2019高中英语unit2sailingtheoceanssectionⅰwarmingup 20页

Unit2SailingtheoceansJamesCookwasbornin1728inMarton，England.Hisfather，aScottishmigrantfarmworker，allowedJamestoworkoncoalcarryingboatsateighteen.Cookspenthisfreetimelearningmathandnavigation.Thisledtohisappointmentasmate(大副)．Searchingforsomethingmoreadventurous，in1755hevolunteeredfortheBritishRoyalNavyandtookpartintheSevenYearsWarandplayedanactivepartinchartingSt.LawrenceRiver，whichhelpedEnglandNavycaptureQuebecfromtheFrench.TheFirstVoyage.Followingthewar，CookwasgiventhemissiontoleadanexpeditiontoobservetherarepassageofVenusacrossthefaceofthesuninordertodeterminetheaccuratedistancebetweentheearthandsun.HesetsailfromEnglandinAugust,1768andstoppedatTahitiwherehedidtheobservation.HeproceededtotheWestIndiesandacrosstheIndianOceantotheCapeofGoodHopeatthesoutherntipofAfrica.TheSecondVoyage.TheRoyalNavypromotedJamesCooktoCaptainfollowinghisreturnandhadanewmissionforhim，tofindtheUnknownSouthernLand.CookledtwoshipsandheadedtoCapeTowninJuly,1772.HeproceededsouthfromAfricaandturnedaroundafterencounteringlargeamountsoffloatingpackice.Actuallyhecamewithin75milesoftheAntarcticaatthattime.ButhefoundnohabitablesoutherncontinentandarrivedbackinBritaininJuly,1775.TheThirdVoyage.TheNavywantedCooktodetermineiftherewasaNorthwestPassage，amythicalwaterwaybetweenEuropeandAsiaacrossthetopofNorthAmerica.CooksetoutinJulyof1776androundedthesoutherntipofAfricaandheadedeastacrosstheIndiannOceanuntilhisnavigationoftheBeringSeawasstoppedbytheimpassibleArcticice.Uponyetagaindiscoveringthatsomethingdidnotexist，hecontinuedhisvoyage.HislaststopwasinFebruary,1779atHawaiiwherehewaskilledinafightwithislandersoverthetheftofaboat.Cook'sexplorationsgreatlyincreasedEuropeanknowledgeoftheworld.Asashipcaptainandskilledcartographer，hefilledinmanygapsonworldmaps.Hiscontributionstoeighteenthcenturysciencehelpedfurtherexplorationanddiscoveryformanygenerations.True(T)orFalse(F)：1．JamesCookledtheBritishRoyalNavyandcapturedQuebecfromtheFrench.(　　)2．TheaimofCook'slastvoyagewastofindaNorthwestPassagebetweenEuropeandAsia.(　　)3．CookwasnamedCaptainafterhisfirstvoyage.(　　)4．CaptainCookdiedinaconflictwiththeHawaiilocalpeople.(　　)答案：1.F　2.T　3.F　4.TSection_ⅠWarming_Up_&_ReadingⅠ.高频单词点击1．explorationn．探险；探测→explorern．探险者；勘探者；考察者→explorev．勘探；探索；调查研究→exploratoryadj.探索的；探究的2．horizonn．地平线；视野→horizontaladj.水平的；与地面平行的；横的→horizontallyadv.水平地；与地面平行地；横地3.acceleratevt.加速；促进→accelerationn．加速→acceleratorn．加速器；油门n4．secureadj.安全的；可靠的→securelyadv.安全地；可靠地→securityn．安全；可靠5．randomadj.任意的；随便的→randomlyadv.随便地；任意地→randomnessn．随便；任意→randomizevt.使随机化6．awkwardadj.难使用的；笨拙的→awkwardlyadv.笨拙地；尴尬地→awkwardnessn．