2019高中英语unit8adventuresectionⅲlesson2 11页

SectionⅢLesson2&Lesson3—Pre-readingMarcoPoloandHisTravelsMarcoPolowasborninItalyin1254.Whenhewas17yearsold,hetravelledacrossEuropeandAsiawithhisfather,whowantedtodotrade①withtheChinese②.Eventually③，theyarrivedinBeijing.Atthattime,ChinawasruledbytheYuanDynastyEmperor④，KublaiKhan.KublaiKhanwelcomedMarcoandhisfather.HewasveryhappytomeettwoforeignersandwantedtolearnallaboutEurope.MarcoandhisfatherwereguestsattheEmperor'sPalace.AlthoughMarcowasyoung,hewasverycleverandcouldalreadyspeakfourlanguages.TheEmperorwasimpressed⑤byhimandtheybecamefriends.HeaskedMarcotoserve⑥inhiscourt⑦andsenthimtodomanyimportanttasksacrossthecountry.Marco,inturn⑧，wasamazed⑨byhowbeautifulandpowerfulChinawas.HewasveryimpressedbyBeijingandtheEmperor'sPalace,especially⑩theSummerPalace⑪whichhedescribedas⑫“Thegreatestpalacethateverwas...ThewallswerecoveredingoldandsilverandtheHallwassolargeitcouldeasilyseat⑬6,000peoplefordinner⑭.”TherewereinventionsanddevelopmentsinChinawhichwerenotavailable⑮inEuropeatthattime⑯.MarcowassurprisedtoseeChinesepeopleusingpapermoneyinthemarkets.InEurope,peoplepaidforgoods⑰withgoldorsilver.Hecouldnotunderstandhowpeoplecouldpayforfoodandvaluablethingswithpaper!Hewasalsoconfused⑱bytheblackstonespeopleusedtoburnforfuel⑲.Theblackstoneswerecoal,butMarcohadneverseencoalbefore！①tradev．做买卖n．买卖，交易tradewithsb.insth.同某人做某方面的生意②who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰hisfather。③eventuallyadv.最终，终于④emperor/'emprə/n.皇帝⑤impressvt.给……以深刻印象nbeimpressedby...对……印象深刻⑥servevt.&vi.为……服务；任职⑦court/kɔːt/n．宫廷；法庭⑧inturn轮流；相应地byturns轮流taketurns依次，轮流inreturn作为回报⑨amaze/ə'meIz/vt.使惊愕(惊奇)amazedadj.吃惊的，惊异的amazingadj.令人惊异的，了不起的beamazedat/by...对……感到惊奇⑩especiallyadv.尤其，特别地speciallyadv.特别地，专门地⑪which引导定语从句，修饰theSummerPalace。⑫describe...as把……说成/描述成⑬seatvt.使某人就座，容纳⑭该句为“so...that”结构，句中省略了that，补充为solargethatitcould...⑮availableadj.可获得的；可找到的⑯which引导定语从句，修饰inventionsanddevelopments。⑰goods/ɡʊdz/n.商品，物品⑱confuse/kən'fjuːz/vt.使困惑beconfusedby对……感到困惑confuseAwithB把A与B混淆⑲fuel/fjʊəl/n．燃料马可·波罗和他的旅行[第1～4段译文]马可·波罗1254年出生于意大利。他17岁时，由于父亲想和中国人做生意，他就和父亲一起游历欧洲和亚洲。最后，他们到达北京。当时元世祖忽必烈正统治着中国。元世祖忽必烈欢迎马可和他的父亲。他很高兴见到两位外国人，想向他们了解欧洲的全部情况。马可和他的父亲成了皇宫里的贵客。尽管马可很年轻，但他聪明伶俐，并且会讲四种语言。他给皇帝留下了深刻的印象，两个人成了朋友。皇帝让马可留在朝廷服务，派他到全国各地完成了多项重要使命。马可也相应地被中国的美丽和强大所震撼。北京和皇宫给他留下了深刻的印象，尤其是夏宫，他称它为“迄今最伟大的宫殿……它的墙用黄金和白银装饰，大厅大到可以轻易地容n纳6000人同时进餐。”那时，中国的许多发明和发展水平是在欧洲见不到的。马可惊奇地发现中国市场上流通的是纸币。而在欧洲，那时人们还是用金、银买货物。他不理解人们怎么可以用纸来买食物和值钱的物品！他也不明白为什么人们用黑色的石头作燃料。这种黑色的石头就是煤，但是马可以前从没有见过煤！