2019高中英语基础练能力练unit2theunitedkingdomsectionⅳlearningaboutlanguage 13页

SectionⅣ　LearningaboutLanguage&UsingLanguage对应学生用书P21[基础题]Ⅰ.单词拼写1．MyroommateJohnmarriedMarylastmonthbutIdidn'tattendtheirw________.答案：wedding2．Tomyd________，Iwaschosenfromhundredsofapplicantstoattendtheopeningceremony.答案：delight3．Shewillprobablytakegreatprideinwearingschoolu________.答案：uniform4．Thereporthasadetailed________(描述)ofwhathappenedyesterday.答案：description5．[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]Thesepiecescanbe________(折叠)intoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.答案：folded6．Isthereany________(可能)thatwewillhaveatwo－dayoff?答案：possibility7．Hewas________(兴奋的)onseeinghisoldfriend.答案：thrilled8．Nowourcountryhaswona________(辉煌的)victory,butwestillhavealongwaytogo.答案：splendidⅡ.选词填空1．Nowadaysplasticshave________manytraditionalmaterials.答案：takentheplaceof2．________myhealth,Itriedmanydifferentkindsofdietsbutnothingworked.答案：Worriedabout3．________，hiswifewassittinginthereadingroomthen.答案：Tohissurprise4．Thecar________onmywaytothestationyesterday.答案：brokedownn5．Ourclassmatewonthegame,andallofus________him.答案：wereproudof6．Someoftheplayersmay,________，breaktherulesandbeblamed.答案：onoccasion7．BeforeIgoshopping,I________thethingsImustbuy.答案：makealistof8．Thefestivalis________aChinesepoet.答案：inmemoryof9．________，heagreedtotakemetotheGreatWall.答案：Tomydelight10．DuringtheChristmasshoppingweek,thereweresomanykindsofthings________inthesupermarkets.答案：onshowⅢ.单句语法填空1．Howarethewedding________(arrange)comingalong?答案：arrangements　theweddingarrangements“婚礼安排”。由空格前的the及wedding可以作定语修饰名词可知应填所给词的名词形式，且根据系动词are确定用名词复数形式。2．[2016·天津高考]Youarewaitingatawrongplace.Itisatthehotel________thecoachpicksuptourists.答案：that　句意：你等错地方了。长途汽车是在旅馆那里接游客。分析句子结构可知，这是一个强调句型。被强调部分为atthehotel，故设空处填that。3．Ourclassroom________(furnish)withanewblackboardandastovetokeepwarmlastmonth.答案：wasfurnished　由句意可知，ourclassroom和furnish之间为被动关系，故应用被动语态。由于时间状语是lastmonth，故用一般过去时。4．Theyhadnotimetoarrangetheirownwedding,sotheyhadit________(organize)byacompany.答案：organized　此处为“have＋宾语＋宾补”结构。it指代theirownwedding，与动词organize之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。5．Whenyouquarrel________othersorwhenyoufailtheexam,youmayhaveabadmood.答案：with　句意：当你与别人吵架时，或是当你考试不及格时，你都可能心情不好。quarrelwithsb.为固定搭配，意为“与某人吵架”。故填with。n6．Another________(possible)isthatwewillgotoMexicoinstead.答案：possibility　another修饰名词或代词，所以填possible对应的名词形式。Ⅳ.单句改错1．WillyoubeconvenienttochatwithmeontheInternettonight?________________________________________________________________________答案：you→it2．Itisgreatlyinyourcreditthatyouhaveovercomesuchdifficulties.________________________________________________________________________答案：in→to3．Weheardthewindowsknockingbytheheavyraindrops.________________________________________________________________________答案：knocking→knocked4．Hehadhislegbreakinthematchyesterday.