2019高中英语unit7theseasectionⅰwarm_up 13页

Unit7TheSeaKillerwhaleshavethesecondheaviestbrainsamongmarinemammals(afterSpermwhales,whichhavethelargestbrainofanyanimal).Theycanbetrainedincaptivity(囚禁；关押)andareoftendescribedasintelligent,althoughdefiningandmeasuring“intelligence”isdifficultinaspecieswhoseenvironmentandbehavioralstrategiesareverydifferentfromthoseofhumans.Killerwhalesimitateothers,andseemtodeliberatelyteachskillstotheirkin.OfftheCrozetIslands,motherspushtheircalvesontothebeach,waitingtopulltheyoungsterbackifneeded.Peoplewhohaveinteractedcloselywithkillerwhalesoffernumerousanecdotesdemonstrating(证明)thewhales'curiosity,playfulness,andabilitytosolveproblems.AlaskankillerwhaleshavenotonlylearnedhowtostealfishfromIonglines,butalsohaveovercomeavarietyoftechniquesdesignedtostopthem,suchastheuseofunrated(未分级的；未征税的)linesasdecoys.Once,fishermenplacedtheirboatsseveralmilesapart,takingturnsretrieving(恢复；取回)smallamountsoftheircatch,inthehopethatthewhaleswouldnothaveenoughtimetomovebetweenboatstostealthecatchasitwasbeingretrieved.Aresearcherdescribedwhathappenednext:Thekillerwhale'suseofdialectsandthepassingofotherlearnedbehavioursfromgenerationtogenerationhavebeendescribedasaformofanimalculture.nSection_ⅠWarmup__&_Lesson_1_—_Prereading　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　VIKINGVOYAGES①TOAMERICATheVikings②werethefirstEuropeanstoreachAmerica③.Theyachieved④thislongbefore⑤Columbuseversetsail⑥.TheVikingswereagroupofpeoplewhoseancestors⑦camefromScandinavia⑧.TheycontrolledtheseasandcoastsofNorthernEuropebetweenthe8thand10thcenturiesAD⑨.Byaround900AD,thereweremanyplacesinNorthernEuropewheretheVikingschosetolive⑩.In982AD,whenamancalledErictheRed⑪decidedtosetsailfurther⑫west,therewereasmanyas10,000VikingslivinginIceland⑬.①voyage/'vɔIIdʒ/n．航海；航空②Viking/'vaIkIŋ/n．维京人，北欧海盗③名词中心词被序数词或thelast等修饰时，其后通常用动词不定式作后置定语。④achievevt.实现，到达　achievementn．成就，功绩⑤longbefore很久以前　beforelong不久以后⑥setsail启航⑦ancestor/'ænsεstə/n．祖先，祖宗⑧whose引导的定语从句，修饰agroupofpeople。⑨ADn．公元　BCn．公元前⑩where引导的定语从句，修饰NorthernEurope。⑪过去分词作后置定语。⑫further/'fɜːðə/adv.更远，较远further是far的比较级。⑬现在分词短语作后置定语。北欧海盗航行到美洲[第1～2段译文]北欧海盗是第一批到达美洲的欧洲人。早在哥伦布启航之前，他们就已经到达那里了。n北欧海盗的祖先来自斯堪的纳维亚半岛。公元8世纪到10世纪期间，他们控制着北欧海面和沿海地区。大约到公元900年，北欧很多地方都有海盗居住。公元982年，一个叫埃里克·雷德的人决定向西远航。此时，冰岛生活着多达10000名北欧海盗。Accordingto⑭theoldstoriesofIcelandandNorway，ErictheRedwasforcedtoleaveIcelandbecausehehadcommittedamurder，⑮forwhichhegotintotrouble⑯.EricreachedGreenlandanddiscoveredthatpeoplecouldliveintheplacewherehelanded.HereturnedtoIcelandandtoldpeoplethereaboutGreenland.Hepersuaded⑰somepeopletogobackwithhimtoGreenland.Ericsetsailonceagain，thistimewith25ships，ofwhichonly14madeitto⑱Greenland⑲.NotlongafterErictheRedhadlandedinGreenland⑳，amancelledBiarnisetsailfromIcelandinsearchofEric'sparty.BiarniwashopingtojoinhisfatherwhowaswithEric,buthewasblownoffcourseandfoundhimselfinanunknownland，fromwhereheeventuallyreachedGreenland.⑭accordingto根据，依照⑮forwhich引导非限制性定语从句，for表示原因，which指代先行词amurder。⑯getintotrouble陷入麻烦，陷入困境⑰persuade/pə'sweId/vt.说服，劝服persuadesb.todosth.＝persuadesb.intodoingsth.说服、劝服某人做某事⑱makeitto到达　makeit获得成功，准时到达⑲ofwhich引导非限制性定语从句。⑳Notlongafter此处引导时间状语从句，意为“……后不久”。insearchof寻找，寻求blowoff吹离，吹掉　blowaway吹走，驱散coursen．