笨拙；尴尬7．simplifyv．使简化；使简易→simplificationn．简化，简化的事物→simplicityn．简单；质朴；方便8．portableadj.便携式的；手提的→portabilityn．轻便9．tendencyn．趋向；倾向；偏好→tendv．趋向；走向→tendentiousadj.倾向性的10．reliableadj.可靠的；可信赖的；可依靠的→reliablyadv.可靠地→reliabilityn．可靠→reliancen．依赖；依靠；信任→relyv．依靠；信赖Ⅱ.重点短语必记1．atthemercyof　　　　受……支配；任……处置2．workout计算出；制订出3．aswellas也4．ratherthan而不是5．inrelationto与……有关；涉及Ⅲ.常用句型必备1．Howdo_you_thinkseamenfoundtheirwaybeforemordernaccuratemethodsofnavigationwereinvented?2．Wemaywellwonderhowseamenexploredtheoceansbeforelatitudeandlongitudemade_it_possible_to_plot_a_ship's_position_on_a_map.3．Thisseemsto_have_beenthefirstandmostusefulformofexplorationwhichcarriedtheminimumamountofrisk.4．Nobodyknewthattheearthmovedwestwards15degreeseveryhour，butsailorsdid_knowanapproximatemethodofcalculatinglongitudeusingspeedandtime.Ⅳ.课文大意理解1．Whendidearlysailorshaveapracticalmethodofmeasuringlongitude?A．The12thcentury.　　　　B．The17thcentury.C．The15thcentury.D．The16thcentury.答案：B2．Whatdoesseaweedlooklikewhenitisnearland?A．Itlooksnice.B．Itlookssmall.nC．Itlooksfresh.D．Itlooksdark.答案：C3．WherearewenowwhentheNorthStarisalongthehorizon?A．Attheequator.B．AttheNorthPole.C．AttheSouthPole.D．Atsea.答案：A4．Fromthereadingwehavelearned________.A．whyearlyseamenwantedtosailthesevenseasB．thatthereisusefulinformationinanencyclopediaC．thatearlysailorswentexploringtheseasusingtheirskillsandsimpleinstrumentsD．whylatitudeandlongitudeareimportanttoplotaship'sposition答案：C5．Themainideaofthispassageisabout________.A．thatkeepingalongsidethecoastlineisfirstandmostusefulformofexplorationB．theskillsandnavigationalaidsearlyseamenusedwhilesailingtheoceansC．thatfindinglongitudeandlatitudeisamusttoplotaship'spositiononamapD．howtheearlysailorsusedtheirskillsandsimpleinstruments答案：BⅤ.根据课文改错1．Wemaywellwonderhowseamenexploredtheoceansbeforelatitudeandlongitudemadepossibletoplotaship'spositiononamap.________________________________________________________________________答案：made后加it2．Thereisaspecialcloudformationwhichindicatesthereislandclose.________________________________________________________________________答案：close后加by3．Sailorsoftensawseamenintheseaandcouldtellthroughthecolourandsmellhowlongithadbeenthere.________________________________________________________________________答案：through改为by4．Seabirdscouldbeusedtoshowingthewaytolandwhenitwasnowheretonbeseen.________________________________________________________________________答案：showing改为show5．Anearlymethodofmeasuringspeedinvolvedthrowingaknottedropetyingtoalogoverthesideoftheship.________________________________________________________________________答案：tying改为tiedⅥ.