2019高中英语刷题首选卷基础练能力练unit3lifeinthefuturesectionⅲgrammar（含解析） 9页

SectionⅢ　Grammar对应学生用书P31[基础题]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．[2017·北京高考]Jimhasretired,buthestillremembersthehappytime________(spend)withhisstudents.答案：spent　句意：吉姆已经退休了，不过他仍然记得和学生们一起度过的快乐时光。time与spend之间是被动关系，故此处用过去分词作后置定语。2．________(face)withaheavyloadofwork,Jimwonderedhowhecouldfinishitthistime.答案：Faced　句意：面临着繁重的工作，吉姆思索着这一次怎样才能完成任务。befacedwithsth.表示“(某人)面临着某事”，是固定用法，face的逻辑主语是Jim，两者之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作状语。3．________(compare)withletters,emailsaremoreconvenientincommunicationnowadays.答案：Compared　句意：和信件相比，如今电子邮件更方便交流。分析句子结构可知，compare的逻辑主语是主句主语emails，两者之间构成被动关系，故填Compared。4．Recyclepaper,plasticandglassandbuythingsmadefrom________(recycle)materials,andalotofenergywillbesaved.答案：recycled　过去分词作定语，修饰materials，表示被动和完成。5．Greatly________(encourage),theplayerstriedtheirbesttowinthegamefortheircountry.答案：encouraged　句意：受到极大的鼓舞，运动员们竭尽全力为祖国赢得比赛。encourage和其逻辑主语theplayers之间存在被动关系，表示运动员“被鼓励”，所以此处用过去分词作状语。6．________(catch)inthetrafficjam,hegottoschoolverylatethismorning.答案：Caught　becaughtin...表示“被困在……”，catch与其逻辑主语he之间为被动关系，故用动词的过去分词作原因状语。7．Janeisashygirlandsheneverspeaksuntil________(speak)to.答案：spoken　句意：简是一个害羞的女孩，别人开口和她说话之前，她从不说话。“连词＋过去分词”在句中作状语，相当于“连词＋状语从句”的省略形式，即...untilsheisspokento。8．[2016·北京高考]________(order)overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.n答案：Ordered　句意：这些书一个多星期前就被下订单了，预计现在随时会到。order与逻辑主语thebooks之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，答案为Ordered。Ⅱ.单句改错1．Inspiringbymyteacher,Isignedupforthespeechcontestandmadefullpreparationsforit.________________________________________________________________________答案：Inspiring→Inspired2．Althoughremindingnottodriveafterdrinking,somedriversarestilltryingtheirluck,whichisverydangerous.________________________________________________________________________答案：reminding→reminded3．Thoughbringupinapoorfamily,theyounggirlhasahighlevelofselfesteem.________________________________________________________________________答案：bring→brought4．Devotetohisresearchwork,theprofessorcaredlittleaboutotherthings.________________________________________________________________________答案：Devote→Devoted5．Theteachingreformintendingtopromotestudents'motivationinclasshasreceivedgoodresults.________________________________________________________________________答案：intending→intended6．“Wecan'tgooutinthisweather，”saidBob,lookedoutofthewindow.________________________________________________________________________答案：looked→lookingⅢ.完成句子1．Hesatinthearmchair，________________________________________________________________________.他坐在躺椅上读报纸。答案：readinganewspaper2．Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindever________.