航线，路线，方向“findoneself＋介词短语”表示“发现自己处于某种状态”。unknown/ˌʌn'nəʊn/adj.不知道的，未知的eventually/I'ventʃʊəli/adv.最终，终于fromwhere引导定语从句，修饰anunknownland。[第3～4段译文]根据冰岛和挪威的传说，埃里克·雷德因为一起谋杀案而被迫离开冰岛。埃里克到达格陵兰岛后，发现他登陆的地方可以居住。他返回冰岛，n告诉人们有关格陵兰岛的事情，并说服一些人与他一起回到了格陵兰岛。埃里克再次启航驶往格陵兰岛。这一次有25艘船与他同行，但其中只有14艘最终到达了格陵兰岛。埃里克·雷德登上格陵兰岛后不久，一个叫比阿尼的人就从冰岛起航寻找埃里克一行人。比阿尼希望找到和埃里克在一起的父亲，但是他被风吹离了航线，结果发现自己在一个不知名的地方，从那里他最终到达了格陵兰岛。　　Intheyear1002,whenErictheRed'ssonLeifwasplanningatripfurtherwest,BiarniwasthemanwithwhomLeifdiscussedhisplans.LeiffollowedBiarni'sdirectionsandsailedtowhatisbelievedtobethecoastofpresentdayCanada.HethensailedfurthersouthtoanislandwhichisnowknownasNewfoundland.WeknowaboutErictheRedandLeif'sdeedsthroughstorieswhichwerewrittendowncenturieslaterinNorwayandIceland.TheyarethefirstrecordswehaveofEuropeanssailingtotheAmericas.,followone'sdirections依照某人的指点bebelievedtobe被认为是presentday/ˌpreznt'deI/adj.当今的，现代的beknownas作为……而出名befamousas作为……而出名deed/diːd/n．行为，行动doagooddeed做一件好事Europeanssailing...是动名词的复合结构。Europeans是sailing的逻辑主语。[第5～6段译文]1002年，埃里克·雷德的儿子利夫打算继续向西航行，他和比阿尼一同商量他的西行计划。利夫依照比阿尼的指点，航行到据认为是现在的加拿大海岸的地方。然后他继续南行至一个现在叫纽芬兰的岛屿。我们从挪威和冰岛记载下来并流传几个世纪的故事中得知埃里克·雷德和利夫的事迹。他们是记载中最早航行到达美洲的欧洲人。PrereadingPleasematchthewordswiththeirpropermeanings.1．spirit　　　　　　　　　A．不知道的，未知的2．voyageB．令人惊恐的，骇人的n3．ancestorC．水手，海员4．eventuallyD．说服，劝服5．deedE．道歉6．journeyF．精神7．lectureG．探险家8．brakeH．祖先，祖宗9．explorerI．制动器，刹车10．unknownJ．最终，终于11．frighteningK．航海；航空12．sailorL．行为，行动13．persuadeM．讲授，演讲14．apologiseN．旅行，旅程1～5　_________　6～10　_________　11～14　________答案：1～5　FKHJL　6～10　NMIGA　11～14　BCDELeadinMatchthefollowingnavigatorswiththeirmainsailingexperiences.A．saileddirectlyfromEuropetoIndiaB．ledsevenexpeditionstowhattheChinesecalled“theWesternOcean”(IndianOcean)C．ledtogeneralEuropeanawarenessoftheAmericancontinentsD．sailedaroundthesouthernmosttipofAfricain14881～4　________答案：1～4　CBADWhilereadingTrue(T)orFalse(F)．1．ColumbusreachedAmericaearlierthantheVikings.__F__2．TheancestorsoftheVikingswerefromScandinavia.__T__3．ErictheReddecidedtosetsailfurtherwestin900AD.__F__4．ErictheRedleftIcelandbecausehehadcommittedamurder.__T__n5．AllofEric'stwentyfiveshipsreachedGreenlandsuccessfully.__F__6．LeifchosedifferentdirectionsfromBiarni'sandsailedtoCanada.__F__Readthetextandchoosethebestanswers.1．It'ssaidthatErictheRedgotintotrouble________.A．whenheleftGreenlandB．whenhereachedGreenlandC．whenhecommittedamurderD．whenhereturnedtoIceland2．AfterErictheReddiscoveredGreenland，________.A．peoplestartedtoliveonthatislandB．hethoughtpeoplecouldn'tliveonitC．somepeoplewentbackwithhimtoGreenlandD．hesetsailfurtherwest3．Whodoes“he”inline23referto?A．ErictheRed.　　　　　B．Biarni.C．Biarni'sfather.D．Eric'sfather.4．WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．BiarnisailedtoNewfoundlandwithLeif.B．NewfoundlandliesnorthtoCanada.C．NopeoplelivedinNewfoundlandwhenLeifdiscoveredit.D．Biarni'sdirectionswereofgreatusetoLeif.5．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．HowtheVikingsdiscoveredAmerica.B．ThelifeofVikingsinScandinavia.C．ErictheRed'slifestory.D．OldstoriesabouttheVikings.答案：1～5　CCBDAStudyreadingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．