2019高中英语刷题首选卷基础练能力练unit4makingthenewssectionⅲgrammar（含解析） 8页

SectionⅢ　Grammar对应学生用书P43[基础题]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Onthetopofthehill________(stand)atempledatingbacktotheQingDynasty.答案：stands　句意：山顶上有一座庙，它可以追溯到清朝。介词短语位于句首且句子的主语为名词，应用完全倒装结构，主语为单数概念，所以此处用stands。2．[2016·江苏高考]Notuntilrecently________theyencouragethedevelopmentoftouristrelatedactivitiesintheruralareas.答案：did　句意：直到近期，他们才鼓励农村地区与旅游有关的活动的发展。notuntil位于句首时，句子应用部分倒装结构。此处指过去所发生的动作，应用一般过去时，故答案为did。3．Tired________hewas,hestayeduplate.答案：as/though　句意：虽然很疲倦，他还是熬夜到很晚。as引导让步状语从句时，从句用部分倒装；though引导让步状语从句时，可倒装也可不用倒装；从句用倒装语序时，把表语、状语或动词原形提到as/though前面。4．[2017·天津重点中学毕业班联考]Nowadaysmanyteenagersoftentaketheirparents'loveforgranted.Seldom________theythinkwhattheyshouldreturnthemwhentheyareold.答案：do　否定词seldom位于句首，句子应使用部分倒装，即将助动词do放在主语they前面。故填do。5．Thestudentshavelearnedalotfromtheworkersand________havetheteachers.答案：so　句意：学生们已经从工人那里学到了很多，老师们也是如此。由句意可以看出，此处应用“so＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”结构，表示前面所表述的情况也适用于另一主语。6．Afterthatweneversawheragain.Nor________wehearfromher.答案：did　句意：在那之后我们再也没有见过她，也没收到她的信。“nor＋情态动词/助动词/系动词＋主语”意为“……也不”，是部分倒装。7．Nosooner________thecompetitionbegunthananunexpectedaccidenthappened.答案：had　句意：比赛刚开始，一起意料不到的事故发生了。nosooner...than...“一……就……”，nosooner放在句首时，主句用部分倒装，而且用过去完成时。8．________(go)arethedayswhenteacherswerelookeddownon.n答案：Gone　句意：老师们被看不起的日子一去不复返了。gone形容词，意为“不再存在”，在句中作表语，位于句首，句子要用完全倒装。9．Bynomeans________ittruethatallEnglishpeopleknowtheirownlanguagewell.答案：is　bynomeans放在句首时，句子用部分倒装。且it是主语，true是表语，根据从句中谓语动词确定时态为一般现在时，故填is。10．Hardly________theygottothestationwhenthetrainsuddenlypulledaway.答案：had　hardly...when...“一……就……”，hardly放在句首时，主句用部分倒装，并且时态用过去完成时。Ⅱ.单句改错1．AmongthegoodsisChristmastrees,flowers,candlesandtoys.________________________________________________________________________答案：is→are2．Notuntiltheteachercamedoeshefinishhishomework.________________________________________________________________________答案：does→did3．Notonlyshouldwenotafraidofdifficulties,butwealsoshouldtryourbesttoovercomethem.________________________________________________________________________答案：afraid前加be4．OnlydidLucypreferredtostayathomeratherthangooutings.________________________________________________________________________答案：去掉did5．SofastherunthatIcan'tfollowhim.________________________________________________________________________答案：he前加does6．Ireceivedhismother'stelephonecallateleven.OnlythenIknowthathewasbadlyhurtinanaccidentyesterday.________________________________________________________________________答案：then后加didⅢ.完成句子1．Notuntilheretiredseveralyearsago________considerhavingaholidayabroad.n直到几年前退休了他才考虑到国外度假。答案：didhe2．Suchrapidprogress________________thathewasabletokeepadiaryinEnglishbeforelong.这个男孩取得了如此迅速的进步，他不久就能用英语写日记了。答案：didtheboymake3．Onceuponatime________________amanknownbythenameofBeef.从前有个名叫比夫的人住在那里。答案：therelived4．Justthenthedooropenedand________________.就在那时，门开了，进来了一个女人。答案：incameawoman5．Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918________abletogetbackhappilytowork.只有在1918年战争结束时，他才能够愉快地返回工作岗位。答案：washe[能力题]Ⅰ.