这将是这类小说中写得最好的。答案：writtenn3．__________________inthebush,Susanwassentbacktothecamp.因为被灌木丛中的蛇咬到，苏珊被送回到露营地。答案：Bittenbythesnake4．________________________________________________________________________，theyoungmanwasalittleshy.被女孩们包围了，这个年轻人有点害羞。答案：Surroundedbythegirls5．____________byagroupofstudents,theteacherenteredtheclassroom.老师走进教室，后面跟着一群学生。答案：Followed[能力题]Ⅰ.阅读理解TheFutureofDairyFarming:RobotMilkersJohnFendrickistheownerofthefarm.Heinspectstheprogressoftheanimalsbylookingatacomputerscreen.Thatisallhehastodo.“Thedooropensup,theywalkin,andtheygetmilked.Thedooropensup,andtheywalkout.”Therobotdoesallthework.Itusesalasertofindeachteat(乳头)—theplaceonthecowwherethemilkcomesout.Therobotthencleanstheteatandconnectsamilkingtubetoit.Therobotalsoteststhemilkforpossiblecontamination(污染).Ifitfindsaproblem,itrejectsthemilk.Whentheamountofmilkcomingoutofthecowslows,themachineknowstostop,andsendsthecowonitsway.MilkingrobotsarebecomingpopularamongdairyfarmersintheUnitedStates,EuropeandAustralia.JohnFendricksaystherobotshavechangedlifeonadairyfarm.“Youaregivingthefreedomback.Soitallowsmeorthepeopleworkingformetoactuallydootherthingsonthefarm.”Mostdairyfarmersmustmilktheircowstwotimesaday,earlyinthemorningandlateatnight.Theanimalsaremilkedeverydayingoodweatherorbad.ButMrFendrick'scowsdonotfollowsuchaschedule.Theystayinthefielduntiltheywanttobemilkedbytherobot.Someofthemcometobemilkedinthemiddleofthenight.MrFendrickdoesn'tevenneedtobetheretowatchhiscowsbeingmilked.Hecanwatchfromhistelephone.Hecanlearnwheneachcowwasmilkedandhowmuchsheproduced.Hecanalsolearnifacowhasnotbeenmilkedforalongtime.Andhesaysthatisagoodthing.“Idon'tliketomilk.”Withtherobot,hencanturnhisattentiontootherthings.Hegetsabout475litresofmilkaday,andheneverhastotouchacow.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了未来乳牛业的一种新模式——在养殖场使用机器人挤奶，并介绍了机器人挤奶的过程和优点，以及带给农场主的便利。　1．Whichofthefollowingshowsthecorrectprocessoftherobotmilkingcows?a．cleaningtheteatb．testingthemilkc．lettingcowsgod．rejectingoracceptingthemilkA．a,d,b,cB．b,a,d,cC．b,d,a,cD．a,b,d,c答案：D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段所讲述的机器人挤奶的过程可知，机器人先清洗乳头，然后检测牛奶，如果牛奶被污染，它会拒绝挤奶，没有被污染则正常挤奶，最后让奶牛离开。故选D项。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?A．Thelaser.B．Therobot.C．Theteat.D．Thecow.答案：B　指代判断题。根据第二段中的“Therobotalsoteststhemilkforpossiblecontamination(污染)．”可知，这里是说机器人若发现了问题，它会拒绝挤奶。所以it在这里指代therobot。故选B项。3．ThereasonwhyMrFendrickdoesn'tevenhavetobeonthefarmisthat________.A．hecanwatchandlearnfromhistelephoneB．hehascompletelybeenreplacedbyrobotsC．robotswilltellhimallbytelephoneD．heisnotthepersononcalltomilk答案：A　细节理解题。根据第五段可知，芬德里克先生可以通过电话监管和了解农场的情况，所以没有必要亲自去农场。故选A项。Ⅱ.完形填空Dadhadagreencomb.HeboughtitwhenhemarriedMum.Everynight,hewouldhandmehis__1__andsay,“Goodgirl,helpDaddycleanit,OK？”