课文缩写填空Thisreadingexplainshowseamen__1__theoceansandwhatkindofnavigational__2__wereusedtosailorsbeforetheseventeenthcenturywhentheywere__3__theopenseaswithoutseeingland.The__4__oftravellersbeforethe17thcenturyshowthattheywerenotatthe__5__oftheseaeventhoughtheydidnothavemodernnavigationalaids.Theseamencoulduse__6__bodies，wildlife，theweatherortheseatokeep__7__thecoastline.Theycouldalsousethe__8__tohelpfindthedirectionthattheshipneedstogo.Theycouldusethe__9__circletomeasurethesun'spositionandtelliftheyweresailingontheircorrectratherthanarandomcourse.Whiletheastrolabe，thequadrantandthesextantcouldhelpgivetheseamenthelocaltimeandallowedthemtofindtheir__10__atsea.答案：1.explored　2.instruments　3.navigating　4.voyages　5.mercy　6.celestial　7.alongside　8.compass　9.Bearing　10.latitude[单词点击]1．voyagen．[C]航海，航行ThevoyagefromEnglandtoIndiausedtotakesixmonths.过去从英国航行到印度要用6个月。goon/make/takeaseavoyage　　去航海旅行voyagern.航海者，航行者Thisshipwillmakeanaroundtheworldvoyage.这艘船要做一次环球航行。trip，journey，travel，tour，voyage(1)trip是一个用得极为广泛的词，多指短距离的旅行，也可表示“远足”，makeatrip＝makeajourney表示“旅行”。haveatrip也是“旅行”，be/goonantrip表示“在旅行”。TheboattripdowntheAmazonwasgreat.沿亚马逊河乘船而下的旅程感觉真棒。(2)journey多指远距离陆上旅行。come/goonajourney来/去旅行sendsb.onajourney送某人旅行Wehadalongjourneyaheadofus.我们前面的旅程还很长。(3)travel“旅行，游历(用单数形式，不加定冠词)”。指“(国外的)游历、游记”时常用复数形式，但前不加many或数词修饰。它也可以用作动词。Foreigntravelneverreallyappealedtohimuntilheretired.他到退休后才真正对出国旅行产生了兴趣。(4)tour“周游，旅游，观光”，指周游若干地方，有一定的旅行路线，最后又回到出发地点。Wewentona10daytourofcentralAfrica.我们到中非游玩了10天。(5)voyage强调较远距离的水上、空中旅行。Thisisavoyageofexploration.这是一次探索之旅。“旅游”妙辨口诀长途陆路用journey，短途短期用trip；观光游玩用tour，海上航行用voyage；travel用法最普遍，特别用于指“游记”。用voyage，trip，tour，journey与travel填空　(1)Doyoulikeaday's________？(2)We'llmakeasightseeing________nextweek.(3)Theywentonalongtrain________acrossIndia.(4)Thenovelisbasedonhis________alongtheSilkRoad.(5)TheTitanicsankonitsmaiden________.答案：(1)trip　(2)tour　(3)journey　(4)travels　(5)voyage2．mercy(1)n.[U]仁慈；宽恕Theyshowednomercytotheirhostages.他们对人质丝毫不讲仁慈。n(2)n.[C]幸运；恩惠It'samercythattheexplosionhappenedafterthetheatre.爆炸发生在散戏以后，真是不幸中之大幸。atone'smercy　　　　　在某人的支配和摆布之下宽恕或怜悯某人withoutmercy毫不留情地It'samercythat...……真是幸运Wehadnochoiceandhadtobeatthemercyofthesea.我们别无选择，只好任由大海的摆布。Shetreatedherstepsonwithoutmercy.她毫不留情地对待她的继子。　(1)Wewere________________________(拿天气没办法)．(2)______________(幸运的是)shewasn'tseriouslyhurt.(3)Weshow______________(决不怜悯)theenemiesofthepeople.答案：(1)atthemercyoftheweather　(2)It'samercythat　(3)nomercyto3．minimum(1)n.[C]最小量，最小数，最低限度，最小值Youmustgetaminimumof40questionsrighttopasstheexamination.你最少必须答对40道题才能通过考试。Theminimumpassmarkintheexaminationsis60outof100.考试的最低及格分数是100分中答对60分。(2)adj.最小的，最少的，最低的aminimumcharge/price最低收费/价格最大值与最小值[数字]上面两词的复数是变um为a或直接加s。　　