________________________________________________________________________答案：break→broken5．Mybossarrangedformediscussbusinessdetailswithsomeonefromanothercompany.________________________________________________________________________答案：discuss前加toⅤ.完成句子1．DoyouknowwhentheBeatlesstartedandwhenit____________？你知道甲壳虫乐队何时成立，何时解散的吗？答案：brokeup2．Electrictrainshavenow________________steamtrainsinEngland.在英国，电力火车现在已经取代了蒸汽火车。答案：takentheplaceof3．MrsSmithhas______________herdaughter__________swimminglessonsnextweek.史密斯夫人已经安排她的女儿下周上游泳课。答案：arrangedfor;tohave4．Hespenttendaysinthewindandsnow,________________.他在风雪中度过了十天，又冷又饿。答案：coldandhungry5．Onceuponatime,____________anoldmanatthefootofthehill.n从前，在山脚下住着一位老人。答案：therelived[能力题]Ⅰ.阅读理解ForcenturiesStonehengehasconfusedanddelightedarchaeologistsandvisitors.Somaybeitisnotsurprisingthatanothermonumentalwonderfromprehistoryhasbeenoverlookedforsolong—eventhoughitisjustamileaway.Expertshavediscoveredan“extraordinary”lineoflargestonesthatdatesbackmorethan4,500years.TheareaaroundStonehengeislitteredwithprehistoricsightsbutthe90ormorestones,lying3feetunderground,haveonlyjustbeendiscoveredbyradarequipment.Theburiedstonesareeachupto15feettall.InsteadofbeingarrangedinacircleastheyareatStonehenge,itisthoughttheyonceformedalongstandingline.“WearelookingatoneofthelargeststonemonumentsinEuropeandithasbeenunderournosesforsomethinglike4,000years，”saidProfessorVinceGaffney,fromtheUniversityofBradford,oneofthearchaeologistsleadingtheresearch.“It'strulyremarkable.Wedon'tthinkthere'sanythingquitelikethisanywhereelseintheworld.Thisiscompletelynewandthescaleisextraordinary.”Prof.GaffneybelievesthestonesmayhavebeenplantedbythesamepeoplewhobuiltStonehenge,buthedoubtswhetherthereisadirectlinkbetweenthetwomonuments.Thesestoneswereplacedalongasteepslope,cutintoanaturaldryvalleytoformaCshapedfeature.Preciselywhythestoneswereputthereremainsamystery.Thearchaeologistsbelievethatatsomestagethestoneswerepushedover.Thiswasnotdonetodamagethemonumentbutrathertopreservewhateveritwasaboutthestonesthatseemedsoimportant.“Therewasatransformationinthelandscapethatwedonotunderstand，”Prof.Gaffneysaid.“Thestoneshadsignificance.Thesewerespecialplaces.Societieswereorganized,aswiththegreatcathedrals,tocreatethesethings.”n1．WhathaveexpertsfoundaccordingtoParagraph2?A．Anobservationpost.B．Undergroundstones.C．Anancientcemetery.D．Asacrificialsite.答案：B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Expertshavediscoveredan‘extraordinary’lineoflargestones...lying3feetunderground”可知，专家发现了一些地下的石头，故B项正确。2．WhatcanweknowaboutStonehengefromthepassage?A．Aposthistorywonderconfusedarchaeologistscenturies.B．ThemysteryofStonehengehasbeensolved.C．ThestonesmighthavesomeconnectionswiththeStonehenge.D．Itisthelargeststonemonumentallovertheworld.答案：C　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的内容可知，这些石头与巨石阵可能有某种关系。3．WhichsentenceisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Suchstonemonumentiscommonallaroundtheworld.B．Thestonesmightserveforacertainpurpose.C．Thestoneswereinsertedintoaplain.D．Thestonespushedoverweretoreducetheheightofthemonument.答案：B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Thiswasnotdonetodamagethemonumentbutrathertopreservewhateveritwas...seemedsoimportant.”可知，这些石头可能有某种用途，故选B。Ⅱ.七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Howtolearnaforeignlanguage__1__Thismightsoundobvious,butifyoudon'thaveagoodreasonforlearningalanguage,youarelesslikelytostaymotivatedoverthelongrun.WantingtoimpressEnglishspeakerswithyourFrenchisnotaverygoodreason;wantingtogettoknowaFrenchpersoninhisorherownlanguageisanothermatterentirely.Havefunwithit.Usingyournewlanguageinanywayisacreativeact.Youcanpracticethelanguagebywritingandrecordingsongs.__2__Makingaradioplaywithafriend,writingapoemandtalkingtowhomeveryoucanareallgoodwaystomakeitpleasantntolearnaforeignlanguage.Actlikeakid.Thekeytolearningasquicklyasachildmaybetosimplytakeoncertainchildlikeattitudes.Askids,weareexpectedtomakemistakes,butasadultsmistakesbecometaboo(禁忌).__3__It'sthekeytoprogressinlearningalanguage.Letgoofyourgrownupinhibitions(顾虑)!Listenfrequently.Youmustlearntolookbeforeyoucandraw.We'reabletopronounceanything;it'sjustwe'renotusedtodoingit.__4__Bydoingthis,youcanimaginethroughwhichspecificpartofthemouthorthroatthesoundcouldbeachieved.Talktoyourself.Itmightsoundreallystrange,butactuallyspeakingtoyourselfinalanguageisagreatwaytopracticeifyou'renotabletouseitallthetime.Thiscankeepnewwordsandphrasesfreshinyourmind.__5__A．Knowwhyyouaredoingit.B．Nevergiveuplearningithalfway.C．Admitthatyoudon'tknoweverything.D．Thinkofsomefunwaystopracticeyournewlanguage.E．Youmayfeelconfidentnexttimeyouspeakwithothers.F．Thelearningabilityofanadultisnotnecessarilystrongerthanthatofakid.G．Thebestwaytogoaboutmasteringanewwordisactuallytohearitconstantly.1．A'根据下文“Thismightsoundobvious,butifyoudon'thaveagoodreasonforlearningalanguage,youarelesslikelytostaymotivatedoverthelongrun.”可知，如果没有一个好的理由去学习一门语言，你很可能没法保持动力长久地坚持下去。由此推知，学习一门语言需先想好理由、动机，即知道自己为什么要学。2．D'本段的小标题意为“乐在其中；在学习(语言)过程中享受乐趣”，如何乐在其中？可以通过有趣的方法去练习。另外，本段末句列举了几种能够使学习外语变得有趣的方法，合理地支持了D选项“想出一些练习新语言的有趣的方法”的建议。3．C'根据上文可知，快速学习语言的诀窍是要有小孩子一样的态度。孩子可以犯错，而成年人把犯错当成禁忌。故成年人在学习语言时要勇于承认自己的不足，即我们成年人并非什么都知道，这是取得进步的关键。故选C项。n4．G'本段小标题为“Listenfrequently.”，G选项中的“hearitconstantly”与之相符。另外，将G选项与最后一句联系起来，即：这样做(hearitconstantly)，你就能够在脑海中想象出通过哪个特定的口腔或喉咙器官能够发出这个(你听到的)声音，从而“masteranewword”。5．E　根据文意，如果你不能一直使用某种语言(与人交谈)，那么有一种很好的练习方式就是自言自语。这样做能使新的词汇和短语在你的脑海里保持鲜活记忆。有了练习的经验，再加上积累的词汇和短语，下一次，你和别人交谈的时候，可能就会有自信了。故选E项。Ⅲ.