2019年高中英语unit3lifeinthefuturesectionⅲgrammar_过去分词作状语教案（含解析）新人教版 6页

SectionⅢGrammar—过去分词作状语语法图解探究发现1．①Worriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.②Givenbetterattention,thetreescouldgrowbetter.③Describedasanenormousroundplate,itspinsslowlyinspacetoimitatethepulloftheearth’sgravity.2．①Hitbyalackoffreshair,myheadached.＝BecauseIwashitbyalackoffreshair,myheadached.②Istaredatthemovingmodelofthewastemachine,absorbedbyitsefficiency.＝Istaredatthemovingmodelofthewastemachine,andwasabsorbedbyitsefficiency.3．①Whenofferedhelp,oneoftensays“Thankyou”or“It’skindofyou.”②Theresearchissodesignedthatoncebegunnothingcanbedonetochangeit.[我的发现](1)作状语用的过去分词(短语)和句子的主语之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，或称为被动关系。(2)第一组句子中的过去分词(短语)分别在句子中作：①原因状语；②条件状语；③伴随情况或方式状语。(3)比较第二组句子可知，作状语用的过去分词(短语)可以转化成相应的状语从句或并列句。(4)从第三组句子可知，表示时间、条件、方式、比较或让步的状语，可用“从属连词＋过去分词”结构。可用于该结构中的从属连词有：when,once,while,if,unless,asif,as,than,though,although等。　　一、过去分词作状语的类型n过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、让步、条件、原因、方式和结果，相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主语为主句的主语，且与主句主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。1．作时间状语相当于时间状语从句。可在过去分词前加上连词“when,while,until”等，使其时间意义更明确。Whenaskedforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.当被问到对教学工作的观点时，菲利普说他觉得它既有趣又有意义。2．作原因状语相当于原因状语从句或并列句。Absorbedinpainting,Johndidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.(2015·天津高考单选)＝BecauseJohnwasabsorbedinpainting,hedidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.＝Johnwasabsorbedinpainting,sohedidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.由于专心画画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。3．作条件状语相当于条件状语从句。可加连词if,unless等转换成条件状语从句。Usedwithcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.如果用得仔细的话，一罐可以够用六周。4．作让步状语相当于让步状语从句。有时可加although,though,evenif,eventhough,whether...or等连词转换成让步状语从句。Defeatedbyhisopponent,henevergaveupanyhope.＝Althoughhewasdefeatedbyhisopponent,henevergaveupanyhope.尽管被对手击败，但是他从没放弃希望。5．作方式、伴随状语相当于and连接的并列句。Sheacceptedthegift,deeplymoved.＝Sheacceptedthegift,andshewasdeeplymoved.她接受了礼物，深深地被感动了。[名师点津]　值得注意的是，有些过去分词(短语)因来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有：lost(迷路)；seated(坐)；hidden(躲)；lost/absorbedin(沉溺于)；dressedin(穿着)；tiredof(厌烦)。Lostinthought,hedidn’thearthebell.n由于陷入沉思之中，他没有听到铃声。[即时演练1](1)用所给词的适当形式填空①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ改编)Developed(develop)bytwodoctorsintheU．S.DepartmentofAgriculture,it’sanexcellentwatercollector.②(2015·重庆高考改编)Raised(raise)inthepoorestareaofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.③(2014·湖南高考改编)Children,whenaccompanied(accompany)bytheirparents,areallowedtoenterthestadium.④Founded(found)intheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren’sloveofart.⑤Translated(translate)intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.(2)句型转换①Whenitisseenfromthetopofthehill,thetownlooksmorebeautiful.→Seen_from_the_top_of_the_hill,_the_town_looks_more_beautiful.②Becausetheyweredeeplymovedbythefilm,thechildrenbegantocry.→Deeply_moved_by_the_film,_the_children_began_to_cry.③Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.→Given_more_time,_we_could_do_it_much_better.④Thepresidentofthecompanycametothefactory,andhewasfollowedbysomeworkers.→The_president_of_the_company_came_to_the_factory,_followed_by_some_workers.二、过去分词作状语时的位置过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。Toldthathismotherwasill,LiLeihurriedhomequickly.(原因状语)得知母亲生病了，李雷迅速赶回了家。Theoldmanwalkedintotheroom,supportedbyhisson.(方式状语)老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。三、过去分词的独立结构作状语n过去分词作状语时，有时在分词前加上自己的主语，这种带有自身主语的过去分词被称为过去分词的独立结构。过去分词的独立结构在句中作状语时，通常可表示时间、原因、条件等。Muchtimespentsittingatadesk,officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.(2015·江苏高考单选)很多时间都坐在办公桌旁，办公室职员一般都受到健康问题的困扰。