In1291,after17yearsofservicetotheEmperor,MarcoreturnedtoItaly.Hewasnowaverywealthy⑳man.Notlongafterhisreturn,alocalwarbrokeoutnearhistown.Duringthewar,Marcowasthecaptainofawarshipbutwascaughtbytheenemyandputintoprison.However,MarcowasluckyenoughtomeetanotherprisonerwhoenjoyedlisteningtohisstoriesaboutChina.TheprisonerwasanauthorandhetookdictationwhileMarcotoldallhisstoriestohim.TheprisonerthenwrotethestoriesinabookcalledTheDescriptionoftheWorld，whichbecameoneofthebestsellingbooksinEurope.Althoughpeopleenjoyedreadinghisbook,manyofthemthoughtthatMarco'sstoriesaboutChinaweretoofantastictobetrue.ButMarcoalwaysstoodbyhistales.Justbeforehedied,aged70,Marcowasaskedthequestion，“Wasitalltrue？”，towhichhereplied，“IhaveonlytoldahalfofwhatIsaw！”,⑳wealthy/'welθi/adj.富有的，富裕的wealthn．财富；大量；丰富breakout(坏事)突然发生，爆发happenvi.发生put...intoprison把……关进监狱beinprison被监禁author/'ɔːθə/n.作者dictation/dIk'teIʃn/n.口述，听写过去分词短语called...作定语，修饰abook。bestsellingadj.最畅销的bestsellern.畅销书或唱片nwhich引导非限制性定语从句，修饰TheDescriptionoftheWorld。fantasticadj.富于想象的；无法实现的standby坚持(某种说法)standout显眼，引人注意agedadj.……岁的towhich引导定语从句，修饰thequestion；replyto回答。[第5～6段译文]1291年，在中国为皇帝效力17年后，马可回到意大利。那时，他已经很富有了。他返回之后不久，一场区域性的战争在他家乡附近爆发了。在战争中，马可成为一艘战舰的舰长，但(不幸)被俘入狱。然而在狱中，马可幸运地遇到了一个喜欢听他讲关于中国的故事的囚犯。那个囚犯是一位作家，马可把自己所有的故事讲给他听，他做笔录。然后那个囚犯把故事写成一本书，名为《马可·波罗游记》，这本书成为当时欧洲最畅销的书之一。虽然人们爱读他的书，但许多人认为马可关于中国的故事太离奇而不可信。但马可总是坚持他所讲的故事是真的。马可70岁去世，临终前，有人问他：“你讲的故事都是真的吗？”马可回答道：“我讲的只是我所看到的一半！”PrereadingPleasematchthewordswiththeirpropermeanings.1．extreme　　　　　　　　A．冒……的危险2．similarityB．兴奋，激动3．riskC．相似性，类似性4．excitementD．不同的，各种各样的5．variousE．极度的，极端的6．exactlyF．较喜欢的东西，偏爱7．equipmentG．确切地，精确地8．preferenceH．配备，设备9．emperorI．使惊愕(惊奇)10．amazeJ．皇帝11．dictationK．旅行者，旅客12．statementL.作者13．quantityM．猎人n14．travellerN．陈述15．authorO．口述，听写16．confuseP．富有的，富裕的17．hunterQ．量，数量18．wealthyR．使困惑1～5　________________　6～10　________________11～15　________________　16～18　________________答案：1～5　ECABD　6～10　GHFJI　11～15　ONQKL16～18　RMPLeadinLookattheexplorersinthefollowingpicturesandanswerthefollowingquestions.1．Whoarethey?①Magellan；②Xu_Xiake.2．Whichoneimpressesyoumostandcanyousaysomethingabouthim?XuXiakeimpressesmemost.HewasaChinesetravelwriterandgeographeroftheMingDynasty,bestknownforhisfamousgeographicaltreatisenamedtheTravelDiariesXuXiake.HetravelledthroughoutChina,documenting(记事)histravelsextensively(到处),whichwouldbecompiled(编辑)laterintohisbook,andhisworkwastranslatedbyDingWenjiang.WhilereadingTrue(T)orFalse(F)．1．Attheageofseventeen,MarcoPolotravelledacrossEuropeandAsiaonhisown.__F__2．MarcowasveryyoungwhenhecametoChina,buthewasverycleverandcouldspeakfourforeignlanguages.__F__3．TheEmperorandMarcobecamefriends.__T__n4．PapermoneywasusedbothinEuropeandChinaatthattime.__F__5．MarcohadneverseencoalbeforehecametoChina.__T__6．MarcoPolowroteallhisstoriesinhisbookTheDescriptionoftheWorld.__F__Readthetextagainandfillinthechartwiththeinformationinthetext.Title:MarcoPoloandHisTravelsBeforecomingtoChinaMarcotravelledacrossEuropeandAsiawithhisfather,whowantedto1.tradewiththeChinese.TheyeventuallyarrivedinChinawhichwasthen2.ruledbytheYuanDynastyEmperor,KublaiKhan.Marco'sstayinChinaTheEmperorwasimpressedbyMarco's3.clevernessandaskedhimtoserveinhis4.court.　