nIwas__2__todoit.Atagefive,thisdulltaskbroughtmesuch__3__.Iwouldexcitedlyturnthetap__4__andbrushthecombcarefully.SatisfiedthatI'ddoneagoodjob,IwouldhappilyreturnthecombtoDad.Hewould__5__affectionately(亲切地)atmeandplacethecombonhiswallet.Twoyearslater,Dadstartedhisown__6__，whichwasn'tdoingsowell.Thatwaswhenthingsstartedto__7__.Daddidn'tcomehomeasearlyandasmuchasheusedto,MumandIbecame__8__withhimforplacingourfamilyintrouble.With__9__goingby,anuncomfortablesilencegrewbetweenus.Aftermygraduation,Dad'sbusinesswasgettingbackontrack.Onmy28thbirthday,Dadcamehome__10__.Asusual,Ihelpedhimcarryhisbagsintohisstudy.WhenIturnedtoleave,hesaid,“Hey,wouldyouhelpme__11__mycomb？”Ilookedathimawhile,then__12__thecombandheadedtothesink.Ithitmethen:why,asachild,__13__Dadcleanhiscombwassuchapleasure.Thatroutine(习惯)meantDadwashomeearlyto__14__theeveningwithMumandme.It__15__ahappyandlovingfamily.IpassedthecleancombbacktoDad.Hesmiledatmeand__16__placedhiscombonhiswallet.Butthistime,Inoticedsomething__17__.Dadhadaged.Hehadwrinklesnexttohiseyeswhenhesmiled,__18__hissmilewasstillas__19__asbefore,thesmileofafatherwhojustwantedagood__20__forhisfamily.　1．A.bagB．walletC．combD．brush答案：C　根据文章首句“Dadhadagreencomb.”可知，此处指作者的父亲会把梳子(comb)交给她，让她去清洗这把梳子。2．A.annoyedB．relievedC．ashamedD．pleased答案：D　根据上下文语境可知，作者是很高兴(pleased)地去做这件事情的。下文的“excitedly”和“cleanhiscombwassuchapleasure”也是提示。3．A.joyB．sadnessC．courageD．pain答案：A　根据上下文语境可知，此处指这份乏味的工作给作者带来了快乐(joy)。4．A.outB．overnC．inD．on答案：D　根据下文中的“brushthecomb”(清洗梳子)可知，此处指的是作者打开水龙头。turnon“打开”，符合语境。5．A.stareB．smileC．shoutD．laugh答案：B　根据上下文语境可知，此处表示父亲会亲切地对着“我”微笑(smile)，然后把梳子放到他的钱包上。6．A.familyB．businessC．taskD．journey答案：B　根据下文的“Dad'sbusiness”可知，两年之后父亲开始了自己的事业(business)，但是情况不太好。7．A.progressB．changeC．improveD．form答案：B　根据后文的“Daddidn'tcomehomeasearlyandasmuchasheusedto.”以及“forplacingourfamilyintrouble”可知，就是那时候，事情开始变化(change)了。8．A.satisfiedB．delightedC．madD．strict答案：C　根据句意可知，作者的母亲和作者很生父亲的气，因为他使得他们的家陷入到困境中。bemadwith意思是“对……很生气”，符合语境。9．A.timeB．patienceC．speedD．ease答案：A　根据句意可知，随着时间(time)的推移，“我”们之间慢慢产生了令人感到不舒服的沉默，这暗示家庭成员之间有了隔阂。10．A.occasionallyB．earlyC．frequentlyD．rarely答案：B　结合上下文语境可知，此处指由于父亲的事业慢慢步入了正轨，在作者28岁生日那天，父亲早早地(early)回了家。11．A.sharpenB．repairC．cleanD．keep答案：C　根据第一段中的“Goodgirl，helpDaddycleanit，OK？”可知，此处指父亲让作者帮助他清洗(clean)一下梳子。12．A.droppedB．tookC．handedD．threwn答案：B　根据上下文语境可知，此处指作者接过(took)那把梳子，然后向洗涤池那里走去。13．A.watchingB．lettingC．helpingD．hearing答案：C　根据上文的“Goodgirl，helpDaddycleanit，OK？”可知，此处指帮助(helping)父亲清洗梳子。14．A.findB．loseC．wasteD．spend答案：D　这里提到父亲早早地回到家里，那么应该是与母亲和“我”一起度过(spend)晚上的时间。15．A.affectedB．brokeC．meantD．supported答案：C　根据上文的“Thatroutine(习惯)meant...”可知，此处指一家人共度夜晚时光，意味着(meant)一个快乐的和充满爱的家庭。16．A.firmlyB．hurriedlyC．casuallyD．