语法填空Untilrecently,Ididn'thaveaveryhealthylifestyle.Iworked__1__apublisherforalargecompanybasedinLondon,__2__Iwasalwaysunderpressuretomeetdeadlinesandgetthebooks__3__(publish).Thescheduleswerereallybusylastyear,andtherewasalotofstressinmyworkinglife.Don'tgetmewrong,myworkingconditionswerefine.Ihadalargeoffice,withabeautifulviewovertheThames.Ihadthe__4__(late)computerandasecretarytoo.Inaddition,Iearnedaverygoodsalary.Theproblemwasthatmyworklifebalancewascompletelywrong.Iwasawayfrommylovelyhomeinthecountryfartoomuch.Andnotonly__5__Iworkverylonghours,butIhadtocommuteintoLondoneverydaybytrain__6__(get)totheoffice.OneFridayevening,afterthejourneyhomehadtakenmefourhoursbecauseof__7__railaccident,IdecidedIhadtogetoutoftheratrace.IfIwantedtoimprovemyqualityoflifeandhavemoretimeformyself,myfamilyandfriends,thenIneededaninetofivejob,__8__wouldgivememorefreetime.NextdayIsawanadforasales__9__(assist)inalocalbookshopandputmyhouseonthemarket.IfIwasgoingtodownshift,thenIneededtomakesomeeconomies—andasmallerhomewasthefirststep.I__10__(work)inthebookshopandlivinginmycottageeversince.1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________9．________　10.________1．as　考查固定短语。workas“担任；以……身份而工作”，为固定短语。2．and/where　考查连词或定语从句的引导词。前后两句用and连接，构成并列句；也可以把其看成一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词company，引导词在从句中作地点状语。3．published　考查非谓语动词。此处为“get＋宾语＋宾补”结构，宾语thenbooks和动词publish之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。4．latest　考查词形转换。根据句意可知用形容词。latest“最新的”。5．did　考查倒装句。notonly位于句首，句子用部分倒装。由本文的基本时态为一般过去时可知，此处应用助动词did。6．toget　考查非谓语动词。此处为不定式作目的状语。7．a　考查冠词。此处是泛指一起交通事故。故填不定冠词a。8．which　考查定语从句的引导词。这是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词job，引导词在从句中作主语。故用which。9．assistant　考查词性转换。salesassistant“销售助理”。10．havebeenworking　考查动词的时态。根据时间状语eversince以及句中的living可知，此空应填现在完成进行时。SectionⅤ　Summary&Writing对应学生用书P23Ⅰ.重点词汇1．consistvi.组成；在于；一致2．consist_of由……组成3．divide...into...把……分成……4．be_unwilling_to_do_sth.不愿做某事5．to_one's_credit为……带来荣誉；值得赞扬6．It_is_convenient_(for_sb.)_to_do_sth.(某人)方便做某事7．attractvt.吸引8．leave_out省去；遗漏；不考虑9．beyond_description难以形容；无法形容10．be_furnished_with安装有；陈设有；配备……11．take_the_place_of代替12．arrangevt.安排；整理；筹备13．arrangeforsb./sth.todo...安排某人/物去做……14．foldvt.折叠；对折15．to_one's_delight令某人高兴的是16．clarifyvt.澄清；阐明17．accomplishvt.完成；达到；实现18．conflictn.矛盾；冲突19．break_away_from挣脱；脱离20．roughadj.粗糙的；粗暴的21．at_one's_convenience在某人方便的时候n22．for_convenience为方便起见Ⅱ.教材原句1．HowmanycountriesdoestheUKconsist_of?英国是由几个部分(国家)组成的？2．NowwhenpeoplerefertoEnglandyoufind_Wales_includedaswell.如今只要有人提起英格兰，你就会发现威尔士也是被包括在内的。3．However,thesouthernpartofIrelandwasunwillingandbroke_awaytoformitsowngovernment.然而，爱尔兰的南部不愿意(组建联合王国)，它分离出去并建立了自己的政府。4．To_their_creditthefourcountriesdoworktogetherinsomeareas(eg,thecurrencyandinternationalrelations),buttheystillhaveverydifferentinstitutions.值得赞扬的是，这四个国家的确在一些方面共同合作(比如，在货币和国际关系方面)，但它们在制度上仍存在着很大的区别。5．Englandisthelargestofthefourcountries,andfor_convenienceitisdividedroughlyintothreezones.在这四个国家中，英格兰是最大的。为方便起见，它大致可以划分为三个地区。6．It_is_a_pity_thattheindustrialcitiesbuiltinthenineteenthcenturydonotattractvisitors.