Marcowasamazedbythe5.beautyandpowerofChina.Marcowas6.confusedbysuchChineseinventionsanddevelopmentsastheuseof7.papermoneyandcoal.AfterreturningtoItalyAfter17years'8.servicetotheEmperor,MarcoreturnedtoItaly,wherealocalwarbrokeout.Marcowasputinto9.prisonwherehemetanotherprisonerwhoenjoyedlisteningtohisstoriesaboutChina.Theprisonerwasanauthor.Hetookdictationandwroteabook,whichbecamea10.bestsellerinEurope.Ⅰ.阅读理解AExactlyadecadehaspassedsinceamancalledOxygenfirstthrewhimselfacrossAmerica.Knownforhisjumpingability,Oxygen,aCzech,whojumpedanearly10footwideabyss(深渊).Today,PetrKops,21,iswearingOxygen'spants.“IdidnotknowOxygenpersonally,butmysisterdid，”Kopssaid.“Iwearhistrousersforgoodluck.”Minuteslater,Kopswasstandingattheedgeofa70footabysscalledBrokenBones.nWhileitmayseemsuicidal(自杀的),jumpingacrossagapisactuallyanextremesportthatisgaininginpopularity.Calledrockjumping,orsimplyjumping,thisactivityistakingplaceintheAdrspachTepliceRocks,aremotenaturepreserveinthenortheastpartoftheCzechRepublic.Knownforits11squaremilesofsandstone,theregionhasbeenlovedbylifelongrockclimbers.“Theaimistogettothetopofasmanytowersasyoucan.”saidVladimirProchazka,knownasJuneBug,a59yearoldclimberandacollectorofCzechrockclimbinghistories.Jumpingisoftenthemostpossiblewaytogettothetower.Inmostcases,climbersjumpwitharopetiedaroundtheirwaist.Iftheymissthelanding—whichisnotuncommon—theywillfallintothewallofthebasetower.“Jumpingrequiresfearlessness，”Prochazkasaid.“Brokenordamagedbonesarefairlycommon.”Still,therearethosewhoprefertoexperiencebyjumpingwithoutarope.AmongthemostwellknownoftheseadventurersarePetrPrachtelandhiswife,Zorka,whohelpedcreatethesportinthe1960s.Theypioneeredcountlessjumps,sometimeswithoutthesafetyofarope.语篇解读：文章介绍了起源于捷克共和国的跳岩运动。文章介绍了该运动的起源和在该运动中几个关键的人物。1．Whatdoes“pants”probablymeaninthefirstparagraph?A．Shoes.　　　　　　　　B．Trousers.C．Jackets.D．Shirts.解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据下文中的“Iwearhistrousersforgoodluck.”可知他穿的是Oxygen的裤子。故该题的正确答案为B项。2．WhydidPetrKopswearOxygen'strousers?A．BecauseheknewOxygenverywell.B．BecauseOxygenwasgoodatwearing.C．Becausehewantedtobelucky.D．BecauseOxygenhadpoorjumpingability.解析：选C　推理判断题。根据文章第一段的“Iwearhistrousersforgoodluck.”可知他是为了好运，故该题的正确答案为C项。3．Rockjumpingis________.nA．becominglessandlesspopularforitissofarawayB．toodangeroustoattractanypeopleC．appearedinthesoutheastpartoftheCzechRepublicD．lovedbypeoplewhocanfacethedanger解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“Whileitmayseemsuicidal(自杀的),jumpingacrossagapisactuallyanextremesportthatisgaininginpopularity.”