToexplainthehistoryoftheANCYL.D．TodescribeSisulu'slifeandachievements.解析：选D　写作目的题。通读全文可知，本文描写了南非著名反种族隔离斗士西苏鲁的生平和成就。BOneofthemostunusualfloweringplantsintheworld,theSnowdoniahawkweed(斯诺登水兰),growsonlyinSnowdoniaNationalParkinnorthernWales.Theareaisrockyandmountainous,andtheairiscoolandwet.TheSnowdoniahawkweedprefersthisarea.Infact,itgrowsnowhereelseintheworld.Itisevenpickyaboutwhereitgrowsinthepark.TheSnowdoniahawkweedisabouttwoinchestallwithbrightyellowflowers.Itmaynotbethemostbeautifulplantintheworld,butitisafavoritesnackofsheep.In1953,theSnowdoniahawkweeddisappeared.Peoplefearedthattheplantwasgoneforever.Theybelievedthatthesheeptherehadeatenthelastfewplants.So,thepeoplewhorantheparktookthesheepawayfromthearea,hopingthatthehawkweedmightreturn.In2002,almost50yearsafteritwasthoughttobeextinct,_agroupofplantscientistsfoundtheyellowflowersinthepark—exactlywhereithadlastbeenseen,andwhereithadbeensearchedforwithoutsuccess.Thehawkweedhadreturned!Totrytopreventtheplantfromdisappearingagain,scientistscollectedseeds(种子)fromtheplant.Since2002,theunusualplanthascontinuedtoappearinthepark.语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一种罕见的植物——斯诺登水兰。5．TheSnowdoniahawkweed________.A．isthemostbeautifulplantintheworldB．growseverywhereinnorthernWalesC．producesthemostunusualflowersD．isanextremelyunusualplantn解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Oneofthemostunusualfloweringplantsintheworld”，“itgrowsnowhereelseintheworld”以及“Itisevenpickyaboutwhereitgrowsinthepark.”不难看出，斯诺登水兰对生长环境很挑剔，只在斯诺登国家公园的某个地方生长，是一种异常罕见的植物。6．WhathappenedtotheSnowdoniahawkweedin1953________.A．worriedalotofpeopleB．provednatureispowerfulC．madetheparklessattractiveD．causedariseinthenumberofsheep解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Peoplefearedthattheplantwasgoneforever.”和“thepeoplewhorantheparktookthesheepawayfromthearea,hopingthatthehawkweedmightreturn”可知，当斯诺登水兰在1953年凭空消失后，人们对此很担心。7．Theunderlinedword“extinct”inParagraph3probablymeans“________”．A．growing　　　　　　B．disappearingC．unusualD．dangerous解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“theSnowdoniahawkweeddisappeared.Peoplefearedthattheplantwasgoneforever.”可知，人们曾一度以为斯诺登水兰灭绝了。故画线词意为“消失了的；灭绝的”。CRobertFrostwasborninSanFranciscoin1874,buthespentmostofhislifemovingfromplacetoplace,oftenreturningtoNewEngland,theplaceofhislaterchildhoodandearlyadultyears.Robertwasthefirstchildborninhisfamily.Frost'searlychildhoodwasfilledwithanxiety,sincehisfatherdrankandgambledtoomuch.Frost'sfatherdiedwhenFrostwas11,leavinghismotherwithnochoicebuttomovebackhomewithherparentsinLawrence,Massachusetts.Frost'sfirstpublishedpoemappearedintheLawrenceHighSchoolBulletinin1890.WhileFrostcouldattendHarvardCollege,heattendedDartmouthCollegeinstead,becausehisgrandparentsthoughthewouldfindsuccessthere.FrostdroppedoutofDartmouthbeforehisfirstyearwasoverandbeganteachingprimaryschool.In1894,FrostreceivedhisfirstpaymentforthepoemMyButterfly:anElegy.Heworkedasareporterwhilestillteachingprimaryschool.Frostmarriedhiswife,nElinorWhite,in1895.FrostandElinorhadtheirfirstchildin1896,asontheynamedElliot.In1897FrostcontinuedhiseducationatHarvardCollege,butby1899hehaddroppedoutagain.In1901,Frost'sgrandfatherdied,leavinghimafarminNewHampshire,whichmadeitpossibleforFrosttosupporthisgrowingfamily.RobertandElinorhadmorechildren,andFrostwrotemoreanddidseveraldifferentparttimejobstomakeendsmeet.HetaughtEnglishliterature,trainedotherteachersinteachingmethods,andtaughteducationandpsychologyclasses.In1913,hisfirstbookABoy'sWillwaspublished.Thesuccessofthisbookbroughthimincontactwithmanyimportantliterarypeople,includingWilliamYeats.Followingthissuccess,Frostpublishedmanyliteraryworks,includingshortstories,poemsandaplay.Hemadealivingbylecturing,writingandsometimesteaching.Frostactivelycontributedtotheliteratureuntilhisdeathin1963.Frostwashighlyregarded,andhewasawardedthePulitzerPrizeforhispoetryfourtimesinhislife.语篇解读：本文主要介绍美国大诗人罗伯特·弗罗斯特的生平故事。8．RobertFrostattendedDartmouthCollegeinsteadofHarvardCollegebecause________.A．hedidn'tshowanyinterestinHarvardCollegeB．hisgrandparentsdidn'twanthimtoleavethehomeC．hisfamilyhopedthathecouldsavemoneyforthemD．hisgrandparentsthoughthecouldachievemoreinDartmouthCollege解析：选D　细节理解题。从第三段的“becausehisgrandparentsthoughthewouldfindsuccessthere”可知，弗罗斯特去达特茅斯学院上学而没去哈佛大学主要是受到他爷爷奶奶的影响，他们认为他会在达特茅斯学院取得成功。9．Afterhisgrandfather'sdeath,RobertFrost________.A．losthisfamily'ssupportforhiswritingB．couldn'tspendmostofhistimeinwritingpoemsC．couldrunthefarmtosupporthisgrowingfamilyD．didn'twanttodoparttimejobsanymore解析：选C　细节理解题。从第五段的“Frost'sgrandfatherdied...whichmadeitpossibleforFrosttosupporthisgrowingfamily.”可知，爷爷的去世留下了一个农场给弗罗斯特，因此他能够维持整个家庭的生活。10．Ashisfirstbookwaspublished,RobertFrost________.nA．begantogetinterestedinseriousliteratureB．hadtomakealivingbyteachingprimaryschoolC．founditdifficulttostopwritingandteachingD．hadchancestomeetgreatfiguresinliterature解析：选D　细节理解题。从倒数第二段的“Thesuccessofthisbookbroughthimincontactwithmanyimportantliterarypeople,includingWilliamYeats.”可知，随着第一部诗集的问世，弗罗斯特便开始步入文艺圈，接触那些名人了。11．Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A．ToreportRobertFrost'sinfluenceonpoetry.B．TointroduceRobertFrost'slifestory.C．TofindoutwhatmadeRobertFrostasuccessfulwriter.D．ToreviewtheinfluenceofRobertFrost'sterriblechildhood.解析：选B　写作意图题。从文章的内容可知，本文主要介绍美国大诗人罗伯特·弗罗斯特的生平故事。Ⅱ.阅读七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Beinginanunfamiliarschoolcanbefrightening.Ifyoustartanewschool,you'llhavetoworryaboutmakingfriends.Herearesimpletipswhichhelpyoumakenewfriendsmoreeasily.__1__Asthey'recloseby,itiseasytochattothemfirst.Trytospeaktoeveryoneinyourclass.Youwillstudyhereforthreeyears,soithelpsifyougetalongwellwiththem.Ifyoudon'thavemanyfriendsinyourclass,itdoesn'tmatter.__2__Youcanalsochattothematlunchtimesandafterschool.Joinalunchtimeorafterschoolclub.You'llgettomeetkidsofallyearsthatway.Askyourteachertopairyouwithanotherstudent.__3__Sinceyou'rethenewperson,you'llhavegotcelebritystatus(名人身份),whichyoucanuseforacoupleofweeks.Talktoclassmates.Remembertosmile,andbeopenandfriendly.__4__Whenyourclassmatestalktoyou,youshouldlistencarefullyandlookatthemintheeyetomakethemfeelimportant.Asyougrowolder,it'snaturaltomakenewfriendsandsometimesthatmeansyoubegintogrowapartfromyouroldfriends.Sotryandmaketimeforallyournfriends.Butwhatifafriendshipgroupispushingyouout?Ifthisishappeningtoyou,asksomeoneyou'refriendlywithwhathashappened.__5__A．Don'tbreakinwhileyourclassmatesarespeaking.B．Nevermindwhattheyaretalking.C．Useyourcelebritystatus!D．Ifthefriendshipishopeless,trytofindnewfriends.E．Tryandmakenewfriendsinyourneighbourclasses.F．Thereisnoneedtobeupsetevenifyouhavelostthefriendshipwithsuchclassmates.G．Tryspeakingtothestudentsyou'resittingnexttoinclass.答案：1～5　GECAD