(1)Theworkwasdonewith__________________________(没费什么劲)．(2)Theclassneeds________________________________(最少6名学生)tocontinue.(3)As__________________________(绝对最低要求)，youshouldspendtwohoursontheeveningstudying.n答案：(1)theminimumamountofeffort　(2)aminimumofsixstudents　(3)anabsoluteminimum4．horizonn．[C]地平线；(常pl.)视野，眼界，见识Thesunsankbelowthehorizon.太阳落到了地平线下。onthehorizon　　　　很可能即将发生；已露端倪broadenone'shorizons开阔某人的眼界Shewantedtotraveltobroadenherhorizons.她想旅行，以开阔眼界。　(1)HewassenttoAmerica____________________(为了开阔视野)．(2)Afinancialcrisisis__________________(即将爆发)．答案：(1)tobroadenhishorizons　(2)onthehorizon5．nowhereadv.无处，任何地方都不；无目的；无结果Heisnowheretobeseen.任何地方都见不着他。Thatwilltake(get)younowhere.你那样做不会成功的。(那会使你一事无成)。nowherenear　　　　离……很远benowhere一无所得，一事无成nowhere为否定副词，放于句首时，句子要用倒装语序。Iregrettotellyouthatnowhereisthebooktobefound.我很遗憾地告诉你这本书在任何地方都找不着了。　Nowhere________policymoreapparentthaninagriculture.A．istheeffectofgovernmentB．theeffectofgovernmentisC．aretheeffectofgovernmentD．theeffectofgovernmentare解析：选A　nowhere为否定副词，放于句首时，句子要用倒装语序，此句子的主语为theeffectofgovernmentpolicy，所以句子的谓语要用单数。6．secure(1)adj.安全的，可靠的；无忧虑的，安心的(from)It'sluckythatourhouseissecurefromflood.n很幸运我们的房子没有被淹的危险。Atlasttheywereabletofeelsecureaboutthefuture.他们终于觉得不必为将来而担忧了。(2)vt.使安全，保卫(from)Somemeasuresareneededtosecurethebankfromaflood.这道堤防需要采取一些措施，免得被洪水冲坏。securelyadv.　　　　　牢固地，稳固地securityn.保护措施，保安部门　(1)安装了锁和防护栏后，窗户很安全了，能避免小偷偷东西。Thewindows____________________thieveswithlocksandbars.(2)She'dallowedherselfinto________________________(一种虚假的安全感中)．答案：(1)weresecuredfrom　(2)afalsesenseofsecurity7．preciseadj.准确的，精确的，明确的，细致的，认真的Canyougiveamoreprecisedefinitionoftheword?你能给这个词下个更确切的定义吗？Doctorsfoundithardtoestablishtheprecisenatureofherillness.医生们难以判定她的确切病因。tobe(more)precise　　(更)确切地说，(更)准确地说preciselyadv.准确地，恰好地moreprecisely更确切地说，更严格地说Thisroomisabout20sqms—well,19.5sqms，tobemoreprecise.这个房间约20平方米，嗯，更确切地说，19.5平方米。accurate，precise，exact(1)accurate准确的，无误的(＝correct，freeofmistake)。Weneedtogetmoreaccurateinformation.我们需要得到一些更准确的情报。(2)precise精密的，精确的(＝exactinform，detail，measurements，time，etc)。Thereisnoprecisedefinitionofastorm.对暴风雨没有确切的定义。(3)exact确切的，准确的[＝correctandwithoutmistake(ofthingsthatcanbemeasured)]。nSheledrescuerstotheexactspotwheretheinjuredclimberwaslying.她把援救人员领到受伤的登山者所躺的准确位置。注意：precise，correct，exact都不用来形容天气预报。　　Theshelfisaboutametrelong.Well,98cm，________.A．preciseB．preciselyC．tobepreciseD．tobeprecisely解析：选C　tobeprecise为一固定搭配，意为“确切地说，准确地说”。8．simplifyv．使简化，使简易Theapplicationformshavenowbeensimplified.申请表格现已简化了。Ihopehisappointmentwillsimplifymatters.我希望他被任命以后事情会好办一些。simplificationn．简化，简化的事物simplicityn．