可知该运动类似“自杀”，故一定为一些喜欢冒险的人所钟爱。故该题的正确答案为D项。BSomepeoplesay,“Extremesportsaresodangerous.Whywouldanyonewanttodothem？”Butthedangeriswhatmakesthemsoexciting.Keepreadingtofindoutthemostpopularones.Bungeejumping:PeopleonsomeSouthPacificislandshavebeenbungeejumpingforhundredsofyears.In1979,somepeoplebungeejumpedoffabridgeinEnglandandmadethesportpopulararoundtheworld.BungeejumpingcametoChinain1996.Skateboarding:Atfirst,thissportwascalled“sidewalksurfing”.Skateboardersoftenjumphighintotheair,godownstepsorslide(滑行)downrailsontheirboards.Theywearbaggytrouserssotheycanmovemorefreely.Skydiving:Thisisprobablythescariest(最惊险的)extremesport.Skydiversjumpoutofairplanesaboutfourkilometersupinthesky.Theyusuallyfreefallforawhileandthenopenaparachutetoslowdownforasafelanding.Snowboarding:ThisbecameaWinterOlympicsportin1998.Peopletiedtheirfeettotheboardwithspecialshoes.Theydon'tuseanyskisticks.Thentheyridedownhills,jumphighanddotricks.4．Whatmadebungeejumpingpopularallovertheworld?A．Ahistoryofhundredsofyears.B．JumpingoverariverinAmerica.C．ComingtoChinain1996.D．JumpingoffabridgeinEngland.解析：选D　细节理解题。由第二段的“...somepeoplebungeejumpedoffabridgeinEnglandandmadethesportpopulararoundtheworld”可知答案为D项。5．Inwhichsportdopeoplejumpfromaplaneorfromahighplace?A．Bungeejumpingandskydiving.nB．Skydivingandskateboarding.C．Bungeejumpingandskateboarding.D．Snowboardingandskateboarding.解析：选A　细节理解题。由相关信息“somepeoplebungeejumpedoffabridge”及“Skydiversjumpoutofairplanesaboutfourkilometersupinthesky.”可知，bungeejumping和skydiving都是从高处起跳的。6．Whydosomepeopleliketodotheextremesports?A．It'seasytolearn.B．It'sexcitingandsafe.C．It'sscarybutsafe.D．It'sdangerousbutexciting.解析：选D　细节理解题。由第一段中的“thedangeriswhatmakesthemsoexciting”可知，人们喜欢极限运动是因为它虽危险但刺激。CToyota'snewrobotHSRisdevotedtoasingletask:pickingthingsup.HSRisshortfor“humansupportrobot”.Itcomeswithasinglemechanicalarmthatcanholdobjectsofvariousshapesandsizesandpickupsmalleritemswithatinycup.Itdoesn'thaveothertricks,exceptforacomputerpanelonitsheadforsurfingtheInternet.Apersoncanalsoaccesstherobotfromanothercomputeranduseitlikeacameraphone.HSRwillfirstbeusedforpeoplewithdisabilitiesandthenfortheelderlyingeneral.Pickingupisespeciallychallengingforpeoplewithspinal(脊柱的)disordersandotherillnesses.Althoughitcanonlydoonesimpletaskofpickingup,it'salreadymakingdisabledpeoplequitehappy.“We'rejustgettingstarted,buteventuallyitwillenterpeople'shomes，”theengineerKouichiIkedasaid.Nearly40percentofJapan'spopulationwillbe65orolderby2060andtherestofthedevelopedworldandsomedevelopingnationswillfollowit.