阅读理解Themediaprovidesuswiththeobservationsandexperiencesfromwhichwebuildupourpersonalunderstandingoftheworldandhowitworks.Muchofourviewofrealityisbasedonmediamessages.Themedia,toagreatextent,givesusoursenseofreality.Freedomofthemediacarrieswithitcertainresponsibilitiesofhonesty,fairness,accuracyandaccountability.Thepowerofthemediatocreateanddestroyhumanvaluescomeswithgreatresponsibility.Themediaispowerfulinthepoliticalsystem,havinggreatinfluenceonpoliticsandonformingsocialchange.Thepoweristodecidewhowillcommunicatewhattowhom.Televisioncangreatlyinfluencetheelectionofanationalleaderonthebasisnofhisorherimage.Professionaljournalistsdohaveacodeofethics(道德标准).Journalistsmakeajudgmentaboutwhat'ssafeandappropriatetoreport,whichofteninvolvesdifficultchoices.GermansociologistMaxWeberdistinguishesbetween“ethicsofconviction”and“ethicsofresponsibility”.Accordingtothelatter(ethicsofresponsibility),journalistsmusttakeintoaccounttheforeseeableconsequencesoftheirreporting,andtheimpactitwillhaveonsociety.Theformer,ontheotherhand,asksjournaliststotellthetruth,regardlessoftheconsequences.AccordingtoWeber,bothideasofethicsshouldbeconsidered.Withoutdoubt,informationispower,andthebigownersofthemassmediaareverypowerfulpeople.Televisionandradiostations,newspapers,magazines,andwebsitesare,largely,ownedandcontrolledbyprofitmakingbusinesses.Itisnotstrangethattheirideaswillgetpromotedattimes.Itismyviewthatsuchpowerandresponsibilityshouldneverbeleftinthehandsofafew.Ibelieveitisourresponsibilityasconcernedcitizenstomakesurewearenotmerelypassiveviewers,readersorlisteners.Togetherwecanhaveahugeinfluenceonthemediabymakingourviewsknown.1．What'sthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Responsibilitiesofthemedia.B．Influenceofthemedia.C．Historyofthemedia.D．Problemsofthemedia.答案：B'段落大意题。第一段主要介绍媒体是如何影响公众的。故选B。2．Wecanlearnfromthethirdparagraphthat________.A．themediaismoreinterestedinpoliticsthanotherfieldsB．formingsocialchangeisthemaindutyofthemediaC．thegreatpowerofthemediaiscontrolledbypoliticalfiguresD．themediacanaffectpoliticsbyformingpoliticalfigures'images答案：D'推理判断题。从第三段的最后一句可推知，媒体通过塑造政治人物形象从而影响政治。故选D。3．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Themassmediashouldbeownedbythegovernment.B．Themediaindustryhasdevelopedintoanewageinrecentyears.nC．Inmostcases,journalistsaremorepowerfulthantheownersofthemedia.D．Themediatendstopromotetheideasoftheirownerssometimes.答案：D'细节理解题。从倒数第二段最后一句可知，媒体的观点受其所有人或机构所左右，故D项正确。4．Inthewriter'sopinion,citizensshould________.A．trustthemassmediaB．becomeaninfluenceonthemediaC．knowhowthemediaworksD．trytoreportnewsthemselves答案：B'推理判断题。从最后一段第二、三句中的“itisourresponsibilityasconcerned...bymakingourviewsknown”可推知，公民应该表达自己的观点和意见，从而对媒体构成一定影响力。故选B。Ⅱ.完形填空SomeyearsagowhenIwasinmyfirstyearincollege,IheardSalomeBeysingforthefirsttime.Themomentwas__1__.Salome'svoicefilledtheroomandbroughtthetheatertolife.Iwasso__2__thatIdecidedtowriteanarticleabouther.I__3__SalomeBey,tellingherIwasfromEssencemagazine,andthatIwantedtomeethertotalkabouthercareer.She__4__andtoldmetocometoherstudionextTuesday.WhenIhungup,Iwasscaredoutofmymind.I__5__Iwaslying.Iwasnotawriteratallandhadn'tevenwrittenagrocerylist.IinterviewedSalomeBeythenextTuesday.Isatthere__6__，takingnotesandaskingquestionsthatallbeganwith“Canyoutellme...”