2019高中英语刷题首选卷基础练能力练unit2theunitedkingdomsectionⅰpre_reading 9页

SectionⅠ　Prereading(WarmingUp&Reading)对应学生用书P13[基础题]Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Canyoutellmehowmanystudentsourclass________(组成)of?答案：consists2．Ifyou________(除以)30by5,theansweris6.答案：divide3．Intheexhibition,thispainting________(吸引)manypeople.答案：attracted4．Tohis________(赞扬),hecleanedtheroomfortheold.答案：credit5．Hishandswere________(粗糙的)foryearsofhardwork.答案：rough6．Thepositionofthehousecombinesquietnessand________(便利)．答案：convenience7．Hewantsto________(澄清)itwasn'thewhodidit.答案：clarify8．Toavoidsuch________(冲突),weshouldbekindtooneanother,whichisessentialtoenjoyingaharmoniouslife.答案：conflicts9．Thisisagoodchancetogoabroad,sosheis________(不愿意)togiveitup.答案：unwilling10．Wemusttryourbestto________(完成)ourtaskperfectly.答案：accomplishⅡ.单句语法填空1．Hereceivedasetofchina________(consist)ofsixtypieces.答案：consisting　句意：他收到六十件一套的瓷器。分析句子结构可知，asetofchina与consistof是逻辑上的主谓关系，表主动含义，因此用现在分词短语作定语，相当于定语从句which/thatconsistsof。注意：consistof没有被动语态。2．[2016·天津高考]Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,________theweathermaybebetter.答案：when　句意：我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好。先行词为nextweek，指时间，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，意为“届时，那个时候”，故答n案为when。3．ShandongisoneofChina's________(province)．答案：provinces　句意：山东是中国的省份之一。由句中的“oneof”可知应填复数形式。4．Theworkingprocedureandrules,powerandresponsibilityofthecommitteesshouldbe________(clarify)．答案：clarified　句意：委员会的工作章程和制度，权力还有责任应该被讲清楚。根据句意可知此处应用被动语态。故填clarified。5．Itisgreatlytohiscredit________Davidsavedthegirlriskinghislife.答案：that　句意：值得赞扬的是，戴维冒着生命危险挽救了那个女孩。该句中it为形式主语，“________Davidsaved...life”是真正的主语，因从句中不缺成分，且意义完整，故用that引导该主语从句。6．OnAIDSDay,theministerofHealthDepartmentdemandedthattheproblems________(refer)toshouldbepaidspecialattentionto.答案：referred　此处表示“被提及的问题”，referto与theproblems之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词作后置定语，因此填referred。7．Asweallknow,theentireBrazilianpeopleare________(unite)bytheirloveoffootball.答案：united　根据空前的are及空后的by可知，此处为被动语态。故填united。8．Expertsbelievethattheillness________(link)totheuseofchemicalpesticide.答案：islinked　that引导的宾语从句中缺少谓语，link与theillness之间是被动关系，且此处是在陈述一般性事实，所以应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填islinked。9．Atourfactorythereareafewmachinessimilarto________describedinthismagazine.答案：those　介词to后应是themachines，为避免重复，用those代指特指的复数名词，故填those。10．Itisworthwhile________(work)diligently(勤奋地)whenyouhaveyourowngoal.答案：working/towork　Itisworthwhiledoing/todosth.意为“做……是值得的”，是固定用法。Ⅲ.完成句子1．Wales______________Englandinthethirteenthcentury.n威尔士于13世纪同英格兰联合了起来。答案：waslinkedto2．Nowwhenpeople____________EnglandyoufindWalesincludedaswell.如今只要有人提起英格兰，你就会发现威尔士也包括在内。答案：referto3．Totheircreditthefourcountriesdo____________insomeareas(eg,thecurrencyandinternationalrelations),buttheystillhaveverydifferentinstitutions.值得赞扬的是，这四个国家的确在一些方面(如货币和国际关系方面)共同合作，但它们在制度上仍有着很大的区别。答案：worktogether4．It'sapitythatindustrialcities__________________________donotattractvisitors.很遗憾，这些在十九世纪建立起来的工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。答案：builtinthenineteenthcentury5．YoumustkeepyoureyesopenifyouaregoingtomakeyourtriptotheUnitedKingdom____________.如果想使你的英国之旅愉快且值得，你必须留心观察。答案：enjoyableandworthwhile[能力题]Ⅰ.