carefully答案：D　句意：父亲对“我”笑了笑，小心地(carefully)把梳子放在他的钱包上。firmly“坚决地”，hurriedly“匆忙地”，casually“随便地”，均不符合语境。17．A.differentB．excitingC．interestingD．urgent答案：A　句意：但是，这一次，“我”注意到一些不同的(different)事情。后文中的“Dadhadaged.Hehadwrinkles...”说明了父亲的变化，即不同。18．A.forB．orC．soD．yet答案：D　根据上下文的语境可知，此处表示意思上的转折，故用yet，意为“然而，但是”。19．A.convincingB．heartwarmingC．cautiousD．innocent答案：B　此处指父亲的微笑仍然像以前一样令人感到幸福快乐(heartwarming)。convincing“令人信服的，有说服力的”，cautious“谨慎的”，innocent“无辜的”，均不符合语境。20．A.originB．lifeC．reputationD．educationn答案：B　由上下文可知，从父亲的笑中，作者体会到父亲是想让自己的家人拥有好的生活(life)。Ⅲ.语法填空TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)hasmadeanappealtoscientists,drugmanufacturersandgovernments.TheWHOwantsthemtoworktogether__1__(develop)drugstofight12bacteria.Thesebacteria__2__(be)abletoresist__3__(power)antibiotic(抗生素)drugs.Theresistanceissounusuallystrongthatallthe12bacteriahavebeengivenaspecialname“superbug”.TheUnitedNationsagencyreportedthisweekthe12superbugsareathreattohuman__4__(healthy).Itsaidtheyhave__5__abilitytoeasilyturntreatableinfectionsintokillers.TheWHOsayssuperbugscanalsopassalonggeneticmaterial__6__helpsotherbacteriabecomeresistanttodrugtreatment.MariePauleKienyistheAssistantDirectorGeneralattheWHO.Shesaid,“Antibioticresistanceisgrowingandwearefastrunningout__7__treatmentoptions.”sheurgedgovernmentstogivedrugcompaniesreasonstodevelopnewtreatments.“Ifweleaveittomarketforcesalone,thenewantibioticswemost__8__(urgent)needarenotgoingtobedevelopedintime，”shesaid.Antibioticdrugscanlosetheireffectivenesswhenpeopletakemoreorlessthantheamount__9__(require)bydoctors.Whenthishappens,infectionsthat__10__(treat)atonetimeeasilybecomeresistant.1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________9．________　10.________篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了世界卫生组织呼吁开发新的药物，以应对超级病菌对人类健康的威胁。1．todevelop　考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语，故填todevelop。2．are　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处表示客观的情况，故用一般现在时；且主语“Thesebacteria”为复数形式，故填are。3．powerful　考查词性转换。此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词短语，故填形容词powerful。4．health　考查词性转换。介词后跟名词、代词或动词ing形式作宾语。humanhealth意为“人类健康”，作介词to的宾语。5．the　考查冠词。ability被不定式短语“toeasilyturntreatableinfectionsintokillers”所修饰，表示特指，故用定冠词the修饰。6．nthat/which　考查定语从句的引导词。that/which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词geneticmaterial。7．of　考查介词。固定搭配runoutof意为“用完”，故填介词of。8．urgently　考查词性转换。副词可以修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子。故此处应用副词urgently修饰动词need。9．required　考查非谓语动词。amount和require之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。10．weretreated　考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语atonetime可知，treat所表示的动作发生在过去，且此处表述“曾经被治疗过的感染”，故infections和treat是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。