.Isoonrealizedthat__7__SalomeBeywasonething,butwritingastoryforanationalmagazinewasjustimpossible.The__8__wasalmostunbearable.Istruggledfordays__9__draftafterdraft.FinallyIputmymanuscript(手稿)intoalargeenvelopeanddroppeditintoamailbox.Itdidn'ttakelong.Mymanuscriptwas__10__.“Howstupidofme！”Ithought.HowcouldI__11__inaworldofprofessionalwriters?KnowingIcouldn't__12__therejection(拒绝)letter,Ithrewtheunopenedenvelopeintoadrawer.Fiveyearslater,IwasmovingtoCalifornia.While__13__myapartment,Icameacrosstheunopenedenvelope.ThistimeIopeneditandreadtheeditor'sletterin__14__：nMsProfit，YourstoryonSalomeBeyisfantastic.Yetweneedsome__15__materials.Pleaseaddthoseandreturnthearticleimmediately.Wewouldliketo__16__yourstorysoon.Iwasshocked,andittookmealongtimeto__17__.Fearofrejectioncostmealot.Ilostatleastfivehundreddollarsandthechanceofhavingmyarticlepublishedinamajormagazine.Moreimportantly,Ilostyearsof__18__writing.Today,Ihavebecomeafulltimewriter.Lookingbackonthis__19__，Ilearnaveryimportantlesson:youcan't__20__todoubtyourself.　篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。当“我”还是一名大一新生时，就冒充某杂志的一员对SalomeBey进行采访并向国家级杂志投稿。因缺乏自信，“我”把国家级杂志社的来信当作退稿通知放到抽屉里。多年后，“我”才发现那是杂志社对自己的积极回复，也是自己写作的开始。终于，“我”明白了一个道理：谁也承担不起怀疑自我的后果。1．A.boringB．lastingC．excitingD．tiring答案：C'由语境可知，第一次听到她歌唱时是令人激动的。故C项正确。2．A.proudB．activeC．satisfiedD．moved答案：D'由语境可知，“我”是如此感动，以至于决定写一篇关于她的文章。故D项正确。3．A.visitedB．emailedC．phonedD．interviewed答案：C'根据下文“WhenIhungup”可知，“我”给她打电话了。故C项正确。4．A.agreedB．refusedC．hesitatedD．paused答案：A'根据空格后的“toldmetocometoherstudio”可知，她同意了。故A项正确。5．A.repliedB．discoveredC．explainedD．knew答案：D'根据前文“whenIwasinmyfirstyearincollege”及“tellingherIwasfromEssencemagazine”可知，“我”知道自己是在撒谎。故D项正确。6．A.seriouslyB．patientlynC．nervouslyD．quietly答案：C'根据下文“takingnotesandaskingquestionsthatallbeganwith‘Canyoutellme...’”可知，“我”坐在那里非常紧张。故C项正确。7．A.blamingB．foolingC．hearingD．urging答案：B'联系上下文可知，“我”骗了她“我”的身份。故B项正确。8．A.hardshipB．failureC．commentD．pressure答案：D'根据语境可知，“我”认为给国家级刊物写文章根本是不可能的，因此那种压力是难以忍受的。故D项正确。9．A.withB．byC．onD．in答案：A　此处指一份草稿接着一份草稿去写，努力了好几天。with表示方式。10．A.disappearedB．returnedC．spreadD．improved答案：B　根据下文陈述可知，没过多久手稿就被返回来了。故B项正确。11．A.compareB．struggleC．surviveD．compete答案：D'联系上文可知，“我”只是一个大一学生，怎么能跟那么多专业的作家竞争呢？故D项正确。12．A.ignoreB．deliverC．faceD．receive答案：C'根据下文“Ithrewtheunopenedenvelopeintoadrawer”可知，“我”无法面对这份退稿信。故C项正确。13．A.decoratingB．repairingC．cleaningD．looking答案：C'根据上下文可知，这里表示打扫卫生。故C项正确。14．A.disbeliefB．anxietyC．horrorD．trouble答案：A'indisbelief“难以置信地，怀疑地”；inanxiety“焦虑地”；inhorror“惊恐地”；introuble“处于困难中”。根据下文来信的内容可知，此处表示难以置信。故A项正确。15．A.subjectiveB．relevantC．privateD．interestingn答案：B'由语境可知，回信指出“我”写的故事不错，但需要一些相关的材料。故B项正确。16．A.broadcastB．createC．publishD．assess答案：C'根据上文“returnthearticleimmediately”可知，杂志社有意要出版这个故事。故C项正确。17．A.recoverB．prepareC．escapeD．concentrate答案：A'由语境可知，看到这封信的内容，“我”震惊了，很长时间后才回过神来。故A项正确。18．A.energeticB．endlessC．typicalD．enjoyable答案：D'联系上文可知，此处指“我”失去了这几年快乐的写作时光。故D项正确。19．A.experienceB．successC．benefitD．accident答案：A'上文所陈述的事情对“我”而言就是一次经历。故A项正确。20．A.attemptB．affordC．expectD．pretend答案：B'此处表示你承担不起怀疑自我的后果。故B项正确。