2019高中英语刷题首选卷基础练能力练unit1greatscientistssectionⅳlearningaboutlanguage 8页

SectionⅣ　LearningaboutLanguage&UsingLanguage对应学生用书P9[基础题]Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Anewexpresswayisunderc________betweenthetwocities.答案：construction2．Wemadeagreatc________toprotectingourenvironment.答案：contribution3．Wesetofff________tocelebratetheNewYear.答案：fireworks4．Thoughheispoor,hehasap________attitudetowardslife.答案：positive5．[2017·天津高考]Intheyearsofmygrowingup,Dadwass________withme.答案：strict6．Doyouknowwhenthe________(宇宙)cameintobeing?答案：universe7．He________(反对)thetheorythattheearthisroundatthattime.答案：rejected8．Weshouldbe________(谨慎的)aboutgivingourpersonalinformationtostrangers.答案：cautious9．Hisfriendswere________(热情的)andencouragedhimtodanceinpublic.答案：enthusiastic10．ShegrabbedJim'sarmand________(使旋转)himaroundtofaceher.答案：spunⅡ.选词填空apartfrom;contribute...to...;makesense;leadto;bestrictwith;becautiousabout;cometoanend;underconstruction;takein;wearout1．Thereisanewbridge________nearourvillage.答案：underconstruction2．[2017·江苏高考]LocatedwheretheBeltmeetstheRoad,Jiangsuwill________more________theBeltandRoadconstruction.答案：contribute;to3．________thesetwobooks,hehaswrittensomeplaysandfilmscripts(剧本)．答案：Apartfromn4．Don'tbe________byhischarm—heisruthless.答案：takenin5．Iwas________afteradayofshoppingwithmyfriendLily.答案：wornout6．Imaynotagreewithallthathesaid,butIwouldsay80%ofwhathesaid________.答案：makessense7．Wehavetowaituntilthediscussionbetweenthem________.答案：comestoanend8．Pleasefollowme.Thisistheentrancethat________thehall.答案：leadsto9．Myteacherwill________mefromnowon.答案：bestrictwith10．She________committingherselftoanything.答案：iscautiousaboutⅢ.单句语法填空1．Thecomputercenter，________(open)lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.答案：opened　open和thecomputercenter之间构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。2．Thescientistsareworking________seekingnewmethodsofkillingthecancercells.答案：on　句意：科学家们正致力于寻找新的杀死癌细胞的方法。workon“致力于”，为固定搭配。3．Thediscoveryofthenewevidenceledtothethief________(catch)．答案：beingcaught　leadto“导致”，该词组中to为介词，后面要跟名词或动词ing形式。小偷是被抓，应该用动词ing形式的被动式。4．Myteachermadeagreatcontributionto________(teach)ustobegoodandhelpfultoothers.答案：teaching　makeacontributionto“为……做贡献”，其中to为介词，后接名词或动名词。5．Thestudentsweresittingintheclassroomwiththeireyes________(fix)ontheteachers.答案：fixed　此处是with复合结构。theireyes和fix之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词形式作宾补。n6．Theyturnedadeafeartoourdemands,________madeusangry.答案：which　which引导非限制性定语从句，且指代前面整个主句的内容，在从句中作主语。7．Ifind________reallyhardtoworkwithsuchanimpatientperson.答案：it　此处it作find的形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式。8．Youwill________(take)inifyoubelievewhatthestrangerssaidwithoutthinking.答案：betaken　句意：如果你不加思考就相信陌生人所说的话，你就会被骗。主语you和动词短语takein之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。takein“欺骗”。9．Areyouinterestedinthe________(move)oftheotherplanets?答案：movements　由介词in和定冠词the可知此处应填名词形式，由planets可知应用名词复数形式。10．Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1945________hereturntohishometown.答案：did　“only＋状语从句”位于句首时，主句采用部分倒装语序，根据从句中的时间状语可知，主句应用一般过去时，故填助动词did。Ⅳ.单句改错1．Itmakesthesensetoworkontheproblembeforeitgetsoutofcontrol.________________________________________________________________________答案：去掉第一个the2．Withthehomeworkfinish,thechildrenwenthomehappily.________________________________________________________________________答案：finish→finished3．Onlyifdidyouputthewordinthesentencedidtheuseoftheotherwordsmakesense.________________________________________________________________________答案：去掉第一个did4．Ifyoumakeyourchildresponsibletothesebills,hewilllearntobudgetfornecessaryexpenditures.