AccordingtotheoldstoriesofIcelandandNorway,ErictheRedwasforcedtoleaveIcelandbecausehehadcommittedamurder,forwhichhegotintotrouble.[句式分析]n[尝试翻译]　根据冰岛和挪威的传说，埃里克·雷德因为一起谋杀案而被迫离开冰岛。2．BiarniwashopingtojoinhisfatherwhowaswithEric,buthewasblownoffcourseandfoundhimselfinanunknownland,fromwhereheeventuallyreachedGreenland.[句式分析][尝试翻译]　_比阿尼希望找到和埃里克在一起的父亲，但是他被风吹离了航线，结果发现自己在一个不知名的地方，从那里他最终到达了格陵兰岛。Ⅰ.阅读理解AAbout97%oftheworld'swaterissaltyandisfoundinouroceansandseas.But,aswecan'tdrinkseawater,howcanitbeimportant?Everypartofourseasandoceanscontainsanamazingnumberofanimalsandfishthatliveatdifferentoceandepths.Mostofthedifferentspeciesofanimalsandfishdependonsimpleplantsfortheirfood.Thesesimpleplantscalledalgae(海藻)driftnearthesurfaceoftheoceanandusesunlighttoturncarbondioxideandwaterintofoodandoxygen.Infact,algaeproduceoverhalfoftheoxygenpeoplebreathe.Howimportantseawateris!Eachplantoranimalinourseasandoceansisanimportantlinkinafoodchain.nThealgaeareeateninlargeamountsbymicroscopicanimals,whichareinturnconsumedbylargeranimals.Thesefoodchainsaredelicatelybalanced.Thebadnewsaboutthefoodchainsintheoceansisthattheyareunderthreatbecauseofman.Peopleoncethoughtthattheoceansweresobigthatitdidn'tmatterifwedumpedrubbishintothemorcaughthugequantitiesoffishandwhalesforfood.Butwenowknowthisisnottrue,andfishstocksintheoceanshavestartedtodrop.Thankfully,theworldistakingstepstoprotectthefutureofouroceansbyintroducinginternationalagreementstoprotectmarinehabitats.Mostcountrieshaveintroducedfishingrestrictionstoprotectfishstocksintheoceans,andnewtechniquesarebeingpioneeredtocopewithpollution.Finally,theimportanceofprotectingoceansisbeingmadeknowntomorepeople.Thisisjustthebeginningofalongprocesstoprotecttheoceansforourfuture.Wedependontheoceansforfishwhichareanimportantpartofthehumandiet.Howimportantseawateris!1．Whichofthefollowingistheproperorderofthefoodchain?A．smallanimals→algae→microscopicanimals→largeanimals→manB．algae→microscopicanimals→largeanimals→largeranimals→manC．smallanimals→algae→largeanimals→microscopicanimals→manD．microscopicanimals→algae→largeanimals→largeranimals→man解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二、三段内容可知答案。2．Fromthepassage,welearnthat________.A．mostfishandseaanimalsliveatthesurfaceoftheseasB．itisverydifficulttobreakthebalanceofafoodchainC．excessivefishinghascausedthedecreaseinfishstockD．itwon'tbelongbeforetheproblemsconcerningoceanswillbesolved解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“...fishstocksintheoceanshavestartedtodrop”可知大量捕捉鱼类肯定会造成鱼类储量的下降；根据第二段首句可知选项A不正确；根据第三段中的“Thesefoodchainsaredelicatelybalanced.”可知选项B不正确；根据最后一段中的“Thisisjustthebeginningofalongprocesstoprotecttheoceansforourfuture.”可知选项D不正确。3．WhichofthefollowingisNOTawaybeingusedtoprotectoceans?A．Theuseofinternationalagreements.B．Forbiddingfishingtoprotectfishstocks.C．Theuseofnewtechniques.nD．Raisingpeople'sawarenessoftheneedtoprotectoceans.解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知很多国家通过限制捕鱼数量来保护鱼类，但不是禁止捕鱼；其他几种措施在最后一段中都可找到。4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．TheimportanceofseawaterB．LifeintheoceansC．HowtoprotectfoodchainsD．Howtodealwithseawaterpollution解析：选A　标题归纳题。根据文章的第一段，以及第二段和最后一段的末句可知文章的中心是在说明海水的重要性。