阅读理解TothewestandofftheEuropeanContinent,thereareseveralthousandsofislandsontheContinentalshelf(大陆架).TheyaregenerallycalledtheBritishIsles.Ofalltheseisles,thelargestoneiscalledGreatBritain.Forconvenience,itisoftenshortenedtoBritain.StilltothewestofGreatBritainisthesecondlargestislandknownasIreland.TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland(UK)ismadeupofGreatBritain,NorthernIreland,andanumberofsmallerislandsaroundthem.Thetotalareaofthecountryissome244,000squarekilometreswithapopulationofabout64million.GreatBritainrunsnearly1,000kilometresfromsouthtonorthandextends,atthewidestpart,about500kilometresfromwesttoeast.Itsareaissome230,000squarekilometres.GreatBritainistraditionallydividedintothreeparts:Englandinthesouth,Scotlandinthenorth,andWalesinthesouthwest.Therearediscernible(可辨别的)differencesbetweenthemevennow.nEnglandisthelargestandmostdevelopedofallthethree.Itsarea,about130,000squarekilometres,takesupnearly60%ofthewholeisland.Itspopulationismorethan53millionwhichmakesup83%ofthecountry'swholepopulation.TheimportanceofEnglandissogreatinBritainthatsomeforeignersjustsay“England”whentheymeanBritain.ThesameistrueofthecustomofspeakingoftheBritishpeopleastheEnglishwhoarethemajorityintheUnitedKingdom.Scotlandisthesecondlargestbothinareaandpopulation.Ithasanareaofabout78,760squarekilometres,lessthan30%ofthewholeisland,withapopulationof5million,lessthanonetenthofthewholepopulation.Walesisthesmallestofthethreebothinareaandpopulation.Itsarea,20,700squarekilometres,makesuplessthan9%whileitspopulation,2.6million,doesnotexceed(超过)5%ofthewhole.1．TheBritishIslesismadeupof________.A．theEuropeanContinentandGreatBritainB．theUKandtheRepublicofIrelandC．England,ScotlandandWalesD．severalthousandsofislandstothewestandofftheEuropeanContinent答案：D'细节理解题。根据文章第一段的第一、二句可知选D。　2．WhichofthefollowingshowsthecorrectpositionofGreatBritain?答案：B　推理判断题。从第二段第三句“GreatBritainistraditionallydividedintothreeparts:Englandinthesouth,Scotlandinthenorth,andWalesinthesouthwest.”可知，英格兰在南边，苏格兰在北边，威尔士在西南，再根据题中所给出的图形，可推断出答案为B。3．FromthepassagewecaninferthatGreatBritainhasapopulationofabout________million.A．60B．53nC．64D．57答案：A　细节理解题。根据第三、四、五段可知，英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士的人口数量分别为5,300多万、500万和260万，三者相加可得出答案为A。4．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A．EnglandissixtimeslargerthanWalesinarea.B．EnglandissixtimeslargerthanScotlandinarea.C．ScotlandissixtimeslargerthanWalesinarea.D．GreatBritainissixtimeslargerthanWalesinarea.答案：A　推理判断题。根据第三段和第五段可知，英格兰的面积是13万平方千米，而威尔士的面积是20,700平方千米。故答案为A。Ⅱ.完形填空Inthisworld,therearemorethan365millionpeoplewhosenativelanguageisEnglish.Ofthesepeople,onlyabout275million__1__intheUnitedStatesandGreatBritain.The__2__90millionliveinAustralia,Canada,NewZealand,SouthAfrica,somePacificislands,andotherplaces__3__Britishpeoplesettled.__4__ofthetime,oneEnglishspeaker__5__understandanother.Butinevery__6__country,peopleaddednewwords__7__theirvocabulariestonameanimals,plants,andotherthingsthatwere__8__tothefirstBritishpeoplewhowentthere.BritishsettlersinAustralia__9__theword“kangaroo”forananimaltheyhadneverseen__10__，fromthelanguageofthepeoplewhowere__11__toAustralia.AndtheBritishwho__12__toSouthAfricatook“trek”,meaningalongjourneybyoxwagon,__13__thelanguageoftheDutchpeoplewhosettledinthesameplace.Englishspeakersof__14__everycountryknowwhatakangarooisandusetheword“trek”to__15__“difficultjourney”.Butsome__16__“English”wordsareusedonlybythepeoplewhoborrowor__17__them.ASouthAfricanwhotalksabout“kopjes”isspeakingEnglish,butonlyanotherSouthAfricanoraDutchpersonwouldknowheisspeaking__18__hills.AndifanAustraliansaid,“Thereweresome‘ropable’peopleatthecorroboree(狂欢会)，”onlyanotherAustralianwould__19__thathewastalkingaboutangrypeople__20__aparty.1．