________________________________________________________________________答案：第一个to→for5．Plentyoffreshaircontributetogoodhealth.________________________________________________________________________答案：contribute→contributes6．Onlybyworkinghardyoubeabletogetthepositioninthatcompany.n________________________________________________________________________答案：hard后加will或can7．Themanisalwaysstrictinhissonevenifhissonisnotachild.________________________________________________________________________答案：in→with8．Noteveryoneinourcompanyispositivetothisnewsuggestion.________________________________________________________________________答案：to→about9．Hehaslockedthedoorthatleadtothegarden.________________________________________________________________________答案：lead→leads10．Choleraisadeaddiseaseandmanypeoplediedofitinthepast.________________________________________________________________________答案：dead→deadlyⅤ.完成句子1．Thiswillprobably__________troubleinthefuture.这很可能将导致日后的麻烦。答案：leadto2．We________________________ourwork.我们应该严格对待工作。答案：shouldbestrictin3．Onlyifpeopleofallthecountriesareunited______________________theexistingproblemsintheworld.只有世界各国人民联合起来，我们才能解决世界上目前存在的问题。答案：canwesolve/willwebeabletosolve4．Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,__________________.老师走进教室，手里拿着一本书。答案：withabookinhis/herhand5．Iwould______________，butIwastoobusyatthattime.我本想去帮助你，但是我那时太忙了。答案：havehelpedyou[能力题]Ⅰ.阅读理解Onetimeayoungman,whohopedtostudylaw,wrotetoLincolnforadvice,andnLincolnreplied,“Ifyouareresolutelydeterminedtomakealawyerofyourself,thethingismorethanhalfdonealready...Alwaysbearinmindthatyourownresolutiontosucceedismoreimportantthananyotheronething.”Lincolnknew.Hehadgonethroughitall.Hehadnever,inhisentirelife,hadmorethanatotalofoneyear'sschooling.Andbooks?Lincolnoncesaidhehadwalkedtoborroweverybookwithinfiftymilesofhishome.Afirewasusuallykeptgoingallnightinthesmallhouseandhereadbythelightofit.Hewalkedtwentyorthirtymilestohearaspeakerand,returninghome,hepracticedhistalkseverywhere—inthefields,inthewoods,beforethecrowds.Hejoinedseveralsocietiesandpracticedspeakingonthetopicsoftheday.Alackofconfidencealwaystroubledhim.Inthepresenceofwomenhewasshyanddumb.EvenwhenhewasinlovewithMaryTodd,heusedtositthere,nervousandsilent,unabletofindwords,listeningwhileshedidthetalking.Yetthatwasthemanwho,bypracticeandhomestudy,madehimselfintothespeakerwhodebatedwiththefamousspeakerDouglas!Thatwasthemanwho,intheGettysburgAddress,rosetotheheightsofeloquence(雄辩)thathaveseldombeenachievedinallofhumanhistory.Smallwonderthat,speakingofhisowngreatbarriersandpainfulstruggle,hewrote,“Ifyouareresolutelydeterminedtomakealawyerofyourself,thethingismorethanhalfdonealready.”　1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?A．Earningafortune.B．Makingaliving.C．Askingforadvice.D．Becomingalawyer.答案：D　指代判断题。根据第一段中林肯的话“Ifyouareresolutelydeterminedtomakealawyerofyourself,thethingismorethanhalfdonealready”并结合年轻人就学法律来咨询林肯这一内容可推知，林肯之前有做律师的经历，并且他为成为律师付出了很大的努力。2．Whatisthekeypointofthefourthparagraph?A．Lincoln'scourage.B．Lincoln'sposition.C．Lincoln'sprogress.D．Lincoln'seloquence.n答案：C　段落大意题。根据第四段的内容可知，林肯从一个缺乏自信、异常害羞的人到最终成为整个人类历史上少有的雄辩的演说家。第四段主要叙述了这样的巨大变化，即林肯的进步，故选C。3．WhatisthemostvitalspiritreflectedinLincoln'sstoryabove?A．Believinginoneself.B．Keepingonpracticinghard.C．Overcomingdifficulties.D．Stickingtoone'sdetermination.答案：D　推理判断题。根据第一段和最后一段的呼应，以及这两段中的关键词“resolutelydetermined”可推知，林肯的故事所反映出的最重要的精神是坚持自己的决心，故选D。Ⅱ.七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Readingcomprehensionskillsareveryimportant.__1__Nomatterwhatyouenjoyreading,youmaybeinterestedinimprovingyourreadingcomprehensionskills.