[即时演练2]　用独立主格结构作状语改写句子①Afterthelecturewasgiven,alivelyquestionandanswersessionfollowed.→The_lecture_given,_alivelyquestionandanswersessionfollowed.②Thefactoryproducedmanyfamouscars,noneofwhichwereshippedtoforeigncountries.→Thefactoryproducedmanyfamouscars,none_of_them_shipped_to_foreign_countries.③Becauseextramoneywasgiventothepoor,hefeltveryhappy.→Extra_money_given_to_the_poor,_hefeltveryhappy.四、过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。[助记]　分词作状语记忆口诀分词作状语，主语是问题。前后两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系。主动用ing，被动用ed。Usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.(动宾关系)由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去陈旧。Usingthebook,Ifinditveryuseful.(主谓关系)在使用这本书时，我发现它很有用。[名师点津]　无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。Ifcaught,thepolicewillpunishthethief.(×)Ifcaught,thethiefwillbepunishedbythepolice.(√)Ifthethiefiscaught,thepolicewillpunishthethief.(√)[即时演练3]　用所给词的适当形式填空①WhenIwaslittle,mymotherusedtositbymybed,telling(tell)mestoriesntillIfellasleep.②—WhereisJimmy?—JustnowIsawhimsittingunderthetree,absorbed(absorb)inhisvideogames.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ改编)Founded(found)inMoscowafterthe1905revolution,thecompanyeventuallysettledinTelAvivinthelate1920s.2．Designed(design)verycleverlytofitintocorners,theshelfdoesn’ttakeupmuchroom.3．Thenewtechnology,ifapplied(apply)toricegrowing,willhelpincreasethegrainoutput.4．Considered(consider)asabuildingmaterial,woodisnotverystrong.5．Given(give)another10days,wearesuretocompleterepairingthemachine.6．Filled(fill)withshame,theboyloweredhishead,readyforthepunishmentfromhisdad.7．Whenfirstintroduced(introduce)tothemarket,thesenewproductsintheircompanyenjoyedagreatsuccess.8．Located(locate)inthecentraldistrict,thehoteloffersthebestservicewiththelowestprice.9．Surrounded(surround)byariver,theparkhadacentralpondwithflowersfloatinginit.10．Disappointed(disappoint)atfailinginthemathexam,Johnwouldn’tliketotalkaboutittohisparents.Ⅱ.单句写作1．Once_lost,_suchachancemightnevercomeagain.一旦失去，这样的机会可能永远不会再来了。2．Grown_in_rich_soil,_theseseedscangrowfast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子就能长得快。3．Edited_by_three_language_experts,_thedictionaryhasbeenpopularwithreaderseversinceitcameouttwoyearsago.由于被三位语言专家编辑，这本字典自从两年前上市以来就一直受到读者欢迎。4．Bathed_in_the_sunshine,_wejumpedandcheeredwithjoy.沐浴在阳光中，我们高兴得欢呼雀跃。n5．Offered_an_important_roleinanewmovie,Andyhasachancetobecomefamous.由于别人给他提供了一部新电影里的重要角色，安迪有机会出名了。6．Thereisclearevidencethatchildrenwhotakemusiclessonsdevelopabettermemorycompared_with_thosewhohavenomusicaltraining.这里有明显的证据，与那些没受过音乐训练的孩子相比，上音乐课的孩子有更好的记忆力。7．Whenexposed_to_stress,_inwhateverform,allofusreactbothmentallyandphysically.当暴露在压力之下时，不管以什么形式，我们所有的人都会从精神和身体上作出反应。8．Devoted_to_his_science_research,_hehasenjoyedfameallovertheworld.由于献身于科学研究事业，他在全世界享有盛名。Ⅲ.语法填空Farmingwasoncethemainwayoflifeinnearlyeverycountry.Peoplecannotlive__1__food,andnearlyalltheirfoodcomesfromcropsandanimals__2__(raise)onfarms.Manyothermaterialsalsocomefromplantsandanimals.Nownotmanypeoplefarmforalivinganymore,butfarming__3__(be)alsothemostimportantworkintheworld.Before__4__nineteenthcentury,thetypicalAmericanfamilylivedonasmallfarm.Theyraisedpigs,cattleandsheep,andplantedcorn,fruitsandwheat.Everyoneworkedlongandhard,buttheyhardlygotenoughfoodfor__5__(they).Thissituationbegantochangeduringthelasthalfofthe1800’sanditchanged__6__(great)intheseyears.__7__(support)bysomescientificmethodsandlaborsavingmachines,theproductionofsomemajorcropshasincreased.Nowfarminghasbecome__8__(important)asawayoflifethaneverbefore.Today’ssuccessfulfarmersarenotonlygoodatagriculture__9__atmarketingandfinanceaswell.Iffarmersonlyknowhowtogrowcrops,theirfarmswillhavegreatdifficulty__10__(survive)．答案：1.without　2.raised　3.is　4.the　5.themselves　6.greatly　7.Supported　8.lessimportant　9.but　10.surviving