简单(性)，质朴，简单之处，方便[形]simple简单的complicated复杂的[动]simplify简化complicate使复杂化[形]simple单一的complex复杂的，合成的[名]simplicity简易性complexity复杂性　(1)Complaintshaveledto__________________________(规则简化)．(2)Thisisakindof________________________________(故事简写本)foryoungchildren.答案：(1)(a)simplificationofrules　(2)simplifiedversionofthestory9．updatev．使现代化，更新，向……提供信息It'shightimeweupdatedoursoftware.我们的软件应该更新了。updatesb.onsth.　　　向……提供最新信息updateonsth.关于……的最新情况uptodate最新的Icalledtheofficetoupdatethemontheday'sdevelopments.我给办公室打电话告诉他们当天最新的发展。n　　Hewrotealettertomeandupdatedme________therecentactivitiesofhimself.A．withB．toC．ofD．on解析：选D　updatesb.onsth.为一固定表达，意为“向……提供最新信息”，符合语境。[短语精析]1．workout算出，制定出，处理，解决，锻炼It'llworkoutcheapertotravelbybus.算起来还是乘公共汽车旅游便宜些。Canyouworkouttheproblem?你能处理这个问题吗？Icouldn'tworkoutwherethemusicwascomingfrom.我弄不清这音乐是从哪里传来的。Ihaveworkedoutanewwayofdoingit.我想出了做这事的一个新方法。outofwork　　　　　失业atwork在工作；上班Hehasbeenoutofworkformonths.他失业已经好几个月了。workat，workon，workout(1)workat“从事于，致力于”，强调从事创新活动，可与hard搭配。(2)workon“从事于，致力于”，强调恪守不变的持续性；一般只用于进行时或完成时。(3)workout“解出，算出”，强调结果。　　(1)Shewasworking________herhairinfrontofthemirror.　(2)Youshouldwork________aplanforstudyassoonaspossible.(3)Ifhegoesonworkinghard________hislessons，he'llsurelymakeprogress.(4)Theyareworking________areportoftheexperiment.(5)Iwillhavetowork________tillthereportisready.n答案：(1)on　(2)out　(3)at　(4)on　(5)on2．beusedtodosth.被用来做某事Clothisusedtomakeclothes.布料被用来做衣服。get/becomeusedto(doing)sth.　　　　　　　　　逐渐习惯于(做)某事usedto过去常常(做某事)Thereusedtobe...过去常常有……beusedfor...被用于……beusedas被当作……来用Thisroomisusedforreading.这个房间用于阅读。Don'tbeusedasatoolbyothers.别让他人把你当作工具而使用。Thereusedtobeanoldbridgeovertheriver.以前在这条河上有座古老的桥。usedtodo，beusedto，beusedtodo(1)usedtodo表过去习惯化的动作或经常存在的状态。Iusedtogotoofficeonfoot.过去我步行去上班。(2)be/get/becomeusedto...表示“习惯于……”，to为介词，后接(动)名词。I'vegotusedtolivinginthecountryside.我习惯于住在乡下。(3)beusedtodo为被动语态，表示被用来干某事。Thisbigboxisusedtoholdallherbooks.这个大箱子用来盛她所有的书籍。　　Thecountrylifehewasusedto________greatlysince1992.A．changeB．haschangedC．changingD．havechanged解析：选B　hewasusedto在句中作定语，修饰life，to的宾语是引导宾语从句的that，省略了，所填答案是句子的谓语。3．inrelationto关于，和……相比Ihavesomecommentstomakeinrelationtothismatter.关于这件事我有几点看法。nItsbrainissmall，inrelationtoitsbody.和它的身体相比，它的大脑很小。havegoodrelationswith　与……保持着良好的关系bearnorelationto与……没有关系berelatedto与……有关Theyhavegoodrelationswiththeirneighbours.他们与邻居关系融洽。　　　(1)Ihavenothingfurthertosay______________________(关于)thismatter.(2)Theconference________________(与……有关)environmentalprotection.答案：(1)inrelationto　(2)isrelatedto[句型归纳]1．Howdo_you_thinkseamenfoundtheirwaybeforemodernaccuratemethodsofnavigationwereinvented？你认为在现代准确的航海技术发明之前水手们是怎样航行的？