可惜的是这些建于19世纪的工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。7．Allofthewordsbelowcantake_the_place_ofsaid,buttheyareusedunderdifferentconditionsandindifferentsituations.下面所有这些词都能代替动词said，但它们在不同的条件和情形下使用。8．Itlookedsplendidwhen_first_built!刚建成的时候，它看起来真是金碧辉煌！Ⅲ.语法填空Themouseisaneffectivedeviceusedbypeopletocommunicatewithacomputer.Mostpeoplefinditalmostimpossible__1__(operate)acomputerwithoutamouse.First,amouseisreallyhandy,flexibleandconvenient.Onlybysimply__2__(click)canwecompletealotofoperations.Second,thefunctionslikeinserting,movingandcopying__3__(able)ustoedittexts,browsewebpagesanddownload__4__wewant.Usingittoemailpeople,shoponlineandchatwithfriendsisfast.Besides,itcanhelpusenjoyallkindsof__5__(entertain)likemusic,moviesandgames.Everycoinhastwosides.Asaconvenienttool,themousecanmakeourworkmuchn__6__(easy).__7__，usingittoomuchcanalsobenegative.Foronething,__8__maylackforthinkingwithsomuchreadyinformationappearinginfrontofus.Thereadyanswersmaymakeuslazyand__9__(will)tocreatenewthings.Foranother,usingthemousefortoolongwillhurtourwrists.Sowehadbetteruseit__10__(proper)．1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________9．________　10.________1．tooperate　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，it作形式宾语，故空处应填不定式tooperate作真正的宾语。2．clicking　考查非谓语动词。by是介词，后面接名词或动名词作宾语。故填clicking。3．enable　考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语，故应填所给词的动词形式。主语为functions，且全文均用一般现在时描述一种客观现象，故填enable。4．what　考查宾语从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，download后为宾语从句，且从句中缺少want的宾语，故填what，意为“所……的”。5．entertainments　考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处应填所给词的名词形式作enjoy的宾语，结合空前的“allkindsof”可知，应填名词复数形式，故填entertainments。6．easier　考查形容词的比较级。根据语境及空前的much可知，空处应填比较级easier，表示“鼠标使我们的工作(比以前)更容易了。”7．However　考查副词。空前提到鼠标使我们的工作更加容易了，结合空后信息“usingittoomuchcanalsobenegative”可知，空处应填表示转折关系的副词。因空后有逗号，故填However。8．we　考查代词。空处作主语，且对应该句中的us可知，空处应填代词we。9．unwilling　考查词性转换。空处所填词与and前的lazy并列作宾补，且此处表示“不愿意创造新的事物”，故填所给词的形容词形式unwilling。10．properly　考查词性转换。空处所填词修饰动词use，故应用所给词的副词形式properly。Ⅳ.书面表达如何写旅游景点介绍类的文章技法指导旅游景点介绍是说明文的一种。写作时应重点描写该旅游景点的特别之处，突出其特色(如其独特的风景、历史文化、地理风貌、风土人情或名胜古迹等)，n这样才能给人留下深刻的印象。写这类文章时，通常有以下几个步骤：1．整体介绍景点，例如基本的地理位置或人文环境。2．具体介绍其具有代表性的历史故事或突出的人文特色等。3．总结概括以吸引游客去旅游。写作模板Asisknowntoall,________isoneofthe________，locatedin________.Everyyearmillionsofpeoplefromallovertheworldcometo________tovisitit.Itcoversanareaof________.Fromthenorthtothesouth,itmeasuresabout________，and________fromtheeasttothewest.Whileyoupayavisitthere,youcansee________，________and________.Besides,peoplethereare________andthetransportationis________.Ifyouhaveachancetovisitit,youaresuretohaveagoodtimethere.典题演练假设你是李华，你的新西兰笔友Nick将于今年八月来四川旅游，特来信询问有关旅游景点的情况。请根据下表所提供的要点，写一封回信，并表示盼望他的到来。内容包括：旅游资源许多世界著名的风景名胜，如：九寨沟(湖泊：清澈见底；色彩斑斓)、都江堰水利工程(有2,000多年的历史；现在仍在发挥作用)相关信息气候适宜，交通方便注意：1.词数100左右；2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；3．