__2__Whenyoureadslowlyandcarefully,itbecomeseasiertoremember,comprehend,andprocessthecontentofwhatyouarereading.Peoplewhoareinthehabitofreadingveryquicklytendtoskipoverentirechunksoftheirreadingmaterial.Whenyouskipoversomesentences,thiscaninterfere(妨碍)withyouroverallcomprehension.Readthemostdifficultsectionsmorethanonce.Ifaparticularparagraphorsentenceofanarticleorbookisdifficulttounderstand,takethetimetoreadthistroublesomesectiontwiceormore.__3__Afterreadingtwoorthreepagesofabookorlongarticle,giveyourselfaninformalreadingcomprehensionquiz.__4__Forinstance,ifyouarereadinganovel,sumupthemajorplotpointsofthepastthreepages.Youmayevenwanttowritedowntheseplotpointsasbriefbulletpointsinanotebook.__5__Ifyourmindtendstowander,orifyoufeeleasilydistractedduringreading,youmayhavealreadyrealizedthatthistendencycaninterferewithyouroverallreadingcomprehension.Wheneveryoufeelyourmindstartingtowander,gentlyredirectyourselfbacktofocusingonthetextinfrontofyou.A．Slowdownyourreadingspeed.B．Concentrateonwhatyouarereading.C．Theyhelpyouinmanydifferentareasoflife.nD．Stoponceforawhiletocheckwhetheryourpredictionisrightorwrong.E．Trytosummarizeinwritingexactlywhatistoldinthetwotothreepagesyoujustread.F．Itisnecessarytofindouttheoutlineofabookorarticletoreachoverallcomprehension.G．Whenyoufeellikethemeaningofthatsectionisreally“sinkingin”，youtrulyunderstandit.1．C　C项中的“They”指代上句中的“Readingcomprehensionskills”，进一步说明阅读理解技能的重要性，故C项“它们在生活中的许多不同方面都对你有帮助”符合语境。2．A　本段通过慢速仔细阅读有利于理解和快速略读影响整体理解正反两个方面来说明降低阅读速度以达到全面理解的重要性，所以选A项“降低你的阅读速度”。设空处下一句中的“readslowly”与A项中的“Slowdown”相照应。3．G　本空承接上一句说明再次或多次阅读达到什么样的程度才算真正的理解，所以选G项“当你觉得这部分的含义真的被充分领会的时候，你就真正地理解了”。4．E　根据设空后内容可知，此处主要讲的是要做读后总结。故E项“努力准确地总结并写出你刚读过的两三页内容”符合语境。5．B　根据后文的“Ifyourmindtendstowander...”和“Wheneveryoufeelyourmindstartingtowander...”可知，该段主要提出了阅读中注意力不集中的现象并给出了应对办法，即“redirectyourselfbacktofocusingonthetext”，故本段的主旨为专注于你所读的内容。故选B项。Ⅲ.语法填空TraditionalChineseweddingcustomshavebeenaroundforthousandsofyears.Theymayvaryfromplacetoplaceandtimetotime,buthavebeenholdinganimportantpositioninthelivesofChinesepeople,__1__(cause)afarreachingimpactonthewaytheChineseleadtheirlives.ThetraditionalChinesemarriageusually__2__(involve)somenecessaryprocedures,suchasmatchmaking,engagement,meetingthebride,andthreebows.__3__addition,atypicalChineseweddingnowadaysgoeslikethis—whenanewcoupleisengaged,__4__followsisa__5__(choose)ofthedateoftheirmarriage.MostpeoplewouldfavoraholidayorspecialChinesefestivalfortheirrelativesandfriends__6__(attend)thewedding.However,quiteafewothers,especially__7__inthecountryside,wouldfixaluckydatesothattheirmarriagewouldhave“DoubleHappiness”.Theweddingceremonyisusuallyhosted__8__(warm)andtheweddingnceremonyveryoftenendswith__9__uniquebanquet.Toastsaremadetowishthenewcouplelonglife,everlastingloveandhappiness,earlybirthofa__10__(health)babyandsoon.1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________9．________　10.________篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国的婚俗习惯。1．causing　考查非谓语动词。空处表示自然而然的结果，主语They和动词cause之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，表主动，故用现在分词作结果状语。2．involves　考查主谓一致。根据该句中的usually可知，此处表示经常发生的动作，故用一般现在时；主语ThetraditionalChinesemarriage为单数概念，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。3．In　考查固定搭配。inaddition为固定搭配，意为“此外，除此之外”。4．what　考查主语从句的连接词。空处引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，且在意义上表示“……东西(事情)”，故用what引导该主语从句。5．choice　考查词性转换。根据空前的不定冠词a可知，空处应用名词形式。6．toattend　考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，空处表示目的，故用动词不定式作目的状语。7．those　考查代词。根据语境可知，空处指那些在农村地区的人，表示复数，故用代词those。8．warmly　考查词性转换。空处修饰动词hosted，故用副词形式。9．a　考查冠词。空后的banquet为可数名词，在本句中表泛指，且unique的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。10．healthy　考查词性转换。空处修饰后面的名词baby，表示“健康的婴儿”，故用形容词healthy。