“Peoplefeelmorecomfortableaskingarobottopickupafterthemthanaskingahumanhelper，”saidIkeda.ToyotacameupwiththeideaofHSRin2012.Themodelshouldbereadytoenteruniversities,researchfacilitiesandbusinessesnextyear,whereitcangetmoreapplications.Onedisadvantageisthatmass(大规模的)productionisneededforthepricetocomedown.Therobothasseveralcameras,includingtwoonitsheadthatlooklikeitseyesnandsensors(感应器)onitsbody.Itrunsquietlyaroundinalldirections.Unlikeotherroboticarms,HSR'sholdandbumpsaredesignedtobesoftsotheycan'thurtanyone.Butitcanpickupitemsthatweighupto2.6pounds.7．WhatdoweknowaboutHSR?A．Itcanfulfillvariousneeds.B．Itcanhelpgetdifferentthings.C．Itcanbemadeintodifferentsizes.D．ItcannotbeusedtosurftheInternet.解析：选B　细节理解题。由第一段“Itcomeswithasinglemechanicalarmthatcanholdobjectsofvariousshapesandsizesandpickupsmalleritemswithatinycup.”可知，此机器人可以帮助拿不同的东西。8．IntheeyesofIkeda,therobot________.A．facesmanyproblemsB．willhaveabrightfutureC．isintendedforthedisabledD．worksbestinhospitalsforpatients解析：选B　推理判断题。由第二段可知，老龄化社会即将到来，Ikeda认为其机器人将进入到千家万户，有光明的未来。9．WhatistheproblemwithHSRfromToyotanow?A．Itssize.　　　　　　　B．Itsshape.C．Itscost.D．Itsfunction.解析：选C　细节理解题。由第三段“Onedisadvantageisthatmass(大规模的)productionisneededforthepricetocomedown.”可知，这个机器人目前存在的问题是成本很高。10．WhatisspecialaboutHSRcomparedwithotherrobots?A．Itissafetouse.B．Itmovesquickly.C．Itworksbysensors.D．Ithasmanycameras.解析：选A　推理判断题。由最后一段“Unlikeotherroboticarms,HSR'sholdandbumpsaredesignedtobesoftsotheycan'thurtanyone.”可知，HSR比起别的机器人来很安全，不会伤人。Ⅱ.阅读七选五Thestressofeverydaylifecannotbeavoided.Schoolwork,responsibilitiesathome,busyschedules,others'expectations,disappointments,etc.—allofthesencancreatepressure.__1__Addingthesesimpleactionstoyourregularroutinecanhelpyoufeellessstressed.Youneedtomakesurethatyoukeepdoingthesetoenjoythebenefits：__2__It'struethatallworkandnoplayisbad.Butifyourscheduleissofullofactivitiesthatthere'snotimeforhomework,that'llstressyououttoo.Manageresponsibilities.Useacalendartokeeparecordoftasks,chores,practices,andotherduties.__3__Thus,managingstressalsomeansregularstudyingandkeepingontopoftasks.Taketimeeverydaytothinkabouthowthingsaregoing.Whatdoyouneedtoworkonormaketimefor?Maketimetoexerciseeveryday.It'shardtofeelanxiouswhenyou'retakingadeepbreathonarun,feelingtherushofadownhillbikeride,orplayingapickupgamewithfriends.Exercisecantakeourmindoffstress.__4__Eathealthyfood.Whatyoueataffectsyourmood,energy,andstresslevels.Eatinghealthilydoesn'tmeanavoidingalltreats(美食).__5__It'sOKtotreatyourselftoicecreamoccasionally,butificecreamandsweetsareyourmainsourceoffuel,you'relikelytofeelstressed.A．Itgoesbacktothatbalancethingagain.B．Balanceresponsibilitieswithactivitiesyouenjoy.C．We'dbetterlearntodealwitheverydaychallenges.D．Planningisnogoodifyoudon'tactuallydowhatyouplan.E．Gettingtherightamountofsleepiswhatweneedtofocuson.F．Italsoreleaseschemicalsinourbrainsthatmakeusfeelbetter.G．Thesedailystressorswillpileupifwedon'tkeepthemundercontrol.答案：1～5　GBDFA