本句是含有doyouthink的双重疑问句；其结构为：特殊疑问词＋doyouthink＋其他成分。Whichdoyouthinkwaseasiertoworkout；latitudeorlongitude？你认为经度和纬度哪一个更容易算出来？(1)用该句式结构的动词除think外，还有believe，suppose等。(2)doyouknow后接特殊疑问句时不需要把特殊疑问词提前。　　________difficultinlearningEnglish?A．WhatdoyouthinkisB．WhatyouthinkisC．WhatisyouthinkD．Whatisdoyouthink解析：选A　在含有Ithink为插入语的句子变为特殊疑问句时，其结构为：疑问词＋doyouthink＋其他成分。2．Wemaywellwonderhowseamenexploredtheoceansbeforelatitudeandlongitudemade_it_possible_to_plot_a_ship's_position_on_a_map.我们很可能感到奇怪，在经纬度被用来在地图上标出船只位置之前，海员是如何对海洋进行探索的。句中make后的it为形式宾语，代替不定式toplotaship'spositiononanmap；possible为宾语补足语；不定式为真正的宾语。类似用法的动词还有find,consider,think等。SometimesheconsidersitveryhardtogetalongwithFellows.有时他觉得很难与弗洛斯相处。Shesoonfounditpossibletodothisregularly.很快她发现经常干这事是有可能的。　　你所做的使得我能从容地提前完成此事。Whatyoudid______________________forme________itaheadoftime.答案：madeiteasy；tofinish3．Thisseemsto_have_beenthefirstandmostusefulformofexplorationwhichcarriedtheminimumamountofrisk.这似乎已是最早的、最有用的探险方式，所冒的风险也最小。tohavedone为不定式的完成时态，表示发生在谓语动词所表达的动作之前的动作。动词不定式的完成时态的被动式为tohavebeendone。Wewereproudtohavefoundthecavecarvings.我们为我们发现了岩洞雕刻而感到骄傲。It'snotlikehertohavemissedtwodaysofclasses.缺两天课这样的事不像是她干的。HeissaidtohavebeenappointedtogotoAfrica.据说他已被派往非洲。　　Robertissaid________abroad，butIdon'tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A．tohavestudiedB．tostudyC．tobestudyingD．tohavebeenstudying解析：选A　通过后半句中的宾语从句whatcountryhestudiedin用了过去式可知，Robert在国外学习是过去的事，所以用不定式的完成式。4．Nobodyknewthattheearthmovedwestwards15degreeseveryhour，butsailorsdid_knowanapproximatemethodofcalculatinglongitudeusingspeedandtime.以前没有人知道地球每小时向西移15度，然而海员们确实知道用速度和时间来计算经度的近似标准的方法。本句中know前面的did用来表示强调。通常一般现在时强调谓语动词需要在动词的前面加do(第三人称单数用does)，一般过去时中，在动词前加did。nDocomeherethisevening.今晚一定要来。Hedidwritetoyoulastweek.上周他确实给你写信了。Tomdoesstudyhardnow.现在汤姆确实学习很努力。　　However，anterribleaccident________yesterday.A．didhappenB．doeshappenC．happensD．dohappen解析：选A　由句中的时间状语yesterday可知A项正确。didhappen为谓语的强调形式。Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Therailwayrun________(沿着)theroad.答案：alongside2．________(探测)ofthesolarsystembeganinthe19thcentury.答案：Exploration3．Theprojectwilltakesixmonths，asanabsolute________(最小量)．答案：minimum4．Travellinghasreallyhelpedtoexpandher________(眼界)．答案：horizon5．Alargewhitebirdflewsilently________(在头顶上)．答案：overhead6．Theincreasedcapitalcouldgreatlya________economicdevelopment.答案：accelerate7．Theimportantthingisthatchildrenfeels________aboutbeingloved.答案：secure8．Thesentencesarenumberedforeaseofr________.答案：reference9．Inspiteofallhers________，she'sstillthebestteachertheschoolhas.答案：shortcomings10．TheEnglishinthisstoryhasbeens________tomakeiteasiertounderstand.n答案：simplifiedⅡ.选词填空1．