BEarlyinthe16thcenturymenweretryingtoreachAsiabytravelingwestfromEurope.InordertofindAsiatheyhadtofindawaypastSouthAmerica.ThemanwhoeventuallyfoundthewayfromtheAtlanticOceantothePacificwasFerdinandMagellan.MagellansailedfromSevilleinSeptember1519withfiveshipsandabout266men.Thirteenmonthslater,afterspendingaseverewinteronthecoastofPatagonia,hediscoveredthechannelwhichisnowcalledMagellan'sStrait.InNovember1520,aftermanymonthsofdangersfromrocksandstorms,duringwhichtwoshipswerelost,thethreeremainingshipsenteredtheoceanontheothersideofSouthAmerica.Theythencontinued,hopingtoreachAsia.ButtheydidnotseeanylanduntiltheyreachedtheislandsoffthecoastofAsia.Beforetheyarrivedattheseislands,laterknownasthePhilippines,hismenweredyingofstarvation.WhiletheywerestayinginthePhilippines,Magellanwaskilledinbattle.TheremainingofficersthenhadtogetbacktoSpain.TheydecidedtosailroundAfrica.Aftermanydifficulties,oneshipwitheighteenmensailedintoSevillethreeyearsafterleaving.TheywereallthatremainedofMagellan'sexpedition.However,theirachievementwasgreat.Theywerethefirstmentosailroundtheworld.语篇解读：本文主要讲述的是麦哲伦及其船队第一次从欧洲向西航行到亚洲进而完成环球航行的探险之旅。n5．ThepurposeofMagellan'sexpeditionwas________.A．tosailroundtheworldB．tofindasearoutetoIndiaC．tomakeavoyagetoAsiaD．tocarrymentoPhilippines解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段的内容，我们可以知道，欧洲人试图向西航行，经大西洋到太平洋，然后到达亚洲，从而找到一条从海上去亚洲的路线。6．ThetimeMagellan'sStraitwasdiscoveredwas________.A．inAugust1519B．inOctober1520C．inNovember1520D．notmentioned解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段前两句内容可知，麦哲伦是在1520年10月发现Magellan'sStrait“麦哲伦海峡”的。7．WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageconcerningtheexpedition?A．Lackofnavigationequipment.B．SeverewinterinPatagonia.C．ThedeathofMagellan.D．Dangersfromrocksandstorms.解析：选A　细节理解题。通读全文我们可以发现，全文没有提及navigationequipment“航海设备”方面的问题。故选A。8．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Magellan'sExpeditionB．TheDiscoveryofthePhilippinesC．TheMostDangerousExpeditioninNavigationD．TheFirstExpeditiontoAsia解析：选D　主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是麦哲伦及其船队第一次从海上去亚洲的探险之旅。故D为最佳选项。CForyears,thegiantsquid(大王乌贼)hadremainedamodernmystery.Livinginthedarkdepthsoftheocean,thecreatureisdifficultforscientiststoobservedirectly.Ithadalsomanagedtoavoidallattemptstofilmit.ThatchangedlastJuly:forthefirsttimeever,scientistswereabletocatchthegiantsquidonvideoinitsnaturalhabitat.Theywereamazedbywhattheysaw.ThescientistsfilmedthesquidintheNorthPacificOcean,southofTokyo,Japan.Theyfolloweditdownntoadepthof2,952feet.Theyshotmorethan23minutesofvideobeforethesquidswamoffintoevendarkerdepths.ThevideofootagewillbereleasedtothepubliclaterthismonthonTheDiscoveryChannel.TsunemiKubodera,azoologistatJapan'sNationalMuseumofNatureandScience,ledtheteamthatfilmedthesquid.Theteamwentintotheoceaninasmallsubmarinewithlightsinvisibletobothhumansandsquid.Sincegiantsquideatsmallersquid,thescientistsreleasedasmallsquidasbait(诱饵).Thenthescientistswaitedinthepitchblackforthegiantsquidtoapproach.Thecolorvideoshowsthecreaturefloatingvertically,eatingthebaitsquid.Thegiantsquidis9to10feetlongandismissingitstwolongesttentacles(触须).Withthosetentacles,itcouldhavemeasuredupto26feetlong.Ithashugeblackeyes,thesizeofdinnerplates,“Itwasshiningandsobeautiful，”Kuboderasaid.Becausethedeepoceanissounfriendlytohumans,littleisknownaboutthegiantsquid.Scientistssaycatchingthemysteriouscreatureonvideoisanimportantsteptowardunderstandingit.Forcenturies,sailorshadreportedseeingahuge,oceandwellingbeast,thoughttobethegiantsquid.ThecreatureisalsobelievedtobethesubjectoftheNordicmythofthekraken,aseacreaturethatsupposedlyattackedshipsinScandinavianwatersoverthepastthousandsofyears.