A.stayB．liveC．settleD．arrive答案：B　由下文的“...90millionliveinAustralia,Canada,NewZealand,nSouthAfrica...”可知，其他九千万居住在澳大利亚、加拿大、新西兰、南非，暗示本题的答案为live。故选B。2．A.anotherB．restC．othersD．other答案：D'因为上文提到“把英语作为本族语的人口数为3.65亿，其中2.75亿人生活在美国和英国”，此处应为“其余的九千万人”，即答案为other。another表示“三者或三者以上中的另一个”。3．A.whereB．thatC．whenD．which答案：A　此处是一个定语从句，先行词为places，表地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故引导词为where。4．A.MoreB．MostC．NoneD．Less答案：B'mostofthetime的意思是“大多数时候”。5．A.willB．mightC．canD．shall答案：C　表示说英语的人具备相互理解的能力，应用can。will多表示愿意；might表示可能；shall表示请求；命令；警告。故选C。6．A.speakingEnglishB．EnglishspeakingC．EnglishspokenD．spokenEnglish答案：B'表示“说英语的”应用Englishspeaking；spokenEnglish的意思是“英语口语”。7．A.intoB．toC．forD．with答案：B'add...to...是固定短语，意思是“把……添加到……上”。故选B。8．A.newB．strangeC．goodD．useful答案：A'人们会在他们的词汇中添加新词来给动物、植物和其他事物命名，这些对于首批到达该地的英国人来说也是陌生的。benewtosb.“对某人来说是陌生的”。9．A.namedB．usedC．foundD．took答案：D'根据第12空后的“...took‘trek’，meaningalongjourneybyoxwagon...”可知这里也用took。take...from...“从……选出……”，符合文意。10．A.agoB．beforenC．yetD．again答案：B'ago表示“在……以前”，用于一般过去时；before表示“在……之前”，用于过去完成时。句子的时态为过去完成时，因此答案为before。11．A.localB．nativeC．strangeD．new答案：B'相对于最初到澳大利亚的英国人来说，以前在这里居住的人们是当地人。benativeto“原来存在于某地的，当地的”符合语境。故选B。12．A.movedB．wentC．settledD．got答案：A'由第9空前的“BritishsettlersinAustralia”和第13空后的“theDutchpeoplewhosettledinthesameplace”可知，此处指移居南非的英国人。moveto“搬迁”符合语境。故选A。13．A.inB．fromC．byD．through答案：B'根据上文“...fromthelanguageofthepeoplewhowere__11__toAustralia”及下文“thelanguageof...”可知此处用from。14．A.hardlyB．almostC．nearD．mostly答案：B'从下文“Butsome...‘English’wordsareusedonlybythepeoplewhoborrow...”中的but可知，该空表示的意思应与but后的内容存在转折关系，从而推出“几乎每个说英语的国家的人都知道kangaroo和trek的意思”，即答案为almost。故选B。15．A.sayB．tellC．talkD．mean答案：D'由上文对trek的解释知道trek的意思是“困难的旅行”，即difficultjourney，因此应用mean“意思是，表示”。故选D。16．A.otherB．elseC．othersD．another答案：A'由上文提到的kangaroo和trek两个词可以推出此处应为“一些其他的英语单词”，即答案为other。17．A.discoverB．findC．inventD．make答案：C'由语境可知此处表述“另外一些英语单词仅仅被那些借用或创造它们的人使用”，故答案为invent。n18．A.atB．ofC．toD．with答案：B'speakof“提及，说到”；而speakto表示“与某人说话”。19．A.meanB．sayC．tellD．understand答案：D'由上下文可以看出，此处表示“只有另外一个澳大利亚人会明白(understand)他在谈论什么”。20．A.inB．atC．forD．of答案：B'表示“在聚会上”需用介词at。故选B。空格前的“atthecorroboree(狂欢会)”也是提示。Ⅲ.短文改错Asweallknow,travellingcanbeanexcitedexperience.Letmegiveyousomeadvicesthatyouhavetopayattention.YoucanfindoutmoreaboutyourdestinationbysurftheInternetbeforeyousetout.Youneedn'ttaketoomuchcash.Thoughitcanbeveryconveniencetopayincash,usingchequesaremuchmoretrustworthy.Inaddition,itwillbewiseforyoutotakeaumbrellaincaseitshouldrain.Andifyouaretotravelabroad,you'dbettertounderstandtheculturaldiversity.Keepinmindthatbepoliteinforeigncountriescanhelpyouhaveawonderfultrip.答案：Asweallknow,travellingcanbeanexperience.Letmegiveyousomethatyouhavetopayattention.YoucanfindoutmoreaboutyourdestinationbytheInternetbeforeyousetout.Youneedn'ttaketoomuchcash.Thoughitcanbeverytopayincash,usingchequesmuchmoretrustworthy.Inaddition,itwillbewiseyoutotakeumbrellaincaseitshouldrain.Andifyouaretotravelabroad,you'dbetterunderstandtheculturaldiversity.Keepinmindthatpoliteinforeigncountriescanhelpyouhaveawonderfultrip.难项分析：第一处：excited→exciting　考查形容词。此处修饰名词，表示“令人兴奋的”，应用ing形式的形容词。故将excited改成exciting。n第四处：surf→surfing　考查非谓语动词。介词by后面应用动名词作宾语。故将surf改成surfing。第五处：convenience→convenient　考查形容词。be动词后面应用形容词作表语，表示主语的性质、状态。故将convenience改为convenient。