Women'searningsarestillverylow____________________men's.答案：inrelationto2．Thesunisrising____________________.答案：onthehorizon3．UNnegotiatorshave________________asetofcompromiseproposal.答案：workedout4．Ithinkyou'dcallitalecture________________atalk.答案：ratherthan5．Theywerelostatsea，________________________windandweather.答案：atthemercyofⅢ.完成句子1．Youmayget__________________________________(最少40英镑)aweekdoingthisjob.答案：aminimumof￡402．Thekeywas______________________(到处都找不到)．答案：nowheretobefound3．He's________________(很笨)thathekeepsdroppingthings.答案：soawkward4．It's________________(是不可靠的)tojudgeamanonlybyhislooks.答案：notreliable5．Thevictimwasableto____________________________(确切地描绘)ofthesuspect.答案：giveaprecisedescriptionⅣ.句型转换1．Inadditiontogene，intelligencealsodependsonanadequatediet，agoodeducationandadecenthomeenvironment.____________________gene，intelligencealsodependsonanadequatediet，agoodeducationandadecenthomeenvironment.答案：Aswellas2．Aftercalculatingforalongtimehefiguredoutasum.Aftercalculatingforalongtimehe________________asum.答案：workedoutn3．Scienceandtechnologyhasenabledmodernindustriestodevelopquickly.Scienceandtechnologyhas______________________modernindustriestodevelopquickly.答案：madeitpossiblefor4．Thestudentwhoisdressedinwhiteismydaughter.Thestudent________________________ismydaughter.答案：inwhite5．Ihavealottosayconcerningthataffair.Ihavealottosay____________________thataffair.答案：inrelationtoⅤ.单项填空1．Carsmovedveryslowlyinthe1930s，butthey________fasterthaninthe1920s.A．weremoving　　　　　　　　B．didmoveC．hadmovedD．wouldmove解析：选B　由时间状语inthe1930s可知，陈述的是过去的事实，所以用一般过去时，didmove为谓语动词的强调形式。2．Maybeyouhavebeentomanycountries，butnowhereelse________suchabeautifulpalace.A．canyoufindB．youcouldfindC．youcanfindD．couldyoufind解析：选A　本题考查由nowhere引导的倒装句，故先排除B、C两项；前半句用了现在完成时，说明后面的句子是其造成的结果，故应用一般现在时。故选A项。3．Ourcompanyhasshowna(n)________totakeoff.A．tendencyB．interestC．intentionD．tenancy解析：选A　showatendencytodosth.意为“表现出做……的趋向”。4．It'stimethatwe________ourfurniture.A．updateB．updatedC．updatesD．wouldupdate解析：选B　It'stimethat...句型中，that从句中要用虚拟语气，其谓语形式为“should＋动词原形”或“过去式”，所以B项正确。5．Theproblemisduetodisciplineor，________thelackofdiscipline，inschools.nA．preciseB．preciselyC．morepreciseD．tobemoreprecise解析：选D　tobemoreprecise为固定表达，常用作插入状语，意为“更确切地说，更严格地说”。6．Iknowit'smyfault,soIcan'tthrowmyself________yourmercy.A．toB．atC．onD．with解析：选C　throwoneselfonsb.'smercy为习语搭配，意为“指望某人能善待自己，请求某人的宽恕”。7．Ashipappeared________thehorizon,butsoonwelostsightofit.A．atB．overC．onD．above解析：选C　onthehorizon为固定表达，意为“在地平线上，即将发生”。8．Heseems________thegoodnews，forhelookssohappy.A．toknowB．tobeknowingC．tohaveknownD．tobeknown解析：选C　tohaveknown为不定式的完成时，表示动作发生在谓语动词以前，符合此处句意。