语篇解读：本文是一篇科普类说明文。大王乌贼生活在深海，人们很难有机会看到它，长期以来人们对它知之甚少。最近科学家在深海拍摄到了这种神秘的生物，有望揭开其神秘的面纱。9．Whyisitdifficulttofilmthegiantsquid?A．Becauseitisillegaltofilmthegiantsquid.B．Becauseitistooexpensivetomakesuchafilm.C．Becausethegiantsquidlivesinthedarkdeepocean.D．Becausethegiantsquidisdangeroustohumans.解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Livinginthedarkdepthsoftheocean,thecreatureisdifficultforscientiststoobservedirectly.”可知，因为大王乌贼生活在大洋深处，所以人们很难拍摄到它。10．Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthatscientists________.A．firstsawthegiantsquidintheoceanB．discoveredanewseacreatureintheoceanC．havetheoceanbottomsecretlyrecordedonvideonD．havefirstcaughtthelegendarygiantsquidonvideo解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，科学家在北太平洋下到深度为2952英尺的地方第一次拍摄了一段23分钟长的有关大王乌贼的视频。因此D项正确。11．Accordingtothepassage,thegiantsquid'slongesttentaclescanbe________.A．16to17feetlong　　　B．9to10feetlongC．morethan26feetlongD．about36feetlong解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，这只大王乌贼有9到10英尺长，算上它的触须可达到26英尺长，由此可得出这只大王乌贼最长的触须有16到17英尺长。12．Thescientistsreleasedasmallsquidintheoceanto________.A．increasethenumberofthegiantsquidB．trickthegiantsquidintocomingoutC．makeaneducationalfilmaboutitD．showconcernforthegiantsquid解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Sincegiantsquideatsmallersquid,thescientistsreleasedasmallsquidasbait.”可知，科学家在大洋里放一条小乌贼目的是将大王乌贼引诱出来。Ⅱ.阅读七选五Didyoueverlookatyourparentsandwishtheywerehealthier?You'renottheonlyone.Wedidasurveyofkids.__1__69%ofthekidswouldliketheirparentstomakechangestobehealthier.Wealsosurveyedparents.They'dworkextrahardtogethealthier,iftheirkidsaskedthemto.Herearethetipsontalkingtoyourparentsabouttheirhealthhabits.▲Createanidealist.Trytorememberwhatgotyouthinkingaboutthistopic.Isthereanunhealthythingyou'dliketoseethemstopdoing,ordolessoften?Getyourlisttogether.▲Practicehowtosayit.Changingcanbehard.Andit'snotalwayseasytoheatthatsomeoneyoulovethinksyouneedtodoit.__2__Ifyourparentswantedyoutomakeachange,howwouldyoulikethemtoask?Agentle,earingwayoftenworksbest.▲__3__Inoursurvey,85%ofkidssaidthey'sbewillingtomakehealthychangesifitwouldhelpthewholefamily.Youmightbewillingtogoforawalktogetherafterdinner,letyourparentsknowyou'rewillingtomakeaneffort.▲Makeadecision.__4__Itcanbetroubleifyourgoalistoogeneraloryoudon'thavestepsinmind.n▲__5__Encourageyourparentsasthefamilystartsmakingchanges.Anextrahugorahomemadecardofencouragementcangivethemwhattheyneedtokeepgoingdownthehealthyroad.A．Cheerthemon.B．Bewillingtohelp.C．Findtherightpersontotalkwith.D．Parentscaremoreabouttheirkids'health.E．Ithelpstopickasinglegoalandbedetailed.F．46%saidtheyworryabouttheirparents'health.G．Soyou'llwanttobringupthistopicinjusttherightway.答案：1～5　FGBEA