可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：都江堰水利工程DujiangyanIrrigationProjectDearNick，I'mgladtohearthatyou'recomingtoSichuanProvinceinAugust.You'vemadethewisechoicetotravelhere.　　　　　I'mlookingforwardtoyourcoming.nYourssincerely，LiHua[标准范文]Dear_Nick，I'm_glad_to_hear_that_you're_coming_to_Sichuan_Province_in_August._You've_made_the_wise_choice_to_travel_here.SichuanProvinceisrichintouristattractionsandenjoysmanyworldfamousplacesofinterest,suchasJiuzhaigouandDujiangyanIrrigationProject.Jiuzhaigouiswellknownforitsbeautifullakes,ofwhichthewaterisclearandlookscolorful.Itcanarousevisitors'imagination.AnotherattractionisDujiangyanIrrigationProject.Itwasbuiltover2,000yearsagoandisstillplayinganimportantpartinirrigationtoday.Besides,theniceweatherandconvenienttransportationherecanmakeyourtripmoreenjoyable.I'msureyou'llhaveagoodtime.I'm_looking_forward_to_your_coming.Yours_sincerely，Li_Hua对应学生用书P24　　TraditionalChinesecultureisbeginningtocapturetheattentionoftheworld.Kungfu,__1__(especial),hashadagreateffect__2__themillionsofpeoplewhofirstlearnedaboutChinathroughit.Fromthat,theymaycometoChinaandlearnaboutsomeother__3__(aspect)ofthisculture.OtherAsiannationshavelongknownaboutthe__4__(great)ofancientChineseculture.Theirownculturesare__5__mixofnativeonesandthoseChinesecharacteristics.KoreaandJapanlongagoadoptedConfucianism,somethingthatcontinuestodayevenasit__6__(challenge)bypopculture.Thisstrengthcomesfromtheideas__7__(give)intheFourBooksofConfucianism,whichbuiltupontheideasofaneven__8__(much)ancientperiodcodified(编纂)intheFiveClassics.Fromthem,theWestlearns__9__isuniquelynChinese,forexample,fengshui.SofarChinahastakensteps__10__(further)thisspreadofitsculturebyestablishingChineseCulturalCentersinsuchplacesastheUnitedStatesandEurope.1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________9．________　10.________1．especially　考查词性转换。句意：尤其是中国功夫，对于那些通过功夫初次了解中国的成千上万的人来讲，有着非常大的影响。especially“尤其是”，用于强调突出的人或者事情。2．on　考查介词。havea...effectonsb.“对某人有……影响”为固定搭配，故填on。3．aspects　考查名词的复数。句意：他们可能会来到中国，学习了解中国文化的一些其他方面。根据空前的“someother”及aspect作“方面，层面”讲时是可数名词可知，此处应用aspect的复数形式aspects。4．greatness　考查词性转换。句意：其他亚洲国家很早以前就知道古代中国文化的博大。根据空前的“the”及空后的“of”可知，此处应填名词greatness。5．a　考查冠词。句意：这些国家自身的文化是本土文化和中国特色(文化)的混合。mix在此作名词，意为“混合，结合”，是可数名词，且此处表示泛指，故用a。6．ischallenged　考查动词的时态和语态。根据本文的基本时态为一般现在时可知，此处亦用一般现在时；it在此指代上文中的“Confucianism”，和challenge之间为被动关系，且由空后的“bypopculture”可知，应用被动语态。故填ischallenged。7．given　考查非谓语动词。句意：这种力量来自“四书”中所提供的观念。theideas与give之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。8．more　考查形容词的比较级。句意：“四书”是依照“五经”的编纂中所体现的更为早期的思想而著成的。根据句意及空前的“even”可知，此处应用比较级形式，故填more。9．what　考查名词性从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导名词性从句，作learns的宾语，且在从句中作主语，表示“所……的事物”，故用what。10．tofurther　考查非谓语动词。句意：目前，中国已经采取措施进一步推广中国文化。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作目的状语，故应用不定式形式。further在此用作动词，意为“促进，增进”。