9．________answertheteacher'squestiononverbs?A．DoyouknowhowcanweB．HowdoyouknowcanweC．DoyouthinkhowwecanD．Howdoyouthinkwecan解析：选D　doyouthink为插入语，通常用于特殊疑问词之后，后面的句子要用陈述句语序。10．Idon'tthink________possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A．thisB．thatC．itsD．it解析：选D　it为形式宾语，代替不定式，不定式为真正的宾语，possible为形容词作宾补。Ⅵ.阅读理解Scientistsusedtoexplorethesurfaceoftheocean.Nowtheyareexploringbelowthesurface，too.Theywanttoknowaboutoceanwaterandtheplantandanimallifendeepintheocean.In1934thescientistWilliamBeebedived3,000feetbelowthesurfaceinahollowsteelball.In1960hissonJeandivedtoadepthof35,800feet.Alltheseearlydivesweredeep.Butthediverscouldnotstaydownforverylong.Theyhadtocomebackuptosurfaceafterafewseconds.Scientistsneededtostaydownlongertostudylifebelowsurface.Graduallytheysucceeded.Cousteau，aFrenchman，wasabletokeepmendowntoadepthof36feetforonemonthandtoadepthof90feetforaweek.Nowscientistsaredevelopingevenbetterequipment.Withthisnewequipment，mencanstaybelowthesurfacefordaysorevenweeks.In1962Cousteausetuparesearchstation35feetbelowthesurface.Then，in1964，hesetupanotherstationontheoceanflooroftheRedSea.Thiswasthefirstunderseastationtooperatewithouthelpfromthesurface.Manycountriesarenowstudyingundersealiving.TheformerSovietUnionhasanundersealaboratoryintheCrimeanSea.TheUnitedStateshasalaboratory50feetdownontheoceanfloorofftheVirginIsland.In1970fivemenlivedtherefortwoweeks.Thenateamoffivewomenscientistsstayedinthelaboratory.Nextcameotherteamsofmen.Allweretheretoexploretheoceandepthsandtomakeplansfortheuseofitsresources.Scientistshopetofindenoughmineral，vegetable，andanimalwealththeretoprovidefoodfortheentireworld.1．Inorderto________，scientistsareexploringbelowthesurfaceoftheocean.A．knowabouttheoceanwaterdeepintheoceanB．staydownlongertostudylifeoftheplantandanimalbelowthesurfaceC．knowabouttheplantandanimallifedeepintheoceanD．BothAandC解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，D项包括了A项和C项的内容，这正是科学家探测海洋深处的目的。2．Whosetupthefirstunderseastation?A．AFrenchman.B．AnAmerican.C．ARussian.D．Thepassagemadenomention.n解析：选A　细节理解题。第四段告诉我们，最早建立海底站的是法国人Cousteau。3．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A．Theearlydiverscouldnotstaydownforverylong.B．Uptonowonlyfivewomenscientistshavestayedintheundersealaboratory.C．Thepurposeofsettinguptheundersealaboratoriesistomakeplansfortheuseoftheresourcesintheocean.　D．Noneoftheaboveistrue.解析：选A　细节理解题。由第三段第二句可知，A项正确。4．Theauthorwantstotellus________.A．thatscientiststrytoexploretheoceandepthsB．thatscientiststrytomakeuseofresourcesintheocean　C．aboutthesecretoftheplantandanimallifeintheocean　D．BothAandB.解析：选D　细节理解题。由第一段第二句可知A项正确；由最后一段倒数第二句可知B项正确。故选D项。